Destructive Type Research Articles

К вопросу об особенностях проведения экспертизы качества и прогнозирования остаточной долговечности железобетонных лотков

The issues associated with quality expertise and prediction of the residual durability of reinforced concrete products and structures for road construction, particularly flumes, are of particular relevance in connection the implementation of the national project “Safe and quality roads”. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to proceed from the principle of equal resistance of all flume sections to operational and temperature-humidity effects in the development of measures to improve the service life of flumes. Within the framework of quality expertise and prediction of residual durability of reinforced concrete flumes, it is necessary to follow the procedure: to study the influence of the type of loading and the structural features of the concrete structure on the change of threshold stresses and its destruction type; to study technological methods for increasing these threshold values; to study the influence of the concrete stress state in various flume sections on their deformability and destruction type at different temperature and humidity conditions in order to develop specific technological and structural measures aimed at improving the durability of concrete. The initial quality and residual durability of reinforced concrete flumes are determined mainly by the combination of their formulation, technological and structural solutions at the stage of manufacture, as well as by the nature of the effects (primarily cyclic) at the stage of operation. Technologists and experts should monitor, predict and timely adjust the current state and residual durability of these essential elements for modern high-quality and safe road construction.

Paleokrajobrazowe aspekty badań nad podepozycyjnymi procesami destrukcji ceramiki osadowej (przypadek kunicki)

The author presents the results of research on a specific type of destruction of pottery from archaeological excavations on a settlement from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age(HaB3–HaD1 dated to the 9th–6th centuries BC) in Kunice, voivodeship Lower Silesia. It is located on one of the few postglacial lakes present till now in Silesia. Analysed were disintegrations in form of separation of pottery walls observed on the coil contacts. Topographic and stratigraphic approach to this phenomenon allowed to show its post-depositional character, recognise the causes, and trace the dynamics of this process. The obtained results indicate that there exists a relationship between the pottery wall separations and the hydrological effects of the impact of climatic factors in the course of the oldest oscillation of the Subatlantic stage, generally humid and cool. They enrich and specify the insight on the scale and impact of hydrological changes on the paleo-landscape. The most important, however, is the appreciation of the cognitive values of the source mass material in studying problems that go beyond the trend present in cultural studies.

Criteria Justification for Assessing the Technical Condition of Gearboxes of Mining Machines Based on Infrared Thermography

The paper presents the relevance of advanced assessment of the technical condition of complex technical systems. One of which is the gearbox of a mining machine. The main reasons for early failures of bearings are shown. The main share is occupied by problems of lubrication, incorrect installation and maintenance. The analysis of types of destruction of gears of mining machines is presented. The main share is occupied by the surface coloring of the teeth and sudden fracture of the tooth as a result of dynamic load. The theoretical basis for determining the heat release of bearings is given. The calculation of heat release is given of a shaft belt conveyor gearbox as an example, which is confirmed by thermographic studies under operating conditions. Justification of criteria for evaluating the technical condition of gearboxes of mining machines in the form of temperature anomalies recorded on the surface of the body, The actual load on the output shaft is taken into account.

Characteristics of Teenagers ' Propensity to Destructive Types of Activity

Characteristics of Teenagers ' Propensity to Destructive Types of Activity

Social and Existential Threats to Personal Security in Virtual Communities

The article is devoted to the problem of destructive cyber influence. The objects of the study are “death groups” calling on young people to commit suicide, as well as the “Columbine communities,” which are associated with acts of aggression and murder in educational institutions. The problem of virtual youth communities of destructive type is presented from the positions of philosophical, anthropological, existential, and axiological analysis.

Development of Bio Sorption Composites of a Destructive Type for Purification of Soil Contaminated with Pesticides

Development of Bio Sorption Composites of a Destructive Type for Purification of Soil Contaminated with Pesticides

Розробка біосорбційних композитів деструктивного типу для очищення ґрунтів, забруднених пестицидами

Розробка біосорбційних композитів деструктивного типу для очищення ґрунтів, забруднених пестицидами

Carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams of the compound cross-section of the span structures of bridges, extended by the paving slab

Problem. Experimental studies of load-carrying capacity of full-scale reinforced concrete bridge beams of typical 56 type project are described. The beams were dismantled from the existing bridge after 40 years of its operation and combined with fragments of precast-monolithic and precast ribbed paving slab, were used during the reconstruction of the old span structures for widening and simultaneous strengthening of their beams by way of extending the transverse section from above. Goal. Three prototypes of full-length reinforced concrete bridge beams with a total length of 14,06 m were tested, which had a folded cross-section, including a tare section of an existing beam of 0,85 m high and a fragment of a ribbed precast or precast monolithic plate, extended from above for joint work. Thus, the total height of the folded section of the reinforced prototype beams was 1,27…1,29 m. Methodology. The technique of testing the beams of the composite section was to obtain the maximum number of experimental data on a limited number of prototypes, in particular their carrying capacity for normal and inclined cross-sections. For this purpose, during the tests, different schemes of their loading with one or two concentrated forces were created for obtaining different types of destruction on the same prototype – by bending moment and transverse force. Originality. Therefore, the load-carrying capacity of the test beams in both normal and inclined cross-sections were studied. The main purpose of these studies is to evaluate the impact of the inclusion in the joint work with the existing beams of ribbed paving slab on the increase of their carrying capacity both in zonal moment and in transverse force compared with the carrying capacity of the only existing beams. Results and practical value. As the main result of the research, it was found that after the inclusion in the joint work of the ribbed paving slab the carrying capacity of normal and inclined cross-sections increased by 1,55-1,65 times, which is sufficient to provide load capacity of the expanded paving slab of bridge structures.

Влияние семейного воспитания и статуса подростков в группе сверстников на их агрессивность

The study is aimed at studying the impact of family upbringing and the status of adolescents in the group of their coevals on their aggressiveness. Methods. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the development of aggression in adolescents is significantly influenced by such factors as the status of the teenager in his coeval group and the type of family upbringing. The empirical part of the study included three stages: preparatory, diagnostic, analysis and interpretation of the data. These stages of the study are aimed at determining the level of adolescents’ aggression, identifying violations in family upbringing and determining the status of adolescents in the coeval group. The results of the study. As a result, 82.1% (23 parents) experienced violations in family upbringing, destructive and mixed types of family interaction can be observed. Children of these parents are characterized by high and medium levels of aggressiveness. Also, the highest level of aggressiveness is observed in adolescents with sociometric statuses as «Stars», «Rejected» and «Disowned». The analysis of the correlation analysis results showed a high correlation between the manifestation of aggression in adolescents and such types of violations in family upbringing as excessive sanctions, underdevelopment of parental feelings and bringing conflict into the sphere of upbringing. Also, the analysis of the results showed the presence of a high relationship between the manifestation of aggression in adolescents and such status groups as «Stars» and «Preferred». Discussion. As a result, the assumption that there is a relationship between the type of family upbringing, sociometric status in the group of their coevals and aggression of adolescents was confirmed. It can be said that the style of family upbringing of adolescents and sociometric status in a group of coevals creates a number of prerequisites for the manifestation, development and consolidation of aggressiveness as a personality trait.

Distorted cartography as a reflection of conflicts and political contradictions in the modern world

Some features of modern political cartography are analyzed. The authors note that sometimes for the sake of political interests of some international actors, geographic maps, distorted and not responding to modern political realities, are produced. Such false maps mislead the mass audience. The authors emphasize the particular danger of a “war of maps” in regions of heightened conflict, to which, above all, the Middle East and North Africa belong. They conclude that the forged geographic maps, along with the distortion of historical truth and the essence of historical and modern events and processes, become an integral element of a new destructive type of weapons of the 21st century - information confrontation.

Improvement of car repairability based on the material destruction assessment during its operation

Parts and structural elements of vehicles during operation are affected by cyclic loads and various temperatures. At the same time, more than 80% of all types of metal structures destruction are fatigue-like, which leads to huge financial losses, and often to fatal accident. Therefore, issues of improving the reliability and safe operation of automobile parts subjected to cyclic loads in air at different temperatures are important in modern industrial science. That’s why, it is necessary to know the laws of fatigue behavior of structural materials obtained by different types and modes of technological processing in specific operating conditions in order to predict their operational reliability increase.Changes in the metal during fatigue are directly reflected on the curves of changes in the samples current deflection, since they reflect the antogonism of two mutually opposite processes - hardening and softening, directly related to the processes that occur in the material structure during fatigue.This article presents the possible analysis of the fatigue failure kinetics of some test structural materials using the curves of the samples current deflection. The assessment of structural materials destruction allows us to choose structural materials for car parts, taking the conditions of its operation, types and modes of its manufacturing technology into account in order to increase its maintainability and service life.

Research of Road Pavement Survey Process Using Georadiolocation

The authors of this paper carried out a survey of road pavement and analyzed the need for such survey. The research was conducted using an operating facility as an example. In this paper, the decisions are grounded, the survey stages are described. Mobile methods of non-destructive control for road structures diagnostics are of particular importance at the moment. As a part of this research, the tasks related to determining the thickness of structural layers, the uniformity of materials, and the detection of voids under the auto-road surfacing were solved. The results of diagnostics and quality control of road-building works, as well as georadiolocation (GPR) technologies, are considered in detail. The results of tests of different GPR models and the economic efficiency of their use in road industry are described. The test results are illustrated with radarograms. The result of the GPR study of an auto-road section is presented. The results of the work showed that GPR research methods as a part of the survey allow reasonably planning and carrying out measures to eliminate and prevent various types of subsidence and road surfacing destruction, as well as to assess the nature and extent of the negative processes development. With the timely elimination of these problems, major damage and subsequent costly repairs can be avoided. Having compared the most significant factors, the authors make the conclusion that the method under research has got advantages, which are high efficiency and high capacity.

Types of bone destruction and its severity in chronic periodontitis patients with tobacco smoking habit using periapical radiographs and transgingival probing: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Tobacco smoking is an independent risk factor for periodontal disease which increases periodontal pocketing, attachment loss, as well as bone loss leading to varied severity and bone destruction in the form of horizontal and vertical patterns.Aim:The aim of the present study is to determine and measure the types and severity of bone destruction in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with tobacco smoking habit using intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs and transgingival probing.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 male participants with CP were included in the study. Group A comprised 30 heavy cigarette smokers and Group B comprised 30 nonsmokers. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Amount and pattern of bone loss were assessed using IOPA and transgingival probing.Results:The mean values of PI, PPD, and CAL were 2.50 ± 0.28 mm, 9.33 ± 1.42 mm, and 10.2 ± 1.62 mm, respectively, for cigarette smokers, which were found to be higher and statistically significant as compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smokers showed more bone destruction than nonsmokers in respect to maxillary molars 4.42 ± 1.31 mm and incisors 3.90 ± 1.10 mm as compared to nonsmokers. Types of bone destruction were more of vertical patterns (93.3%) in cigarette smokers.Conclusions:Tobacco smoking was associated with severe attachment loss. Tobacco smoking not only affects soft tissues but also hard tissues such as bone. Palatal sides of maxillary molars showed significantly higher bone loss and also had more percentage of vertical patterns of bone loss compared to nonsmokers. IOPA and transgingival probing may be used as noninvasive methods for the determination of types and severity of bone destruction in CP patients with or without tobacco smoking habit.

Skin Lesion Detection Based on Fuzzy Logic

Melanoma is the maximal destructive type of skin disease. Occurrence ratios of melanoma seemed expanding, particularly with non-Hispanic white guys and females, however durability values are more whenever identified early. Requirement of cost as well as time for the imates to go for dermatologist for melanoma are restrictively exorbitant. Test in actualizing such a framework is finding the derma sore in the computerized picture. An arrangement of agent surface appropriations are found out from an enlightenment remedied photo and surface peculiarity metric is ascertained for every circulation. Melanoma represents around 75% of passings related with skin tumor. The fundamental objective of our work is to build up a structure that naturally right and section the skin injury from an information photo. This philosophy utilizes surface peculiarity injury division fluffy calculation to distinguish the injuries in the skin. The upside of this undertaking is early recognition of the sore to dodge skin tumor at later stages

Tidal circularization of gaseous planets orbiting white dwarfs

ABSTRACT A gas giant planet which survives the giant branch stages of evolution at a distance of many au and then is subsequently perturbed sufficiently close to a white dwarf will experience orbital shrinkage and circularization due to star–planet tides. The circularization time-scale, when combined with a known white dwarf cooling age, can place coupled constraints on the scattering epoch as well as the active tidal mechanisms. Here, we explore this coupling across the entire plausible parameter phase space by computing orbit shrinkage and potential self-disruption due to chaotic f-mode excitation and heating in planets on orbits with eccentricities near unity, followed by weakly dissipative equilibrium tides. We find that chaotic f-mode evolution activates only for orbital pericentres which are within twice the white dwarf Roche radius, and easily restructures or destroys ice giants but not gas giants. This type of internal thermal destruction provides an additional potential source of white dwarf metal pollution. Subsequent tidal evolution for the surviving planets is dominated by non-chaotic equilibrium and dynamical tides which may be well-constrained by observations of giant planets around white dwarfs at early cooling ages.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone: imaging findings

Objective To analyze the radiological imagines and SPECT imaging features of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone and to improve the diagnostic level. Methods The imaging data of 16 patients in our hospital from January 2009 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed by two senior musculoskeletal radiologists, and they were all proved by surgery and pathology. The location of the lesions, type of bone destruction, size, soft tissue mass, mineralization, pathological fracture and periosteal reaction were detected by radiography and CT. The types of bone destruction are osteolytic, cystic and mixed. Periosteal reaction was divided into codman triangle, layered periosteal reaction and spiculate periosteal reaction. The signal intensity of lesions, size, distruction of the bony cortex, soft tissue mass and peritumoral edema were detected by MRI.Signal intensity was divided into low signal,iso-signal and high signal by taking surrounding normal muscles as reference. Enhancement scan was used to detect the form of enhancement. SPECT bone scan: compared with normal bone, SPECT bone scan signals were higher than normal bone, which was called concentrated radioactivity. Results Among the 16 cases, located in tibia(5 cases), femur (4 cases), sacrum(1 case), pubis(1 case), ilium(1 case), thoracic vertebra (2 cases) and humerus(2 cases). Radiography showed osteolytic, cystic and mixed bone destruction, among which 8 cases were osteolytic, 2 cases were cystic, 4 cases were mixed, and 1 case was normal. On CT images, 9 cases were osteolytic, 6 cases with soft tissue masses, among which 3 cases with partial sclerosis rim (2 cases with pathological fractare and obviously enhanced), 1 case with mild bone expansion and soft tissue, 2 cases with partial sclerosis rim. Four cases were mixed, all with cortical bone destruction, penetration, 1 case with soft tissue mass and periosteal reaction, 1 case which in the long bone of the extremity was central in location with periosteal reaction. Two cases were obviously and heterogeneously enhanced atter the enhanced CT scanning (1 case with bone expansion). Two cases were cystic,all with cortical destruction and penetration,1 case with soft tissue mass,1 case with partial sclerotic rim;after the enhanced CT scanning,2 case were obviously and heterogeneously enhanced. The most of the MR imagines showed the iso-intensity signal (10cases) and/or lightly lower signal (3cases), lightly higher sign (2cases) on T1WI, inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI (15cases),after injected contrast medium,the tumor was inhomogeneous enhancement (14cases) with the cysts, necrosis and hemorrhage in it,11 cases with soft tissue masses,12 cases accompanied by peritumoral edema. On SPECT bone scan, 10 Cases showed significant concentrated radioactivity(1 case was circumferential) and 1 case was mild concentrated radioactivity. Conclusion PLB usually occurs in the lower extremities,more frequently at the distal end of the femur, the proximal end of the tibia. The mainly appearance are central situated and osteolytic destruction with mass of the soft tissue. Although PLB has some imaging features, it is difficult to differentiate it from malignant bone tumors. Multi-imaging modalities such as radiography, CT, MRI and SPECT may suggest the diagnosis. Key words: Leimyosarcoma; Bone; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tomography, X-Ray computed

Investigation of pore structure characteristics and adsorption characteristics of coals with different destruction types

The occurrence of coal and gas outbursts is closely linked to the presence of tectonic coal. To study the pore structure characteristics and adsorption characteristics of different destruction types of coal, nondestructive coal, destructive coal, strongly destructive coal, pulverized coal, and fully pulverized coal are selected based on the coal and gas outburst mine identification specifications. The experimental methods used are liquid nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and CH4 isothermal adsorption. The results show that the pore volume obtained by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the specific surface area increase with increasing destruction type. For all tested coal samples, the N2 adsorption/desorption hysteresis loop is not closed when the relative pressure is low, indicating the existence of ink-bottle pores, an elastic structure of the coal and nitrogen affinity in the coal. With increasing tectonic stress, it becomes more advantageous to produce micropores. The pore volume obtained by the mercury intrusion porosimetry experiment increases with increasing destruction types except for the case of fully pulverized coal. High-pressure mercury causes pore deformation and collapse. When the f value is <0.5, the compression effect of the pores is obvious. The smaller the value of f is, the wider is the pore range affected by the high-pressure mercury. The degree of destruction is positively correlated with the porosity, specific surface area, and Langmuir volume. However, the degree of destruction is negatively correlated with the f value and mercury extrusion efficiency.

Quasi-static stability of a ribbed shell interacting with moving load

Loss of stability of thin-walled structural elements of aircraft is the most common type of destruction. In this work, the definition of the critical velocity of a pressure wave moving over the surface of an acclivous, ribbed cylindrical shell, which is the most common design element of all aviation and rocket systems, is considered. The article takes into account the discreteness of the location of stiffeners (stringers), in contrast to other works, where ribbing is taken into account only within the framework of a constructive orthotropic model. In the quasi-static formulation, the problem of the stability of a shallow shell with a discrete arrangement of stringers under the action of a moving radial load has been solved. The range of critical speeds of movement of the load is defined. An example is considered.

IMPROVING METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING METALLURGICAL VALUE OF AGGLOMERATED WASTE

The results critical analysis standard methods determining the contamination coagulated iron-containing wastes, used as metal additives in steelmaking processes, impurities, are presented. The advanced method determination content harmful and harmful impurities and estimation metallurgical value steel chips briquettes is proposed, which is based on the use techniques high-temperature experiments and provisions theory of metallurgical processes for the processing results.Complex high-temperature experiments with the use induction crucible furnace with the selection samples of metallic melt and slag for further chemical analysis. In order to prevent the secondary oxidation iron briquettes, in the working space of the furnace formed a neutral gas medium (by injecting argon with a flow of 0.05...0.15 m3/min). In order to work out the evaluation method, the bunches of steel chips from different grades of steel were used.The influence chemical composition of steel chips and nonmetallic inclusions briquettes on the process melting, the degree iron removal, yield and properties slag from non-metallic inclusions of briquettes are investigated. The differences and features melting of briquettes from different types steel shavings are determined.When the investigated briquettes are matched to the requirements standards, density and strength indicators have established a wide range of fluctuations pollution indicators and the possibility iron extraction in steelmaking from briquettes from 2.47 to 7.33% and from 92.67 to 97.53% respectively.The classification types of briquettes destruction during heating is proposed, which includes: deformation briquettes without breaking with peripheral melting; formation cracks in the central part with the destruction briquettes without peripheral melting; сombination, with different ratios, cracking processes and melting of cake. The temperature beginning destruction or melting briquettes was in the range from 1380 to 14700С.The proposed integral indicator briquettes contamination (KZ). Due to the use of an improved method for assessing the metallurgical value briquettes, it is possible to determine the KZ, which takes into account all types mass loss briquettes and the presence different types contaminants: iron losses due to the transition to slag during the melting briquettes, the degree loss, the presence and removal of moisture, residues of lubricants, composition and amount of harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions in briquettes, etc.It has been shown that without reliable data on the mass loss briquettes with lethal components, the amount and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions, as well as the metal produced by the melting of briquettes, the determination metallurgical value of this type metal additive is a difficult task.

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in Taleghan basin, Iran

Identifying landslide-susceptible zones is warranted to prevent and mitigate associated hazards in mountainous regions, where a landslide is a destructive type of erosion. A landslide susceptibility map was developed for the Taleghan basin based on frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and support vector machine (SVM) with radial base (RBF), sigmoid (SIG), linear (LN), and polynomial (PL) kernel functions. To this end, an inventory map with 166 landslide locations was prepared and partitioned into 70% and 30% to train and validate the models, respectively. Subsequently, the models were designed based on 13 factors including elevation, slope degree, slope aspect, distance to stream, Stream Power Index, Topographic Wetness Index, Stream Transport Index, distance to fault, lithology, soil texture, land use, distance to road and precipitation. The performance of the methods was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI), the precision index (P). Moreover, statistical measures including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Friedman test was also applied to confirm significant statistical differences among the seven models employed in this research. The validation results showed that MaxEnt had the maximum area under the curve (0.812). The results obtained using the models LR, FR, PL-SVM, SIG-SVM, LN-SVM, and RBF-SVM were 0.807, 0.732, 0.679, 0.663, 0.643 and 0.660, respectively. The obtained P index showed the better performance of MaxEnt and LR models. Moreover, the trend of changes in the SCAI values, from low- to high-susceptibility, indicated that the MaxEnt and LR models had the best performance. Decision makers can effectively use the findings of the present study to mitigate the financial and human costs resulting from the landslides.