Types Of Destinations Research Articles

Destination image in Serbian youth ecotourism

Almost half of domestic overnight stays in Serbia in 2019 were made in just five destinations, indicating the need for mitigation of such regional imbalances, particularly given the positive economic effects of domestic tourism. Large number of protected areas in Serbia provide opportunities for ecotourism development, which would make domestic tourist flows more disperse. Despite the important role of destination image in ecotourism development, previous studies of Serbian ecotourism did not focus on this construct. The aim of this study is to advance the knowledge about cognitive and affective image components of Serbian ecotourism destinations, including the role of socio-demographic characteristics and travelling behaviour on these representations. Youth, i.e., student population, represents the target group of the study. Five factors of the cognitive image were identified - General, Hospitality and Safety, Culture, Affordability and Nature. Hypotheses testing showed that cognitive perceptions varied in relation to the destination type and to some extent to previous visitation and gender, while affective responses varied in relation to gender and partially to the destination type and recent domestic travel experience. These findings provide theoretical contributions to ecotourism destination image research and practical implications for the destination managers and national policymakers.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER OF POLLUTION OF SOILS OF URBAN TERRITORIES OF THE MINING REGION

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of the quality of soil cover in the cities located in the mountainous areas of the Trans-Urals in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The object of the study was the soil of lands for various purposes in cities of Uchaly, Sibay, and Baymak. In the study of soils of industrial zones, there were taken samples adjacent to the dumps and tailing dumps of mining production at a distance of up to 500 m. In the recreational zone there were included the territories of parks, in the residential zone - all micro-districts where the population of the city resides. There were investigated territories of collective gardens located near sources of pollution. Material and methods. The gross content of heavy metals and their mobile forms extracted from the soil of ammonium acetate buffer at pH 4.8 were determined by atomic absorption. Generally accepted ecological values of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and regional geochemical background (RGF) were used to estimate the degree of soil pollution. To assess the degree of soil pollution, the total ZC index was calculated using the formula proposed by Yu. E. Saet. Results. As a result of the study, in all studied samples of the soil excess of MPC on gross forms on the content of Cu, Zn, in some cases, Mn, Cd, Co was revealed. Calculations of the General norm of Zc showed urban soil lands of all types of purpose by gross content to belong to the category of permissible pollution. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals in all the studied cities is higher in soils for industrial purposes. Increased level of mobile forms of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd was revealed in all studied soil samples. The soils of the residential zone of Baymak according to the content of mobile forms belong to the moderately dangerous category of pollution, the rest of the studied soils had an acceptable category of pollution. In the cities of Sibay and Uchaly, the territories adjacent to the quarry dumps belong to a particularly dangerous category of pollution. Conclusion. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals in urban areas of the Mountainous region of the Republic of Bashkortostan is determined by the type of destination of urban land. The most polluted are the soils of industrial zones located in close proximity to mining enterprises. The ecological danger of pollution is that in this zone there is a part of residential neighborhoods with knots, as well as garden cooperatives, where potatoes, vegetables and fruit and berry crops are grown.

“America First, the Netherlands Second” on YouTube: “spoofing” destination marketing with political satire

This study attempts to provide first tentative insights into the audience reception of intertwining of political satire and destination marketing imagery by analysing the “America First, the Netherlands Second” video and a student sample audience response. In 2017, a series of YouTube videos named “America First” went viral. The video that started the viral phenomenon was “America First, the Netherlands Second”, responding in a satirical manner to the “America First” message of the inaugural speech of U.S. president Donald J. Trump. They reached extreme popularity both in number of views and in number of new memetic videos with similar satirical messages. These videos were a form of political expression and at first sight did not seem to have much in common with communication in tourism. However, the videos included typical destination marketing imagery, intertwined with satirical representations and thus representing a humorous “spoof” on destination marketing. Currently, not much is known on how political satire affects the process of destination image formation. The study analyses participants’ memory recall, eye-tracking movements and focus group responses in order to provide first conclusions on how the audiences respond to intertwining of satirical political expression and destination marketing imagery

Epidemiology and mortality in older patients treated by reverse shoulder arthroplasty for displaced proximal humerus fractures

IntroductionReverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for displaced proximal humerus fractures in older patients. However, few studies have analyzed the target population and the effect of RSA on survival, although the socioeconomic impact of this type of surgery is considerable. Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective epidemiological study of all patients with a displaced proximal humeral fracture treated by RSA in 14 public and private hospitals throughout France between 1995 and 2016. The French hospital discharge database (PMSI) was analyzed to isolate an 898-patient cohort who underwent RSA within 6 weeks of the fracture event. In 87% of cases, this was a 3- or 4-fragment fracture. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of the patients at the time of fracture, their survival (Kaplan-Meier estimate) and factors that may impact survival. ResultsThe mean age at the time of fracture and surgery was 79 years (46–98 years). Eighty percent of the cohort was female (sex ratio: 0.18 [p=0.0042], with 21% obesity rate [BMI>30]) and 60% of patients were ASA 1–2. The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular and neurological. The survival rate after RSA was 94% at 1 year and 73% at 5years. At the latest follow-up of 19 years, 42% of patients were still alive. In 18% of cases, the patient died within the first 15 days. The presence of comorbidities (ASA score>3–4) (p<0.004) and/or cognitive disorders (p<0.0001) were risk factors for early mortality. The time to surgery, type of fracture, associated fractures and discharge destination (return home, transfer to nursing home) had no effect on postoperative mortality in our cohort. ConclusionDespite being older (79 years) at the time of proximal humerus fracture, patients who underwent RSA treatment had a high survival rate (94% at 1 year, 73% at 5years), which is better than the survivorship reported after surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures (81–87% at 1 year, 38% at 5years). The presence of comorbidities (ASA>3–4) and/or cognitive disorders are risk factors for early mortality and should be taken into account to prevent early death. Level of evidenceIV, Retrospective study.

Psychological factors affecting the behavioral intention of the tourist visiting Southeastern Anatolia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationship between personality traits, travel motivations, perceived destination quality, overall destination satisfaction and behavioral intentions of domestic tourists.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative research method was used in the study. A survey technique was used to collect data. Data were applied to incoming domestic tourist to Gaziantep and Sanliurfa cities in Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling.FindingsThe study showed that personal traits “agreeableness” and “conscientiousness” positively affect relaxation motivation. Cultural and relaxation motivations had a positive impact on satisfaction, whereas pleasure-seeking motivation has a negative impact on satisfaction. In addition, overall destination satisfaction is positively affected by destination quality perceptions and affects loyalty in a positive way.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the literature review phase, no scale was found according to different destination characteristics (cultural, nature and sea destinations). In this regard, developing new scales to measure destination quality in accordance with different destination types would allow comprehending the subject in a more clear and detailed way.Practical implicationsThe establishment of relationship between variable examined by this study ensures that product and services provided by the destination reach the correct target audience, which brings along the success to destination. For instance, destination management organizations could get information from travel agencies they work with about the characteristics, and motivations of tourists, and could develop their strategies, and plans, accordingly.Originality/valueThis study has three important contributions. First, revealing the role of personality in tourist behavior; second, their behaviors and attitude before (motivation and personality) during (destination quality and satisfaction) and after visiting (behavioral intentions) were examined; and third, personality, travel motivation, destination quality and satisfaction are discussed together as a model in this study.

Young children's vacation experience: Through the eyes of parents

The travel industry has witnessed remarkable development of the children's market in recent decades; however, relevant academic research remains scarce, especially with younger children. By adopting a netnographic approach, this study explores young children's (0–4 years old) holiday experiences through the eyes of their parents. Research findings revealed parents' preferred types of destinations for family vacations. Two broad themes were identified from analyses of parents' accounts: enjoyment of nature and social development. Findings are discussed in the context of relevant literature, and industry recommendations are provided.

Local walking and cycling by residents living near urban motorways: cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundEveryday activities, such as walking or cycling, may be a feasible and practical way to integrate physical activity into everyday life. Walking and cycling for transport or recreation in the area local to a person’s home may have additional benefits. However, urban planning tends to prioritise car use over active modes. We explored the cross-sectional association between living near an urban motorway and local walking and cycling.MethodsIn 2013, residents living in an area (a) near a new urban motorway (M74), (b) near a longstanding urban motorway (M8), or (c) without a motorway, in Glasgow, Scotland, were invited to complete postal surveys assessing local walking and cycling journeys and socio-demographic characteristics. Using adjusted regression models, we assessed the association between motorway proximity and self-reported local walking and cycling, as well as the count of types of destination accessed. We stratified our analyses according to study area.ResultsOne thousand three hundred forty-three residents (57% female; mean age: 54 years; SD: 16 years) returned questionnaires. There was no overall association between living near an urban motorway and the likelihood of local walking or cycling, or the number of types of local destination accessed by foot or bicycle.In stratified analyses, for those living in the area around the new M74 motorway, increasing residential proximity to the motorway was associated with lower likelihood of local recreational walking and cycling (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.00) a pattern not found in the area with the longstanding M8 motorway. In the area near the M8 motorway residential proximity was statistically significantly (p = 0.014) associated with a 12% decrease in the number of types of destination accessed, a pattern not found in the M74 study area.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that associations between living near a motorway and local walking and cycling behaviour may vary by the characteristics of the motorway, and by whether the behaviour is for travel or recreation. The lack of associations seen in the study area with no motorway suggests a threshold effect whereby beyond a certain distance from a motorway, additional distance makes no difference.

BUNDLING AS STRATEGY OF TOURIST ATTRACTION BASED ON NATURAL AND CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE EX-SURAKARTA RESIDENCY

Purpose: Indonesia has many tourist attractions, but not all places are well known, which makes them have no visitors. The objectives of this study are to find out how the condition of attractions in each district/city in the Surakarta Residency and how to increase tourist visits to tourist attractions. Research methodology: The research design is qualitative research. Data are presented in descriptive form, with in-depth and flexible analysis. Sampling by purposeful sampling, the sample chosen depends on the research objectives without regard to the ability of the generalist. The method used is implementing a bundling marketing strategy, which issues product bundling and price bundling in the form of several travel packages. Results: There are two tourist attractions that are already developing and which are still in the form of potential. Travel agents can offer tourist attractions that have developed to tourists by bundling through tour packages. Tourist attractions that are still potential but attractive can be offered as well. So that all tourist attractions will get tourist visits. Limitation: This research was conducted at the Ex-Residency of Surakarta, in Central Java, Indonesia. There are many types of tourist destinations, such as cultural, natural, educational, religious, sport, museum, shopping and culinary heritage tours. So that the bundling is only valid for the area. Contribution: Application of&nbsp; bundling is one way to determine the selling price of a product in this case a tourism product, so that tourism products in the form of tour packages can be sold at attractive prices, which are expected to increase tourist visits. Keywords: Bundling strategy, Tourist attraction, Tourist collaboration, Spirit of gotong royong, Developing tourism

Walking for transportation and built environment in Sao Paulo city, Brazil

ObjectiveTo describe the profile of adults who walk for transportation in Sao Paulo city, and to explore the built environment features that are associated with transport walking. Material and methodsThis study was a cross-sectional analysis of the Sao Paulo Health Survey dataset (n = 3145 people aged 18 years or older) that measured walking for transportation in a usual week by questionnaire. Residential addresses were geocoded and types and mix of destinations were assessed in 500 m and 1,000 m buffers. We conducted Poisson regression to calculate the prevalence ratio and we used multilevel models to examine relationships between the built environment and walking for transportation. ResultsPeople with higher levels of education and who were not obese were significantly more likely to walk for transportation. The cars or motorcycle ownership in families and aged 60 years old or more were significantly less likely to walk for transportation. After adjustment by social, demographic, and environmental variables, the main result showed that the highest tertiles of the mix of destinations within 500 m increased the likelihood of walking for transportation (OR = 1.40 CI95%1.01–1.93). The presence of public transportation stations within 1,000 m was significantly associated with walking for transportation for 150 min or more per week (OR = 1.65 CI95%1.02–2.68). The presence of different types of destinations such as primary health care units, train or subway stations, bakeries, and the high density of supermarkets within 1,000 m were significantly associated with some walking for transportation. The presence of bakeries in 500 m was strongly associated with some walking for transportation. ConclusionsThe mix of destinations within 500 m and some types of destinations within 1,000 m are important to promote walking trips in adults living in a megalopolis like Sao Paulo. These results can foster discussion of healthy cities in Latin American countries.

How Does Work Pressure Moderate the Formation Mechanism of Revisit Intention of Leisure Tourism Destinations: A Test of Moderating Effect

Tourism destination choosing intention is the key field of tourism behavior research and tourism marketing. Though previous studies confirm that tourist’s perceived value has a significant impact on tourism destination choosing intention, there has been little research to date the formation mechanism of tourism destination choosing intention. Especially for leisure tourism destination, because of the purpose of leisure, there must be some factors that play an important role in the formation mechanism. This paper, using the hierarchical regression analysis method to analyze the formation of leisure tourism destinations from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, constructs an extended model of formation mechanism, including leisure value, work pressure and attitude. Using random sampling survey method, the data have been collected in different types of leisure tourism destinations, and have been used to explore the differences in tourists’ revisit intention of leisure tourism destinations under different levels of work pressure. The results show that the perceived value and attitude of leisure tourists have a significant impact on their revisit intention. During the process of activating the impact, the work pressure has apparently negative moderating effects. Among them, the moderating effect on the perceived value is obviously stronger than on the attitude. This study shows that work pressure has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations, and this moderating effect is also negative. What is more, we show that the moderating effect of work pressure is different on the process how perceived value and attitude of tourists affect their revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations. The moderating effect of work pressure on perceived value is significantly stronger than that on attitude.

The Influence of Urban Flooding on Residents’ Daily Travel: A Case Study of Macau with Proposed Ameliorative Strategies

Climate change has resulted in more extreme weather events in coastal cities, and understanding how daily life is impacted is crucial to make effective adaptation measures. Using Macau as a testbed, this research describes examines the impacts of flooding caused by storm surges on residents’ daily travel and proposes measures to ameliorate disaster risks. Spatial extents of urban floods were modelled through inundation simulations using geographical information data. An analysis of the travel distance increases from residents’ homes to common types of destinations was performed both under normal conditions and during flood events in GIS (Geographic Information System) to assess the influence of urban flooding on residents’ daily travel. The results show that one third of the land is threatened by floods in Macau. People’s average travel distance increases as the warning levels escalate, and travel distance is predicted to rise by up to 64.5%. Based on the findings, the study proposes mitigation strategies to minimize urban flooding’s impacts. It suggests that the area more densely populated is not necessarily the one requiring the deployment of preventative measures with the highest priority, as a traffic analysis is identified as the key area which demands disaster prevention measures.

Predictive Model for Length of Stay Among Patients Undergoing Surgery for Grade I Spondylolisthesis: Analysis From the Quality Outcomes Database

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recent changes in healthcare policies implemented as per the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have resulted in providers and hospitals seeking ways to optimize resource utilization and improve patient outcomes. Length of stay (LOS) after surgery has increasingly been used as a surrogate for resource utilization. In the current study, we investigated factors associated with longer LOS after surgery for grade 1 spondylolisthesis. METHODS We queried the Quality Outcomes Database for patients with grade 1 lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing a surgical intervention between July 2014 and June 2016. Only those patients enrolled in a multi-side study investigating the impact of fusion on clinical and patient reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with grade 1 spondylolisthesis were evaluated. A multivariable (MV) proportional odds regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with longer LOS. RESULTS A total of 608 patients undergoing surgery were identified (555 single-level, 53 2-level surgeries). Median LOS was 3 d (IQR: 2-4 d). On MV analysis, factors found to be independently predictive of longer LOS included nonroutine home discharge (home with healthcare: OR: 3.5 (1.9-6.8); postacute care: OR: 9.6 (5.2-17.7)), higher baseline ODI (interquartile OR: 1.44 (1.21-1.86)), longer operative time (OR: 1.98 (1.56-2.51), 2-level surgery (OR: 2.91 (1.37-6.21), ref = 1-level surgery); assisted ambulation (OR: 1.9 (1.1-3.3)) and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (OR: 1.6 (1.1-2.3) while decompression alone (OR: 0.05 (0.03-0.09)), anterior/lateral approaches (OR: 0.25 (0.11-0.56, ref = posterior) and use of MIS (OR: 0.42 (0.30-0.59) were associated with shorter length of stay. Predictor importance analysis revealed that type of surgery (decompression vs fusion), discharge disposition, operative time, use of Minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) and surgical approach were the top predictors determining duration of stay. CONCLUSION These results from a multi-site study of patients undergoing surgery for grade I spondylolisthesis indicate that patients undergoing fusion, discharged to nonhome, with longer operative time and posterior surgical approaches may have longer LOS. Type of surgery and discharge destination are top predictors determining length of stay.

Factors that influence tourism expenditure in World Heritage Cities

ABSTRACTIn recent years, scientific literature has shown special interest in the identification of the factors that influence tourism expenditure, especially in cultural destinations. However, very few studies of this type have been undertaken in World Heritage Cities. Taking the case of Úbeda and Baeza, declared World Heritage Sites in 2003, and using a multivariate double-hurdle model, it has been possible to identify the factors that influence tourism expenditure in this type of destination, taking into account three areas of spending: transport, food, and visits and leisure. The results obtained are highly significant for policymakers, destination managers and businesses since they can inform decision-making by these groups in order to increase tourism expenditure in this type of city.

The patterns and places of counterurbanization: A ‘macro’ perspective from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Abstract Counterurbanization scholarship in Canada is dominated by micro-scale case studies, most recently conducted in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). In this article, a macro perspective is used to paint a broader picture of this downward migration stream. It seeks to determine the relative importance of counterurbanization in NL, compared to other Canadian provinces and territories; to uncover its dominant form (population decentralization or deconcentration); and to determine if counterurbanites are contributing to population growth in productivist or post-productivist municipalities. To undertake this research, migration, population, and labour force data are extracted from the 2016 census. Analysis reveals that counterurbanization is a substream movement at the sub-national scale, but a mainstream flow to small settlement areas in NL, as it is across the country. It more often involves the decentralization of metropolitan residents to urban adjacent municipalities, although in all regions, including NL, interprovincial deconcentration to isolated census subdivisions is also apparent. In-migrants are attracted to nine of ten potential destination types in NL, differentiated by the relative size of the labour force in productivist industries (agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining, utilities, quarrying, oil/gas extraction, and manufacturing), and post-productivist sectors (arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services). Counterurbanites are more numerous in post-productivist settlement types and often contribute to population growth; fewer reside in productivist settlements, which typically are experiencing population decline. This cooccurrence of productivist and post-productivist destinations is not typical of an advanced economy, but one more often found in developing states. These findings enrich Canadian counterurbanization scholarship and demonstrate the application of a counterurbanite-destination typology that can be customized for use in international settings.

Technological disruptions in services: lessons from tourism and hospitality

Purpose Technological disruptions such as the Internet of Things and autonomous devices, enhanced analytical capabilities (artificial intelligence) and rich media (virtual and augmented reality) are creating smart environments that are transforming industry structures, processes and practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore critical technological advancements using a value co-creation lens to provide insights into service innovations that impact ecosystems. The paper provides examples from tourism and hospitality industries as an information dependent service management context. Design/methodology/approach The research synthesizes prevailing theories of co-creation, service ecosystems, networks and technology disruption with emerging technological developments. Findings Findings highlight the need for research into service innovations in the tourism and hospitality sector at both macro-market and micro-firm levels, emanating from the rapid and radical nature of technological advancements. Specifically, the paper identifies three areas of likely future disruption in service experiences that may benefit from immediate attention: extra-sensory experiences, hyper-personalized experiences and beyond-automation experiences. Research limitations/implications Tourism and hospitality services prevail under varying levels of infrastructure, organization and cultural constraints. This paper provides an overview of potential disruptions and developments and does not delve into individual destination types and settings. This will require future work that conceptualizes and examines how stakeholders may adapt within specific contexts. Social implications Technological disruptions impact all facets of life. A comprehensive picture of developments here provides policymakers with nuanced perspectives to better prepare for impending change. Originality/value Guest experiences in tourism and hospitality by definition take place in hostile environments that are outside the safety and familiarity of one’s own surroundings. The emergence of smart environments will redefine how customers navigate their experiences. At a conceptual level, this requires a complete rethink of how stakeholders should leverage technologies, engage and reengineer services to remain competitive. The paper illustrates how technology disrupts industry structures and stimulates value co-creation at the micro and macro-societal level.

Factors influencing the impact of tourism on happiness

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyse the factors influencing the impact of tourism trips on young visitors’ happiness using the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to analyse the influence of various factors on the impact of tourism on happiness. The results reveal that tourism has great potential to improve young tourists’ happiness. Positive outlook, well-being and cheerfulness are the happiness domains most influenced by tourism trips. The findings also reveal that the travel group composition, type of tourism destinations, some types of social encounters, and overall satisfaction with trips have a significant influence on the tourism impact on happiness. The paper ends with some conclusions and implications for improving the impact of tourism on happiness.

Migration in Kenya: beyond Harris-Todaro

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of agrarian structures on the migration behavior and destination of rural household heads and individuals in Kenya. To explore the complexity of migration we extend the standard Harris-Todaro framework to account for land inequality and size as well as type of destination. Using probit regressions, we show that Kenyan household heads born in districts with higher land inequality, smaller per capita land and lower per capita rural income are more likely to migrate. We show that for individuals whose incomes are squeezed by larger land inequality, migration from villages to smaller cities, and villages in different districts could be a preferable strategy to migrating to Greater Nairobi. The impact of land inequality is larger for male than female migration and insignificant for females’ rural-to-rural migration. Moreover, the level of education, age, marital status, gender, religion and distance to Nairobi play a role in migration behavior.

Food tourism destinations’ imagery processing model

PurposeOver the last two decades, the concept of destination imagery (DY) has gained relevance in the academic literature due to its central role in the tourists’ destination choice process. However, there is still much to be explored within this topic, especially concerning DY processing. More specifically, the way external stimuli are processed in tourists’ memory is still unexplored. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine how DY is processed in individuals’ memories upon the reception of verbal stimuli related to food tourism destinations.Design/methodology/approachThrough an online multilingual survey, imagery elements associated with European and Asian tourists’ favourite food tourism destinations were collected. Through a categorical content analysis, tourists’ perceptions were classified within Echtner and Ritchie’s (1993) tri-dimensional model’s dimensions. Results were examined against previous theories on DY. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the imagery of food tourism destinations held by Europeans and Asians tourists was carried out.FindingsResults show that DY processing, when triggered by a food tourism destination stimulus, leans towards the holistic dimension, which reinforces previous theories on the topic, such as the very definition of destination image (DI), as well as the role of food on destination image. Moreover, differences were found between the type of destinations and the imagery processed by European and Asian tourists.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a significant data set, which comprised 1,186 responses, representativeness within the research universe cannot be assured. Although relatively equivalent volumes of data were collected from each of the two continents, there are significant discrepancies among the proportions of respondents from different countries within those two groups. Additionally, our theoretical model requires further validation through hypothesis verification procedures. This work builds theory, rather than testing it. In this context, it opens a research avenue for future studies adopting a more positivistic philosophical stance to research, which could submit the theories provided here to the scrutiny of rigorous, hypothesis testing, quantitative methods.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an initial idea for destination managers about which aspects to highlight in their marketing campaigns. This particularly applies to destinations to which ethnic food is a relevant part of the tourist appeal, and whose managers intend to attract repeat visitors.Social implicationsThe present study’s findings imply a series of suggestions for tourism practitioners. First, they provide an initial idea for destination managers about which aspects to highlight in their marketing campaigns.Originality/valueThe present study represents a first initiative of building a theoretical model of food tourism destinations’ imagery processing. Findings also provide original theoretical contributions to the concept of DY and lead to relevant managerial insights, particularly, into destinations aiming at attracting repeat, food-oriented tourists.

Resident status influences perceptions about beach resource valuation and restoration

Sandy beaches represent typical destinations for recreation and tourism worldwide, as well as being a lifestyle for people living along the shore. In the Northeastern United States coastal environments are build-up and overexploited, threatening both ecosystem integrity and coastal communities. Following hurricane Sandy, the US government funded a number of restoration projects aimed at increasing resiliency of coastal ecosystems and human communities. In light of this, research about human perceptions and concerns during a restoration project was conducted to assist in planning and decision making for continued beach restoration and management, including monitoring avian resources. Objectives were to determine if there were differences among permanent coastal residents, part-time residents (summer), and non-residents (tourists) concerning visitation to the beach, knowledge about the restoration project, birds using the beach, and ratings of ecological resources and beach management options. There were no differences in knowledge of the bird species that were endangered nor in the conservation projects aimed at protecting birds as a function of resident status. People were aware of the roped-off nesting areas, but less aware of the conservation areas or even stewards on the beach. However, permanent residents were significantly more aware of the protective signage and that dogs were not allowed on the beach than others. Less than half of the people knew about the recent restoration project, and part-time residents were more aware of building up the dunes and creating nesting habitat, and less aware of dredging, beach replenishment and habitat restoration than other types of residents. When asked to rate different protection values, there were no differences for protecting the environment, but non-residents rated protecting birds, protecting endangered species, and providing conservation information to the public higher than others, and part-time residents rated predator control higher than others. This information can be used to target different segments of the beach-using community, particularly to residents on the importance of their local beach to protection of the environment, endangered species, and birds.

Destination Fascination and Destination Loyalty: Subjective Well-Being and Destination Attachment as Mediators

Following the Reasonable Person Model, this study examines the effects of destination fascination on subjective well-being and destination attachment as well as looking at the subsequent outcome of destination loyalty. A total of 936 responses were collected from tourists to national parks (302), forest recreational areas (300), and theme parks (334). The results of this study prove the effect of destination fascination on improving subjective well-being and destination attachment and shows the effects of subjective well-being and destination attachment on enhancing destination loyalty. Subjective well-being and destination attachment fully mediated effects from destination fascination to destination loyalty. Moreover, extensive validity of the proposed model was verified by engaging different destination types. The findings of this study enrich the base of knowledge about destination fascination in the tourism academy and contributes practical implications for destination management and marketing.