Types Of Data Sources Research Articles

Harmonizing Ecotourism In Indonesia: Balancing The Green Economy, Cultural Heritage, And Biodiversity

The literature review is intended to explore the dynamics of sustainable ecotourism in Indonesia by considering the balance between the green economy, socio-cultural dimensions and biodiversity conservation. We examine how ecotourism functions as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth while assessing its impact on local communities, cultural heritage, and the natural environment. This study underscores the importance of conserving and maintaining biodiversity in the context of ecotourism to maintain the balance of our ecosystem. Substantial analysis is carried out through an exploratory and observational approach to systematically and comprehensively evaluate various types of data sources from various sources from all over the world, including books, journals, research reports, and many other sources that are related to the field of tourism and especially ecotourism in Indonesia. It is hoped that the results can be used as a lens in evaluating the evolution, achievements and obstacles faced in sustainable ecotourism practices, including providing in-depth insight into the potential of ecotourism as a sustainable solution for economic prosperity, cultural preservation and biodiversity protection.

Wacana Komunikasi Politik Bagi Politisi Dalam Mempertahankan Eksistensinya Melalui Perspektif Forensik Komunikasi

This research aims to analyze the political communication discourse of the politician "Fahri Hamzah" in maintaining his existence. The paradigm used in this research is the constructivist paradigm. Using a qualitative approach, Teun Van Dijk's communication forensic discourse analysis method. The subject of this research is Fahri Hamzah as deputy general chairman of the Gelora party. The object of his research is his political statements. The data used in this research uses two types of data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation and a combination of the four. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques use data reduction, data display and data conclusion. The data validity technique uses source triangulation. Meanwhile, the theories used in this research are discourse analysis theory, forensic communication theory and social construction theory. Based on the research results, a conclusion was obtained about Fahri Hamzah's political discourse which is Philosophische Grondslag as a reference for politics. The characteristics of political communication are carried out up and down as well as vertically and horizontally. Fahri Hamzah manages politics with minimal motives of science-based pragmatism. In the future, with a consistent political tone, Fahri Hamzah can maintain his existence thereby providing many very good and positive political lessons for the people

Agriculture Data Platform – Institutional Data Repository – Selected Aspects

This paper presents selected aspects of a data platform to store agricultural data. It analyses the key user and system requirements for the data platform. The presented aspects were identified through a literature review, interviews and discussions with selected data experts and researchers and future users of the platform. The following issues of the data platform are discussed in the paper: architecture, data types, data source types, metadata, disciplinary interfaces, data sharing, data reusability, Open Science, FAIR data principles, and further data processing options. Part of the knowledge from this article was used in the design and implementation of the Institutional Data Repository called Data Management Platform (DaMP.) CZU (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague) (OPENAI, 2023).

Ship imaging trajectory extraction via an aggregated you only look once (YOLO) model

Maritime traffic community has paid a huge amount of focuses to establish maritime intelligent transportation infrastructure for the purpose of enhancing maritime traffic safety and efficiency. Maritime surveillance video is considered as a type of fundamental data sources for establishing intelligent maritime transportation infrastructure towards smart ship era. To that end, the study proposes an aggregated deep learning model-supported ship imaging trajectory extraction framework. The proposed framework starts by detecting ships from maritime images via a novel You Only Look Once (YOLO) model. More specifically, the proposed ship trajectory extraction framework obtains ship positions in a frame-by-frame manner via the proposed poly-YOLO module. Then, the proposed model maps ship positions in neighboring consecutive maritime images via an Enhanced Deep Sort (EDS) module. Experimental results suggest that the proposed ship trajectory extraction model achieves satisfactory performance due to that the average values of index multiple-object tracking accuracy (MOTa), recall rate (Rid) and index aggregated detection accuracy (Aggid) are larger than 89% (which outperform the comparison algorithms). The study can help varied maritime traffic participants obtain accurate on-site traffic situations in the smart ship era.

Carbon Tax Research Trend

This research focuses on mapping articles that discuss carbon tax published through sinta 1 and 2 accredited journals and scopus quartile 1 and 2. The purpose of this research is to explore more deeply about carbon tax research with a focus on business management and accounting in the 2015-2023 period. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a bibliometric approach. This bibliometric approach is used to determine the development of research topics related to carbon tax research trends. Research samples, journal names, publication years, research methods, types of research variables and research data sources are the basis for mapping in this study. This research also visualizes carbon tax keywords using VOSviewer software. The results found that the search for articles that discuss carbon tax research found 8 articles published from accredited journals Sinta 1 and Sinta 2 and 50 articles from journals indexed by Scopus quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile (Q2) . This study contributes to knowing the trend of scientific publications on carbon tax, and provides an opening for researchers in conducting future research by conducting deeper calculations related to the amount of carbon emissions and carbon tax involving subjectivity in disclosure assessment.

Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Antara Pasien dengan Tenaga Medis Dokter

The purpose of this study is to recognize and analyze the bond between doctors and sufferers in the perspective of customer protection law The type of research used in writing this law is normative legal research, with a research approach using legislation, concepts and types of data sources with secondary data and qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. Discussion: This study examines the relationship between doctors and patients in the perspective of consumer protection law, then about patient losses for medical acts in general, then will review the legal responsibility of doctors from consumer protection in civil terms. Conclusion: There is an asymmetric relationship between doctors and patients, and laws are needed that protect consumers. The responsibility of doctors, which has been regulated in the code of medical ethics, criminal responsibility can arise if it is proven that there are inappropriate acts.

Use of Learning Facilities on Students' Islamic Religious Education Learning Achievement in High School

Purpose of the study: Learning facilities are all the lessons students need in the learning process so that the learning process can run well, but in this research it only focuses on textbook learning facilities. This research aims to determine the learning achievement of Islamic Religious Education students in high school using textbooks.
 Methodology: The type of research used is field research with a qualitative approach, while the research design is qualitative descriptive research. The type of research and data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used include observation, interviews and documentation to obtain reported values.
 Main Findings: The results of this research show that the use of Islamic Religious Education learning process textbooks is very effective and the Islamic Religious Education learning achievement of class XI students in high school is in the very good category.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The integration of technology such as the use of learning software, educational applications, and interactive hardware in teaching Islamic Religious Education can provide a more interesting and effective learning experience for students. Leverage online resources such as instructional videos, interactive materials, and distance learning platforms to increase accessibility and variety in instruction.

The Effect of Remuneration and Work Motivation on Work Discipline and Performance of Notary Office Employees

The Effect of Remuneration and Work Motivation on Work Discipline and Performance of Notary Office Employees is a study that is within the scope of the HR Management space (Human Resources), aims to determine whether remuneration and work motivation affect work discipline and performance of notary office employees. The variables used consist of 4 (four) variables, namely the effect of remuneration (X1) work motivation (X2) which is an independent variable and work discipline (Y1) and employee performance (Y2) which is the dependent variable. Data collection methods include interviews and observations After the data is summarized, it is presented and conclusions are drawn. Using two types of data sources: secondary and primary. Methods such as interviews and observations are used to collect data. Presentation and drawing conclusions follow the summary of the facts.

The Middle-Out Approach to reconceptualizing, assessing, and analyzing traumatic stress reactions.

Alternative models of traumatic stress and broader psychopathology have been proposed to address issues of heterogeneity, comorbidity, clinical utility, and equitable representation. However, systematic and practical methods and guidelines to organize and apply these models remain scarce. The Middle-Out Approach is a novel, integrative, contextually informed framework for organizing and applying existing empirical methods to evaluate current and alternative traumatic stress reactions. Rather than beginning to identify traumatic stress reactions from the top-down (i.e., disorder-first approach) or bottom-up (i.e., symptom-first approach), constructs are evaluated from the middle out (i.e., presentation-first approach), unconstrained by higher-order disorders or lower-order diagnostic symptoms. This approach provides innovation over previous methods at multiple levels, including the conceptualization of traumatic stress reactions as well as the type of assessments and data sources used and how they are used in statistical analyses. Conceptualizations prioritize the identification of middle-order phenotypes, representing person-centered clinical presentations, which are informed by the integration of multidimensional, transdiagnostic, and multimodal (e.g., psychosocial, physiological) assessments and/or data sources. Integrated data are then analyzed concurrently using person-centered statistical models to identify precise, discrete, and representative health outcomes within broader heterogeneous samples. Subsequent variable-centered analyses are then used to identify culturally sensitive and contextually informed correlates of phenotypes, their clinical utility, and the differential composition within and between broader traumatic stress reactions. Examples from the moral injury literature are used to illustrate practical applications that may increase clinical utility and the accurate representation of health outcomes for diverse individuals and communities.

RWD40 Assessing the Representativeness of Body Mass Index Categories Across Multiple Types of Secondary Data Sources

RWD40 Assessing the Representativeness of Body Mass Index Categories Across Multiple Types of Secondary Data Sources

Augmentation of Real-World Mortality Data in the Electronic Medical Record: Assessing the Impact on Overall Survival Estimates in Multiple Myeloma

Introduction: Utilization of real-world data (RWD) has progressively grown as a valuable supplement to randomized clinical trials in the context of drug development. Overall survival (OS) is a critical measure for assessing treatment effectiveness. Nevertheless, due to the frequent incompleteness in mortality data in the real world, there is a potential for overestimating OS. RWD has facilitated substantial research on multiple myeloma (MM), the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy. Given the paramount importance of OS as a clinical outcome in hematology and oncology settings, ensuring the completeness of mortality data is of utmost significance. The purpose of this study was to assess how different types of RWD mortality data sources affect OS estimates among patients with MM. Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged ≥18 years with initial diagnosis of MM between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022. Excluded populations consisted of those with an initial diagnosis of one or more primary malignancies other than MM, non-melanoma skin cancer, and/or cervical carcinoma in situ, and follow-up time <30 days. The study population was derived from ConcertAI real-world electronic medical record (EMR)-based oncology data (ConcertAI RWD360 dataset), representing approximately 7.6 million cancer patients from community and academic oncology practices throughout the United States. Death information is available as captured in the EMR as well as through patient-level linkage from external sources including the Social Security Death Index (SSDI), obituary, and open claims. Patients were categorized based on their source of death date. One composite death date based on the hierarchical order of availability from EMR, SSDI, obituary, and open claims was generated. OS was defined from the time of initial diagnosis date of MM to date of death. Patients were censored at the last recorded clinical activity date. Kaplan-Meier (KM) methods and Log-Rank tests were used to estimate OS across different mortality source categories. Results: The study population included 49,541 patients (53.1% male, 61.0% white) with a median age of 68 years (range: 18, 88) at initial MM diagnosis. Median follow-up from diagnosis to death or censored date was 2.4 years (range: 0.1, 12.5). Distribution of deceased patients by year of diagnosis was similar between the four sources. The number and percentage of patients with death event and date in each source were: 12,599 (25.4%) from obituary, 11,734 (23.7%) from EMR, 5,453 (11.0%) from SSDI, and 4,972 (10.0%) from open claims. Upon hierarchical integration of death date from the individual sources, 19,909 (40.2%) patients had an event. Figure 1 and Table 1 present the KM OS results by the death sources. Conclusion: This study evaluated the completeness of death date from multiple sources and its impact on OS estimates for an EMR-selected MM patient population. Among the sources evaluated, EMR and obituary had the highest level of death information captured relative to SSDI and open claims. Highest completion of death date was achieved when EMR death date was integrated with external data from obituary, SSDI, and open claims, resulting in OS estimates that are consistent with previous knowledge on MM prognosis. Completeness in capture of mortality data is essential to generate reliable estimates of OS in real-world studies, and integration of death information from multiple sources is critical in achieving this augmentation.

Determinan Perilaku Opurtunistik Penyusunan Anggaran Pemerintah Propinsi di Indonesia

This research intends to examine the influence of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Funds (DAU), and Special Allocation Funds (DAK) toward Opportunistic Behavior of Budget Compilers in Provincial Governments in Indonesia. The research objects selected to be the research population are 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017-2021. The sampling technique was selected purposively with a total sample of 25 provinces in Indonesia. The type of study data source is in the form of secondary data those are Budget Realization Reports for each Provincial Government sourced from the BPK RI and expenditure information data based on functions contained on DJPK website. Multiple linear regression analysis is used as a method of analysis by applying the IBM SPSS version 29 program. The conclusions obtained from the research indicate that partially Regional Original Revenue effects Opportunistic Behavior in Budgeting, while General and Special Allocation Fund partially have no effect on Opportunistic Behavior in Budgeting. Meanwhile, together, Regional Original Revenue, General Allocation Fund, and Special Allocation Fund influence the Opportunistic Behavior of Budgeting. This research is limited to the provincial government level and only discusses the influence of PAD, DAU, and DAK on Opportunistic Behavior in Budget Preparation within a five-year period, therefore it would be better if further research to increase the quantity and variety of samples so the scope of research is wider. Apart from that, it is hoped that future researchers will be able to use other related variables so that other factors that might cause opportunistic behavior can be identified.

General Purpose Artificial Intelligence Systems (GPAIS): Properties, definition, taxonomy, societal implications and responsible governance

Most applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are designed for a confined and specific task. However, there are many scenarios that call for a more general AI, capable of solving a wide array of tasks without being specifically designed for them. The term General Purpose Artificial Intelligence Systems (GPAIS) has been defined to refer to these AI systems. To date, the possibility of an Artificial General Intelligence, powerful enough to perform any intellectual task as if it were human, or even improve it, has remained an aspiration, fiction, and considered a risk for our society. Whilst we might still be far from achieving that, GPAIS is a reality and sitting at the forefront of AI research.This work discusses existing definitions for GPAIS and proposes a new definition that allows for a gradual differentiation among types of GPAIS according to their properties and limitations. We distinguish between closed-world and open-world GPAIS, characterising their degree of autonomy and ability based on several factors such as adaptation to new tasks, competence in domains not intentionally trained for, ability to learn from few data, or proactive acknowledgement of their own limitations. We then propose a taxonomy of approaches to realise GPAIS, describing research trends such as the use of AI techniques to improve another AI (commonly referred to as AI-powered AI) or (single) foundation models. As a prime example, we delve into generative AI (GenAI), aligning them with the terms and concepts presented in the taxonomy. Similarly, we explore the challenges and prospects of multi-modality, which involves fusing various types of data sources to expand the capabilities of GPAIS. Through the proposed definition and taxonomy, our aim is to facilitate research collaboration across different areas that are tackling general purpose tasks, as they share many common aspects. Finally, with the goal of providing a holistic view of GPAIS, we discuss the current state of GPAIS, its prospects, implications for our society, and the need for regulation and governance of GPAIS to ensure their responsible and trustworthy development.

Fulfillment employment rights for individuals with disabilities in Surabaya

This research is a type of socio-legal research with a qualitative approach that, in collecting data, uses two types of data sources: primary from interviews with informants and secondary obtained from reading book searches and product analysis of applicable laws and regulations related to persons with disabilities. This study aims to determine the extent to which the fulfillment of the right to work for persons with disabilities has been carried out in the City of Surabaya by the City Government through the performance of authorized regional institutions and the underlying legal products. This research is a topic that is quite important and has urgency today because, considering the increasingly rapid current of modernization now, it does not necessarily improve the quality of fulfilling human rights (HAM), especially for people with disabilities, who often receive discrimination from the surrounding environment, especially in the field of work. In the field of work, persons with disabilities have the same rights as non-disabled workers, as explained in the 1945 NRI Constitution Article 28D Paragraph (2). A derivative of the reading of the Article of the Constitution is in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, which also discusses employment rights for persons with disabilities. In the future, Local Regulation to protect disabled persons is needed.

Landscape review of global real-world data sources for studying medication use in pregnancy and lactation that support regulatory decision making.

Most pregnant people take at least one medication during gestation or while breastfeeding, however data are lacking on the safety of medication use in these populations. We conducted a landscape review of real-world data sources specific to medication use in pregnancy and breastfeeding populations that have met, or have potential to meet, health authorities' requirements for post-authorization safety studies. A 2-phase approach identified data sources from literature, publicly available registers of non-interventional post-authorization studies of pregnant women, existing database inventories, and emerging data sources known to the authors. Required key attributes were assessed according to current regulatory guidance, resulting in selection of 49 suitable data sources. All global regions were represented, with North America (37%) and Europe (33%) most common; 12% of the data sources included pregnancy information from low-to middle-income countries. Administrative healthcare claims (25%) and electronic healthcare records (21%) comprised the largest types of data sources. Across data sources, 53% were managed by national or regional governments, 27% by industry, and 20% by academic institutions. Maternal age, diagnoses, prenatal care, and reproductive history were available in most, whereas fewer included demographic data (e.g., race/ethnicity). Breastfeeding data were collected in 37% of the final data sources. We conducted a systematic approach to data source evaluation of pregnancy and breastfeeding to be used as a resource for investigators to consider when designing pregnancy-related research studies to satisfy regulatory requirements.

Influence of Visual Media and Interest in Learning on Student Learning Outcomes in Social Sciences Subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Bunta

Education is one of the keys to nation development. Education must be carried out as fully as possible to achieve the expected goals. Formulation of the problem in the research. What is the description of visual media in social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Bunta? Negeri 1 Bunta. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of visual media and interest in learning on student learning outcomes in social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Bunta. This research method uses a survey method with a quantitative descriptive research type. The types of data and data sources used in the research are primary and secondary data . Primary sources are data sources that directly provide data to data collectors, and secondary sources are sources that do not directly provide data to data collectors, for example through other people or through documents. Furthermore, when viewed in terms of data collection methods or techniques, data collection techniques can be carried out by observation, interviews, documentation. The results of the research are that there is a significant influence between visual media and students' learning interest simultaneously on student learning outcomes.

Evaluation of a Digital Decision Support System to Integrate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis Care: Case-Vignette Study in Simulated Environments.

As highlighted by the recent World Health Organization Oral Health Resolution, there is an urgent need to better integrate primary and oral health care. Despite evidence and guidelines substantiating the relevance of integrating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis care, the fragmentation of primary and oral health care persists. This paper reports on the evaluation of a prototype digital decision support system (DSS) that was developed to enhance the integration of T2DM and periodontitis care. The effects of the prototype DSS were assessed in web-based simulated environments, using 2 different sets of case vignettes in combination with evaluation surveys among 202 general dental practitioners (GDPs) and 206 general practitioners (GPs). Each participant evaluated 3 vignettes, one of which, chosen at random, was assisted by the DSS. Logistic regression analyses were conducted at the participant and case levels. Under DSS assistance, GPs had 8.3 (95% CI 4.32-16.03) times higher odds of recommending a GDP visit. There was no significant impact of DSS assistance on GP advice about common risk factors for T2DM and periodontal disease. GDPs had 4.3 (95% CI 2.08-9.04) times higher odds of recommending a GP visit, 1.6 (95% CI 1.03-2.33) times higher odds of giving advice on disease correlations, and 3.2 (95% CI 1.63-6.35) times higher odds of asking patients about their glycated hemoglobin value. The findings of this study provide a proof of concept for a digital DSS to integrate T2DM and periodontal care. Future updating and testing is warranted to continuously enhance the functionalities of the DSS in terms of interoperability with various types of data sources and diagnostic devices; incorporation of other (oral) health dimensions; application in various settings, including via telemedicine; and further customization of end-user interfaces.

Managing the supply chain disruption of essential commodities supply in health care systems during emergency Lagos state, Nigeria

2019 birthed the Coronavirus endemic in China and in 2020, it became an established pandemic across the world. While supply chain analysts had predicted a disruption to the flow of commodities across all sectors, curiosity and concern led us to study the effect of disruptions such as Covid-19 on the supply chain of essential commodities in Africa precisely Lagos, Nigeria. The two types of data sources utilized were; the primary source and secondary sources of data. The data collected was collated and analysed using 2016 Microsoft excel sheet and Statistical Products and Services Solution (SPSS 25.0.0.0) for data analysis. The interview with pharmaceuticals company representative, suggested hiccups in the distribution of vaccines by a major pharmaceutical company to their respective customers. The Covid-19 situation and the necessary lockdown in Lagos state caused a slight disruption in the availability and distribution of essential commodities across the state, the major issues were the lack of a means of accessing transportation to health care facilities and the increment in the price of medicines. While most pharmaceuticals and health service delivery points were not prepared to curb the impact of the emergency situation. In this regard, pharmaceutical companies should ensure flexibility in supply chain by creating supply chain emergency plans, the government should look into establishing a drug bank for essential commodities in the state, while last mile service deliveries should employ the use of telemedicine and patient home delivery services.

Hidden beauty of honeymoon beach: a potential attraction for tourists (a review of a tourism object)

Hidden beauty of Honeymoon Beach becomes a potential attraction for tourists, in this paper the purpose of choosing a Honeymoon Beach is because you want to review more deeply about the beach where it is hidden and rarely visited by tourists. It is important that we can preserve the natural beauty that is on the Honeymoon Beach so that the Honeymoon Beach is also known by many tourists and also the Honeymoon Beach can be managed as a tourist attraction like other beaches. The method used in this writing is a qualitative method, the author conducts research with observation, document analysis and focus group discussion. The type of data source obtained by the author is secondary data that comes from online media such as the internet in the form of news articles, photos, and others. Based on the results of data collection that has been carried out the result is about what are the important factors that cause this beach to have its own uniqueness. Among them are hidden beaches and coral caves which are the center of attention. Beside that the obstacles or challenges faced by the author in terms of location observation and also the weather where should this beach be paid more attention because the road access to this beach is still minimal and quite extreme so it needs more attention. So, the author wants to review more about the honeymoon beach considering its considerable potential to become a new tourist destination in Bali, especially in the Jimbaran area that deserves to be introduced to the public.

Population health differences in cross-border regions within the European Union and Schengen area: a protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionAlong with European integration and the harmonisation of living conditions, improvements in health have been observed over the past decades. However, sociospatial inequalities within and across member states still exist...