Types Of Energy Storage Devices Research Articles

On the performance of carbon fiber structural batteries with temperature

Carbon fiber structural batteries, which combine structural and functional properties, have good energy storage capacity while bearing loads have received attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years as a new type of energy storage device. However, in the process of use, temperature changes will lead to the occurrence of thermal stresses, which may cause structural failure under multiple cycles. In this paper, the thermal-stress coupled model of structural batteries was established first using the temperature and thermal stress models of structural batteries, considering the heat exchange with the external environment of structural batteries. Then based on the coupled model, the thermal stress in the structural battery was simulated and analyzed in COMSOL considering different charge and discharge rates and ambient temperatures of the structural batteries. The results show that: (1) The higher the charging and discharging rates, the higher the temperature of the structural battery, resulting in greater thermal stress. (2) The higher the ambient temperature of the structural battery, the longer its discharge time and the lower the voltage at which discharge terminates, which is beneficial for the electrochemical performance of the battery. But the higher the ambient temperature, the greater the temperature change inside the structural battery, which is not conducive to the mechanical performance of the structural battery. This study can provide reference for the safety analysis of structural batteries in thermal environments.

Ultralow charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.05 V in sunlight‐responsive neutral aqueous Zn–air battery

AbstractRechargeable neutral aqueous zinc−air batteries (ZABs) are a promising type of energy storage device with longer operating life and less corrosiveness compared with conventional alkaline ZABs. However, the neutral ZABs normally possess poor oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) and oxygen reduction reactions performance, resulting in a large charge–discharge voltage gap and low round‐trip efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a sunlight‐assisted strategy for achieving an ultralow voltage gap of 0.05 V in neutral ZABs by using the FeOOH‐decorated BiVO4 (Fe‐BiVO4) as an oxygen catalyst. Under sunlight, the electrons move from the valence band (VB) of Fe‐BiVO4 to the conduction band producing holes in VB to promote the OER process and hence reduce the overpotential. Meanwhile, the photopotential generated by the Fe‐BiVO4 compensates a part of the charging potential of neutral ZABs. Accordingly, the energy loss of the battery could be compensated via solar energy, leading to a record‐low gap of 0.05 V between the charge and discharge voltage with a high round‐trip efficiency of 94%. This work offers a simple but efficient pathway for solar‐energy utilization in storage devices, further guiding the design of high energy efficiency of neutral aqueous ZABs.

Joint estimation of state-of-charge and state-of-power for hybrid supercapacitors using fractional-order adaptive unscented Kalman filter

As a new type of energy storage device, hybrid supercapacitors have the advantages of both lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. State of charge and state of power estimation are crucial for system operation and energy management. This work proposes a joint estimation method for the state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-power (SoP) of hybrid supercapacitors based on a fractional-order model and unscented Kalman filter algorithm. Firstly, a parameter identification method for second-order fractional-order models is proposed using a competitive learning-based particle swarm optimization algorithm. On this basis, a SoC estimation method is designed based on the fractional-order adaptive unscented Kalman filter. Then, a SoP estimation method considering multiple constraint conditions is proposed. Finally, the proposed parameter identification and state estimation algorithms are validated under different operating dynamic conditions and environmental temperatures. The experimental results show that the error of model voltage is lower than 100 mV and the SoC estimation error is lower than 2% in the vast majority of cases, which proves the proposed algorithms have good accuracy and robustness in different environments.

Machine learning in clarifying complex relationships: Biochar preparation procedures and capacitance characteristics

Supercapacitors as a new type of energy storage device play an important role in the development of renewable energy. Activated biochar-based electrode materials has good energy storage potential because of useful physicochemical properties and renewability. The optimal preparation method for biochar-based electrodes for supercapacitors is difficult to determine experimentally due to the complexity of influencing factors. Therefore, three machine learning models were developed to describe the relationship between the preparation process and the energy storage characteristics of activated biochar. The Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) model provided the best prediction, with an R2 value of 0.93. Interestingly, the heating rate was the most important factor affecting the specific capacitance of activated biochar and showed a significant negative correlation, with a feature importance of 35.08 %. In addition, Micropore volume proportion and specific surface area showed a significant positive correlation with specific capacitance, with feature importance of 15.39 % and 9.23 %, respectively. Significantly, the specific capacitance could be improved by increasing the added amount of N source and activator and a higher activation temperature, as well as using a shorter activation time and slower heating rate during preparation. This study provides new insights into the applications of activated biochar for energy storage through data analysis.

Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review.

Supercapacitors are the latest development in the field of energy storage devices (ESDs). A lot of research has been done in the last few decades to increase the performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes of supercapacitors are modified by composite materials based on conducting polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, chalcogenides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc. In comparison to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have advantages such as quick charging and high power density. This review is focused on the progress in the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors using composite materials based on conducting polymers, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles/nanofibres, and CNTs. Moreover, we investigated different types of ESDs as well as their electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and kinetic aspects. We have also discussed the classification of different types of SCs; advantages and drawbacks of SCs and other ESDs; and the use of nanofibres, carbon, CNTs, graphene, metal oxide-nanofibres, and conducting polymers as electrode materials for SCs. Furthermore, modifications in the development of different types of SCs such as pseudo-capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and electrical double-layer capacitors are discussed in detail; both electrolyte-based and electrolyte-free supercapacitors are taken into consideration. This review will help in designing and fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with high energy density and power output, which will act as an alternative to Li-ion batteries in the future.

Biomass derivatives self-assembled into multiple heteroatoms doped carbon sphere for aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) as a new type of energy storage device, possess high power density, low cost, and safety. However, the unsatisfactory energy density of ZHCs caused by low output voltage and small specific capacitance restricts its practical application. Herein, a novel multiple heteroatoms doping carbon sphere is achieved from the mixture precursors of glucosamine hydrochloride and sodium lignosulfonate via chemical activation strategy. High specific surface area, rich O/N/S-containing functional groups, and good electric conductivity endow the resultant carbon sphere with a superior specific capacity of 233 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and outstanding capacity retention of 83 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1. Remarkably, as-assembled ZHC exhibits a conspicuous energy density of 209.7 Wh kg−1 at 900 W kg−1, and its energy density still maintains 74.7 Wh kg−1 at 45,000 W kg−1. Furthermore, after 10,000 cycles, the resultant carbon sphere achieves 100% capacitance retention. This work offers a feasible strategy for carbon cathode materials with enhancing energy density and rate capability, and concurrently reasonable cycling stability.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS ENERGY STORAGES

Research relevance This article presents a mathematical solution to the issue of a comparative analysis of various types of energy storage devices and determining the most efficient type of energy storage device for use on an industrial scale. The subject of the study in the article is the most important parameters of seven types of energy storages, the use of which is spreading in the world. The purpose of the work is to obtain an answer to the following question: which of the ubiquitous different types of energy storages is most likely to be the most efficient for the future industrial energy supply? The following tasks are solved in the article: 1) generalization of the collected data; 2) analysis (evaluation) of data using mathematical methods of data analysis. The following research methods are used: comparison, abstraction, axiomatic, analysis, synthesis, formalization and induction. The following results were obtained: among the analyzed energy storages, the best result was shown by a mechanical potential (gravitational) energy storage. Conclusions: If it is planned to use energy storages on an industrial scale in various fields, it should be recognized as expedient to give preference to gravitational devices.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of CoWO4 and CoWO4/MWCNT nanocomposites for highly efficient supercapacitor applications

Electrochemical supercapacitor is valid and as an innovative type of energy storage device in the recent years. In this study, we successfully produced the CoWO4 nanoparticles and CoWO4/MWCNT nanocomposites using a straightforward hydrothermal method and an annealing procedure. The created nanocomposites are evaluated using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the electrical conductivity is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further, the specific capacitance is determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques. Higher electrochemical behavior is exhibited by the CoWO4/MWCNT composite electrode, delivers the capacitance of 543 F/g at 5 mV/ s. The CoWO4/MWCNT composite electrode demonstrates the exceptional 93 % cycle stability and 98 % coloumbic efficiency, showing better ion storage behavior in their huge electroactive areas. A possible source of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications has been found in this CoWO4/MWCNT composite due to its charge-storing capabilities.

Facial synthesis of reduced graphene oxide – Amorphous nickel tungstate composite for flexible hybrid asymmetric solid state supercapacitor application

Supercapacitors are crucial as an additional type of energy storage device assisting various types of energy storage systems for high power requirement. Herein, using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, thin films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composited with nickel tungstate (NiWO4) were synthesized with different rGO content. The synthesized material showed spherical morphology with rGO sheets and a specific surface area in the range of 85 to 107 m2 g−1. The three-electrode method was used, and the electrochemical performance of rGO-NiWO4 films was assessed in 2 M KOH electrolyte. A composite film deposited at 12 mg mL−1 concentration of rGO (CNW3) film exhibited a specific capacitance of 779 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. At a current density of 4 A g−1, CNW3 film showed outstanding electrochemical stability with 95 % capacitance retention after 5000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles. This study emphasizes the usage of rGO-NiWO4 (CNW3) thin films deposited using SILAR method as a cathode in solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). The rGO-NiWO4/PVA-KOH/AC ASC device exhibited a specific capacitance of 94.2 F g−1 at 5 A g−1, a specific energy of 33.5 Wh kg−1 and a specific power of 12.37 kW kg−1 with 83 % capacitance retention after 5000 GCD cycles. This suggests that rGO-NiWO4 thin film produced using SILAR method is a suitable candidate for supercapacitors.

Effect of Electric Properties according to Volume Ratio of Supercapacitor and Battery Capacitor in Hybrid Energy Storage System

The development of technology that combines supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries by externally connecting them in parallel is ongoing. This study examines the correlation between the volume ratio and electrical characteristics of a cell made by internally connecting a battery capacitor with Li4Ti5O12 as the anode active material and a supercapacitor in parallel. It was found that increasing the volume occupied by the battery capacitor in the cell led to increased cell energy and resistance, resulting in decreased output characteristics. Conversely, increasing the volume occupied by the supercapacitor in the cell led to a decrease in the IR drop during discharge and the cell temperature when evaluating cycle characteristics with a current of 20C. This study also examined the behavior of the current distributed during the charging and discharging process based on the volume ratio of the supercapacitor and the battery capacitor. Analyzing the correlation between the volume ratio and electrical characteristics of supercapacitors and battery capacitors could potentially lead to the development of a new type of energy storage device.

Development of Pd@MWCNT-Co3O4 Electrode Sensors Using Cobalt Recovered from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

The rampant use of various types of energy storage devices for different applications poses a great threat to the environment as most of the materials after their usage are not recycled properly. Battery materials that are exposed to the environment without proper recycling or recovery protocol are of more concern. In the present work, the chemical components recovered from spent lithium batteries were processed through suitable methods and were utilized for the fabrication of electrode materials for sensor application. The present work demonstrates a highly sensitive and cost-effective method for fabricating disposable non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on Pd functionalized MWCNT-Co3O4 electrode using cobalt recovered from a spent Li-ion battery. The incorporation of palladium onto the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and further deposition of this composite onto the Co3O4 substrate greatly enhanced the glucose sensing characteristics. The sensing behavior of the Co3O4 electrode and Pd@MWCNT-Co3O4 electrode towards glucose electro-oxidation were compared using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Chrono- amperometric (CA) techniques. A very low detection limit of 0.6 μM was obtained by the Pd@MWCNT-Co3O4 electrode towards glucose sensing. The sensor fabrication process was economical and possessed excellent stability, selectivity and good reproducibility.

Recent advances in PEDOT:PSS integrated graphene and MXene-based composites for electrochemical supercapacitor applications

Considering the power consumption by the electronics of the future, it is important to design state-of-the-art energy storage devices with flexible and lightweight structures, which would enable the devices to operate uninterruptedly for a longer time. Supercapacitors (SC), a hybrid type of energy storage device, have gained much attention from the scientific community, compared to their counterparts (batteries and capacitors) because of their high energy and power output to power up devices, mostly for flexible electronics. In addition, the recent breakthrough in materials chemistry research, mainly the invention of novel 2D materials such as graphene and MXene opens a wide window for more research in SC because of their inspiring properties compared to other nanomaterials. Consequently, these 2D nanomaterials have been extensively studied to integrate with other materials like intrinsic conducting polymers (ICP) to improve the performance of fabricated energy storage devices. Among different ICPs, commercially successful PEDOT:PSS is one of the materials that have been integrated with both the graphene and MXene to boost up the capacitive behaviors of the SC by taking advantage of ICP and 2D nanomaterials. As a result, a huge success (in terms of lab scale materials design as well as device performance) has been seen in the last decade, although there is still room for developing SC for next-generation applications. Thus, this article has summarized the recent advancement of electrochemical supercapacitors constructed by incorporating PEDOT:PSS with graphene and MXene.

Performance and sustainability assessment of PEMFC/solar-driven CCP systems with different energy storage devices

The rise in cloud computing has promoted the rapid development of the data center industry. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have high energy conversion efficiency and the potential to be applied in data center applications. In this study, by considering different energy storage devices and multienergy complementarity, four types of proton exchange membrane fuel cell-driven cooling-power systems were designed for data center applications. The effects of different types of energy storage devices and combination of solar energy on the operation characteristics were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that among the four cooling-power systems, the one with heat storage and solar thermal collector provides the best matching between cooling/power supplies and demands. The systems with a heat storage device consumed more hydrogen (3.6%) than those with a power storage device because of the larger requirement of heat (3.8%) and higher current density in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Results of emergy analysis show that the cooling-power system with power storage and solar thermal collector reached a maximum environmental sustainability index of 57.610 and a minimum environmental load ratio of 0.018, which imply strong sustainability potential while releasing the lowest pressure to the environment compared to the other systems.

ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES. MAIN TYPES AND PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION

The article considers energy storage equipment as a key element of the power supply chain. The need to accumulate energy arose at the beginning of the creation of energy networks and, with the development of technologies for the production, transmission and consumption of energy, the relevance of the creation and rational use of storage devices is growing. Quite a few types of storage devices have already been created, some of them are quite widely used, many are still at the testing stage, but have good chances for development and integration into power systems of various types. The article attempts to analyze the main types of energy storage devices, which differ from each other in the way of accumulation, energy, type of energy, storage time, accumulated power, etc. and summarizes their main characteristics in order to compare them with each other. 
 The results obtained in this article will allow us to pre-select a certain type of energy storage device depending on the power system that is being designed, which will make it possible to most rationally manage energy flows in the process of transmission, energy storage and its supply to the grid.

Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System Sizing With Considering Energy Management Strategy for High-Power Pulsed Load in Aircraft

High-power pulsed load (HPPL) such as airborne laser weapon and radar poses a severe challenge to aircraft electrical power system. Since peak power cannot be satisfied only by generator, hybrid energy storage system (HESS) should be well sized to match their energetic performances versus instantaneous power requirement and improve reliability of electrical power system. To deal with these challenges, a sizing optimization for HESS with considering energy management strategy (EMS) based on virtual-droop control in aircraft is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the spectrum characteristics of HPPL profile, splitting frequency between different types of energy storage devices is specially analyzed and designed to give full play to HESS. HESS weight, loss and parameters in EMS are taken into account in this multi-objective optimization based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms II (NSGA-II). Series of Pareto fronts can be obtained through the optimization process, and the most suitable solutions of different HESS combinations are selected by a decision-making means which combines subjective and objective weighting methods. Finally, optimization results of four different combinations are compared. Simulation results are obtained in MATLAB/Simulink environment to prove the rationality and applicability of the optimal sizing tool. The research has resulted in a solution of HESS and EMS optimization for HPPL used in aircraft.

C-P/C=O bonds assisted desolvation effect in ultra-micropores carbon for boosting Zn-ion storage capability

Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) are a promising new type of energy storage device, but there is a plight that the unsatisfactory Zn2+ storage capability of carbonaceous cathodes limits further application. To address this issue, desolvation strategy is employed to tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+ in the ultra-micropores (0.59 nm) nanospheres, where H3PO4 acts as phosphorus source for forming C-P bonds and enhancing C=O bonds to further reduce the desolvation energy barrier. In practical application, a quasi-solid-state flexible ZIHC is constructed, which provides a battery-level energy density (293.4 Wh kg−1) at a power density (180 W kg−1) and a remarkable capacity retention of 93.4 % after 10 000 cycles. Electrochemical analyses, DFT calculations and structural characterization reveal that ultra-microporous is proved to be a prerequisite for C-P/C=O that are expected to further deplete solvent molecules within a Zn2+ solvation sheath. Also, the coupling effect between the strong adsorption of Zn2+ by C-P/C=O and the hydrophobic effect of C-P play an important role in facilitating desolvation process. This work creates a precedent for the application of ultra-microporous carbon materials in ZHICs and provides a brand-new approach for breaking the bottleneck of the low energy density and poor lifespan of ZHICs.

Synergistic effect of K+and PANI in vanadium oxide hydration by interlayer engineering boosts the ammonium ion storage

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) hybrid supercapacitor (AA‐HSC), as a new type of energy storage device with great potential, is in the initial stage of rapid development. Based on its special energy storage mechanism, exploiting novel NH4+‐hosting materials is still a great challenge. Herein, vanadium oxide hydration (VOH) tuned by interlayer engineering of K+/PANI co‐intercalation, named KVO/PANI, is designed for AA‐HSC. Intercalated PANI can shield interaction between NH4+and V–O layers to some extent and enlarge interlayer space, which improves the efficiency of reversible NH4+(de)insertion. However, K+enhances redox activity and electronic conductivity. The synergistic effect of co‐intercalation optimizes intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior during the (de)ammonization process, which is reported in NH4+storage for the first time. Theoretical calculations reveal that the lowered electron transport barrier and enhanced electronic conductivity improve NH4+kinetics and exhibit high capacitance for charge storage. The KVO/PANI can deliver the specific capacitance of 340 F g−1at 0.5 A g−1and retain 177 F g−1at 10 A g−1. Pairing with activated carbon, the AA‐HSC can achieve a decent energy density of 31.8 Wh kg−1. This work gives inorganic/organic co‐intercalation that can enhance the NH4+storage of VOH by interlayer engineering. The strategy can be used to design other materials for aqueous energy storage systems.

The energy storage mathematical models for simulation and comprehensive analysis of power system dynamics: A review. Part i

Energy storage systems are increasingly used as part of electric power systems to solve various problems of power supply reliability. With increasing power of the energy storage systems and the share of their use in electric power systems, their influence on operation modes and transient processes becomes significant. In this case, there is a need to take into account their properties in mathematical models of real dimension power systems in the study of various operation modes, design, etc. In this article the main types of energy storage devices, as well as the fields and applications of their use in electric power systems are considered. The principles of realization of detailed mathematical models, principles of their control systems are described for the presented types of energy storage systems. The article is an overview and can help in choosing a mathematical model of energy storage system to solve the necessary tasks in the mathematical modeling of storage systems in electric power systems.Information is presented on large hydrogen energy storage units for use in the power system.

Review of NiS-Based Electrode Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors

As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have the advantages of high-power densities, high safety factors, and low maintenance costs, so they have attracted widespread attention among researchers. However, a major problem with supercapacitors is that their energy densities are not high enough, which limits their application. Therefore, it is crucial to expand the application scenarios of supercapacitors to increase their energy density as much as possible without diminishing their advantages. The classification and working principles of supercapacitors are introduced in this paper. The electrochemical properties of pure NiS materials, NiS composites with carbon materials, NiS composites with sulfide materials, and NiS composites with transition metal oxides for supercapacitors are summarized. This paper may assist in the design of new electrode materials for NiS-based supercapacitors.

Aging Mechanism and Models of Supercapacitors: A Review

Electrochemical supercapacitors are a promising type of energy storage device with broad application prospects. Developing an accurate model to reflect their actual working characteristics is of great research significance for rational utilization, performance optimization, and system simulation of supercapacitors. This paper presents the fundamental working principle and applications of supercapacitors, analyzes their aging mechanism, summarizes existing supercapacitor models, and evaluates the characteristics and application scope of each model. By examining the current state and limitations of supercapacitor modeling research, this paper identifies future development trends and research focuses in this area.