Types Of Connections Research Articles

PATH-39. INTERPRETABLE IDH CLASSIFICATION FROM H&E-STAINED HISTOLOGY SLIDES

Abstract BACKGROUND Infiltrating gliomas are the most common primary adult brain tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a key driver of gliomagenesis in 25–30% of infiltrating gliomas and correlates with favorable prognosis when compared with the histologically-similar but biologically-distinct IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. We sought an interpretable computational pipeline to predict IDH status from digitized histopathology glioma sections (Whole Slide Images - WSI) and identify associated cell-level morphology. Materials and METHODS We identify 799/1122 TCGA-GBM and TCGA-LGG tumors (1534 WSIs) with available IDH status. 379 of these tumors (756 WSI) are IDH-wildtype and 420 tumors (778 WSI) are IDH-mutant. Each H&E-stained WSI undergoes comprehensive curation to remove artifactual content before classification. Our interpretability mechanism is based on weakly-supervised attention-based multiple-instance-learning. IDH-associated morphology in each WSI is evaluated by a HoverNet model from the 50 highest-attention tiles. Classification performance was assessed using 10-fold cross-validation, with training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10%) sets stratified on the patient/tumor level, without controlling for grade. An additional out-of-sample hold-out test set of 82 IDH-wildtype and 32 IDH-mutant tumors from the University of Pennsylvania Health System was further used for independent evaluation. RESULTS Quantitative performance evaluation revealed AUC=0.92 and Balanced Accuracy=0.84 on the TCGA test set, and AUC=0.88 and Balanced Accuracy=0.80 on the independent hold-out UPenn set. When comparing identified IDH-wildtype with IDH-mutant tumors (and while excluding glioblastoma with lower-grade histology), the former shows significantly (p< 0.00005) higher distribution of neoplastic and necrotic cells and significantly (p< 0.00003) lower distribution of inflammatory and connective cell type tissue. CONCLUSION Histological prediction of IDH status represented an ideal prototype to interrogate WSI towards identifying clinically-relevant tumor biomarkers. Detailed interpretation of results reveals computational predictions being driven by human-identifiable features at the patch level. This study robustly identifies morpho-IDH correlates and could enable further prognostic refinement of patients.

An analysis of actors participating in the design and implementation of workplace breastfeeding interventions in Mexico using the NetMap analysis approach.

While breastfeeding is recognized as providing optimal nutrition for infants and toddlers, maternal employment is a commonly mentioned barrier to breastfeeding. The goal was to (a) identify key actors participating in the design and implementation of workplace breastfeeding interventions in Mexico, (b) understand the complexity of interactions between the actors, and (c) map the connections and influence between the actors when looking into networks of Advice, Command, Funding, and Information. Following the NetMap methodology, a total of 11 semi-structured interviews with 12 interview partners from 10 organizations were conducted. Interview data were analyzed, and networks were analyzed and visualized, using a social network mapping software. A total of 83 actors from five different actor groups were identified. Four networks were constructed along the four types of connections: Advice, Command, Funding, and Information. The actors were connected by 580 connections with 446 unique links. Based on various network statistics, the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the Mexican Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare, UNICEF, and the Mexican Secretary of Health were identified to be key actors. To increase the likelihood of success of workplace breastfeeding interventions, the role of the actors "Employers" and "Women" needs to expand. They should be actively involved in the decision-making process, together with the identified key actors. It is further recommended to re-introduce a national breastfeeding strategy for Mexico that includes policies for workplace breastfeeding interventions.

Maritime Network Analysis Based on Geographic Information System for Water Supply Using Shipboard Seawater Desalination System

Small islands are supplied with water from underground sources, simple seawater desalination facilities, or water supply shipment. However, this water supply can be interrupted because of the sudden depletion of groundwater, as groundwater level prediction is inaccurate. Additionally, seawater desalination facilities are difficult to maintain, resulting in frequent breakdowns. When the water tank capacity is below a certain level, island residents contact the water supply shipment manager to request a shipment from land. In Korea, a seawater desalination plant project using ships was newly attempted to solve the water supply problem for island regions. Through this project, an attempt was made to supply water to many island areas suffering water supply disruptions due to drought. The purpose of this study is to compare water supply routes to multiple island regions using existing water supply shipment with desalination plants on ships through network analysis based on a geographic information system. To optimize sailing route, length (m), road connection type, and name of each road section, actual operation data, distance, etc., were set up on a network dataset and analyzed. In addition, the operational model predicted the stability of water supply using the GoldSim simulator. As a result, when sailing on the optimal route based on network analysis, the existing water supply routes could be reduced (2153 km -> 968 km) by more than 55%, and operational costs can be verified to be reduced. Additionally, the validity of the network analysis results was confirmed through actual travel of the representative route.

An experimental study on the effect of thickness and connection type of precast ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete plates on the load–deflection capacity of one-way concrete slabs

This experimental research addressed the reinforcement of one-way concrete slabs using ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (UHPFRGC) based on ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and silica fume. So, five 1000*300*70 mm one-way slabs were fabricated by uniform mix design. One slab was selected as the control specimen, and the other specimens were reinforced by 25-mm and 35-mm thick precast ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete plates (PUHPFRGCP). The precast plates were connected to the tensile zone of the slab once with ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGC) and the other time with epoxy adhesive. The results revealed that the use of 25-mm thick PUHPFRGCS increased their bearing capacity and reduced their deflection significantly. Increasing the plate thickness to 35 mm prevented the slab and plate from acting in an integrated manner and significant debonding was observed in some parts between the slab and the plate, so the bearing capacity did not significantly increase in these specimens. Also, debonding was responsible for failure in none of the specimens. Finally, the specimen that was reinforced with the 25-mm plate and connected to the slab with epoxy adhesive was promising for structural applications.

Numerical-Computational Model for Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis of Frames With Semi-Rigid Connection Considering the Damping Effect

Objective: the scope of this work is to present a numerical-computational model for transient dynamic nonlinear analysis of frames with geometric nonlinearity and semi-rigid connection. Methodology: the equation of motion, which describes the structural dynamical system, is solved by the a-Generalized direct integration method associated with the standard Newton-Raphson method. The structures are discretized through the co-rotational formulation of the Finite Element Method considering the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The semi-rigid connection of structural members (beam-column and beam-support) is simulated by a connection element with zero length, which is described in terms of axial, translational and rotational stiffness. Results and conclusion: From the numerical results of three structural systems (bi-fixed beam, L-shaped frame, and single-story frame) obtained with the free Scilab program, it is concluded that the definition of the type of connection is an important factor to be considered in the analysis of frames subjected to dynamic loads. Furthermore, structural damping, which is a measure of energy dissipation, drives the structure from a vibrating state to a resting state. Research implications: Structural Engineering has been designing systems that cannot be analyzed and dimensioned without dynamic effects being considered. lack of knowledge of the levels and characteristics of the dynamic response can lead to system failure during the application of repetitive loading due to accumulation of structural damage. In this sense, the numerical model can represent a valuable engineering tool when it comes to the dynamic analysis of plane metallic structures with geometric nonlinearity.

Influences of Online Learning on Social Loafing

This study was conducted to explore the Influences of Online Learning on Social Loafing. Since the pandemic, online learning has become more popular, and students have been exposed to various cooperative and collaborative learning exercises. These group activities are not usually well-liked by students. Students who work in groups face various challenges, such as personal conflicts, unequal effort, scheduling, and others. This study utilized the qualitative research method. This study's sixteen (16) participants were selected through purposive sampling. The researcher's semi-structured interview guide was used in data gathering through interviews. The thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke was used to analyze the qualitative data. Ten (10) emergent themes were established from the participants' responses, classified under three (3) overarching themes that provided answers to sub-problems. The emergent themes were extracted from the significant statements of the key participants. For the description of the participants on their experiences during online learning, the overarching theme, Experience of the Participants of Social Loafing in an Online Learning, has three (3) emergent themes that were classified as Relying on the group leaders; Absence of collaboration; Poor Prioritization. The Factors of Online Learning that Contribute to Social Loafing has four (4) emergent themes that were classified: Group size, Internet Connectivity issue, Digital distractions, and Types of Leaders, while the Implications of the Participants' Contribution to Social Loafing in Online Learning has three (3) emergent themes that were classified as Affecting Group's Quality of Performance and Grades; Affecting Mental Health; Affecting groups relationship. The study's findings and recommendations were used to improve the issues encountered during online learning on social loafing.

Non-linear component-based modelling strategy for beam-to-column steel-concrete composite joints under seismic loads

This paper proposes and validates a computationally efficient, non-linear numerical macro-modelling strategy to predict and assess the global and local response of steel-concrete composite joints, when subjected to seismic loads. The reference numerical model takes the form of a component-based strategy in which each component can be efficiently characterized in resistance and stiffness terms, and each constituent material has a typical non-linear behaviour with hysteresis (Takeda model for concrete, Pivot model the T-stub components and kinematic model for all the other steel members). The major advantage is the possibility to adapt the same unified modelling strategy to different configurations of steel-concrete composite joints, which may differ for geometrical and mechanical configurations of constituent members, position of joint (i.e., interior or exterior), connection type (welded or bolted), etc. As shown, due to the presented modelling approach, even under simplified assumptions, a rather close agreement is generally found between the present numerical predictions and the cyclic response of a selection of three different steel-concrete composite joints of literature, which have been investigated on full-scale experimental configurations. Most importantly, the contribution of steel members and the concrete slab can be efficiently taken into account, and allow to develop the typical mechanisms in which the slab itself is involved for the complex performance of composite frames under seismic events.

Experimental Study on Behavior of Precast UHPC Beam-Column Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading

Ultra-performance concrete (UHPC) is a new material with many outstanding features such as compressive and tensile strength that are both very high compared to conventional concrete. In precast reinforced concrete structures, the beam-column joint is one of the most important parts. In this type of connection, the beam is connected to the column through post-tensioned prestressing steel bars (PC bars), making the connection resistant to bending moments as well as shear forces. This paper presents the behavior of this type of connection under the effect of seismic loads on the following criteria: flexural resistance, moment-rotational relationship, change of PC bars’ prestress during and after cyclic loading.

Investigation of Parameters Affecting Rotational Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Connection

This study aims to understand the behavior of connection, which holds an important key to efficient designs of the cold-formed steel structure. The focus is on examining parameters that affect the rotational stiffness and behavior of the cold-formed steel connection made of single-lipped channel sections with a bolt and gusset plate system. The numerical study has been conducted using component-based finite element analysis, with the studied parameters including bolt diameters, number of bolts in the group, size of the bolt group, thickness of the cold-formed steel cross-section, and thickness of the connecting plate. The effect of the variables is evaluated and explained by comparison. The result of the study reveals that the rotational behavior of the connection depends on the details of the assembly. For the given base connection, the parameters that give the greatest effect on the rotation stiffness and the moment capacity are the number of bolts and the bolt diameters, whereas the parameter that provides the least effect is the bolt spacing. On the other hand, the bolt group size is the most influential parameter for the member connection. For both types of connections, the thickness of the cold-formed steel section and the thickness of the gusset plate have shown limited effect on stiffness and strength. Using different variables in assembling the connection can also lead to different failure types, either bolt failure or excessive bolt hole deformation, which leads to plate failure. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-08 Full Text: PDF

ADVANTAGES OF USING THE MORSE TAPER SYSTEM IN IMPLANT-BASED REHABILITATIVE TREATMENTS: a narrative literature review

The objective of this study was to describe, through a narrative review of the literature, indications, advantages and comparative study of the morse cone system. The appropriate choice of an implant system, considering its geometry and other factors, is crucial for the success of rehabilitative treatments. Dental implants offer a favorable solution for enhancing the masticatory function, aesthetics, and oral health of patients with missing teeth. This research was based on a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, grounded in bibliographic analysis. Dental implants have various applications and are suitable for patients who have lost some or all of their teeth. In this study, the applications and uses of implants with the Morse Taper platform, examining both their indications and contraindications, as well as comparing them with implants of other connection types. Therefore, the Morse Taper system stands out as a highly beneficial solution for oral rehabilitations. Through its precise conical fit, it provides significant advantages for implant procedures.

Factors Enhancing Students’ Views on Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now one of the most important and contemporary directions of development of science in an interdisciplinary context. The EU’s approach to artificial intelligence centres on excellence and trust, aiming to boost research and industrial capacity while ensuring safety and fundamental rights (A European approach to artificial intelligence). Strengthening the fostering excellence in AI will strengthen Europe’s potential to compete globally. Simultaneously not yet solved are a lot of challenges and issues. The problem raised in the article is to explore and analyse computer science and education students’ attitude to educational, social, and ethical aspects of AI implementation. The purpose is to discover and analyse computer science students and pedagogical attitude towards education, social-, and ethical aspects of AI implementation. Students of two faculties of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, were asked to respond to a survey. They were mainly students of two specializations – Computer Science and Pedagogy. As many as 103 students have been surveyed. The Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for verification. The main issues studied were the students’ level of competence in AI, their awareness of AI applications in various areas of life and economy, and the importance of the AI field. The study also included the level of confidence towards AI and the level of anxiety towards AI. Various types of dependencies and connections between these aspects were investigated. The hypotheses were mostly confirmed. Finally, the article presents the discussion and main conclusions.

The Effects of Corrosion and Fire Damage on the Steel-Bolted T-Section Connections Used in the Steel Construction.

The most common type of connection in steel structures is the T-section connection. Steel structures can be damaged due to environmental effects such as earthquakes, fires, corrosion, etc., in real applications used in industry. Therefore, in this study, the corrosion and fire condition effects that occur in the T-section connection on the behavior of the connection zone were investigated. The study was carried out with 18 T-section connections with various corrosion (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) in different layers at 5, 10, 15, and 20% corrosion levels, and fire (ISO834) conditions after corrosion have been evaluated and compared. T-section-bolted joints examined in the study were produced using IPE300 standard profiles. In the first part of the study, the behavior of the 18 T-section connections under an axial tensile load has been determined experimentally. The second part created a finite element model with the ABAQUS program for all models. It was seen that the finite element model analysis results converged with the results obtained as a result of the experimental study. As a result, compared to H2SO4 corrosion, HCl corrosion has little effect on the load-deformation characteristics of the connections. Also, if corrosion specimens are exposed to fire, then the connections will change from semirigid to hinged.

The effect of friction spot stir welding in installing rivet double cover lap joints on 7075–T6 aluminum plate on shear strength

FSSW is a variation of FSW developed in metal processes. The principle of FSSW is rotating an object that is wear-resistant and then rubbed with a plate joint. The use of FSSW can be utilized in the installation of rivets such as in the drilling process, so this process needs to be investigated. This is because the heat caused by rotation will change the mechanical properties of the material so further research is needed. In this study, a connection performance comparison was made between the FSSW method and the drill. The plate used is aluminum 7075-T6 with a lap joint connection type. To find out each performance, a shear test, hardness test, and metallographic test were carried out. From the results of the shear strength test, it can be concluded that the FSSW variation is the best with an average shear strength value of 755,190 MPa, while the drill variation has an average shear strength value of 470,227 MPa. The average value for drill variations in the HAZ area was 185.06 while for the FSSW variation, it only reached 147.75. The macro test results proved that the cause of the shear strength in the FSSW was greater than that of the drill, this was caused by the difference in the size of the rivet diameter due to the use of a bad rivet gun. Meanwhile, based on the results of micro photos, the size of the structure in the HAZ area will be relatively longer than the RAW section, this is caused by friction between the tool and the workpiece

Automated Remodelling of Connectors in Fixed Partial Dentures.

In this study, an approach for automated parametric remodelling of the connector cross-sectional area in a CAD model of a given fixed partial denture (FPD) geometry was developed and then applied to a 4-unit FPD. The remodelling algorithm was implemented using Rhinoceros and the Grasshopper plugin. The generated CAD models were used to perform a finite element analysis with Ansys to analyse the stress distribution in an implant-supported 4-unit FPD for different connector designs. The results showed that the type of connector adjustment matters and that the resulting stress can be significantly different even for connectors with the same cross-sectional area. For tensile stresses, a reduction in the connector cross-sectional area from the gingival side showed the highest influence on each connector type. It can be concluded that the developed algorithm is suitable for automatic connector detection and adjustment.

Study Of Various Types Of Pvd And Ph.D. Joints On Vertical Drainage Performance

An important factor for increasing the effectiveness of the PVD (Prefabricated Vertical Drains) is the value of sufficient discharge capacity so that the PVD can work optimally. The use of PVD is usually accompanied by the use of PHD (Prefabricated Horizontal Drains) as horizontal drainage and combined with preloading. In the field, the connection is made by winding the PVD to the PHD and then tying it with cable ties. The connection system can cause deformation at the top of the PVD thereby reducing the effectiveness of the PVD discharge capacity. This study aims to find the optimal PVD-PHD connection system for the discharge capacity which is affected by confinement pressure, overburden pressure, and hydraulic gradient with a PVD-PHD connection system discharge capacity tester. The test specimens used were PVD (5mm thick; 100mm wide) and Ph.D. (20 mm thick; wide: 100 mm, 200mm, and 300mm). 4 types of connection systems have been tried, namely connections A1 and A2 where the PHD is connected in a horizontal position, and connections B1 and B2 where the PHD is connected in a vertical position. Of the four connection systems B1, the connection system has the largest discharge capacity value and a significant increase in PHD width from 100 mm to 300 mm with an increase of 7.694% at 50 kPa overburden pressure and 1.0 hydraulic gradient the highest compared to other connection types

Understanding the Feature Space and Decision Boundaries of Commercial WAFs Using Maximum Entropy in the Mean.

The security of a network requires the correct identification and characterization of the attacks through its ports. This involves the follow-up of all the requests for access to the networks by all kinds of users. We consider the frequency of connections and the type of connections to a network, and determine their joint probability. This leads to the problem of determining a joint probability distribution from the knowledge of its marginals in the presence of errors of measurement. Mathematically, this consists of an ill-posed linear problem with convex constraints, which we solved by the method of maximum entropy in the mean. This procedure is flexible enough to accommodate errors in the data in a natural way. Also, the procedure is model-free and, hence, it does not require fitting unknown parameters.

Phraseological nomination in the terminological system of international law: semantic cognitive approach

The article considers the types of phraseological nominations of the terminological system of international law, and also determines the type of connection between the components in their structure. The relevance of the work stems from the need to develop the professional language of international relations, which is one of the most important social areas of legal regulation. The study of terminological units as part of the terminological system of international law in the cognitive aspect allows to establish the prerequisites leading to the method of verbalization of professional knowledge in this area. Connecting the term with real-life realities helps to understand the thought process of the actor who chose the nomination. The terminology of international law, developed taking into account the rapidly changing reality, contributes to the effective solution of the tasks faced by specialists in the field of interstate interactions. Phraseologisms are recognized as a special form of terminological nomination. The problem of interpretation of term- phraseological units is caused by the specificity of lexical units, which combine in their semantics, on the one hand, features of phraseological units, and on the other hand, professional lexicon. The combination leads to the representation of professionally relevant information by combining ordinary (contained in phraseological units) and professional knowledge. With the help of the methods of definitional analysis and component analysis, it was possible to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the semantic structure of term-phraseological units of international law, as well as to reveal the connections of various types of knowledge in it. Phraseological terms of international law are formed by means of three models, where the components in the structure of phraseological units enter into various types of relations: association, intersection, imposition. At the same time, the most frequent type of communication is the combination of professional and common knowledge in the structure of terms-phraseology. The conceptual analysis showed the presence in the professional lexicon of international law units, formed by means of a visual-image perception of an object or phenomenon, which indicates the absence of a clear boundary between two types of knowledge – ordinary and professional.

A Feasibility Study on the Lateral Behavior of a 3D-Printed Column for Application in a Wind Turbine Tower

Although 3D printing technology has been applied worldwide, the problem of connecting a printed structure and a foundation has rarely been examined. In particular, loads in the horizontal direction, such as wind loads and earthquake loads, can significantly affect the stability of a printed structure. Therefore, in this study, the effect of lateral loads on printed columns that were connected to a foundation by two types of connectors was investigated. A steel angle with bolts and couplers was used to connect the printed column to a concrete footing. In addition, two types of lateral reinforcement were applied to the printed column to enhance its bonding strength and shear resistance. The lateral reinforcements were attached to the interface of the printed layers at distances of 100 and 200 mm to investigate the effect of lateral reinforcement distance on the lateral behavior of the printed column. The results showed that the use of couplers as connections between the columns and foundation significantly improved the load capacity. Furthermore, the effects of the lateral reinforcement types and lateral reinforcement distances were assessed.

Model Oluşturma Etkinliklerinde Matematiksel İlişkilendirmelerin Belirlenmesi: Tasarımcı Olarak Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarıyla Bir Durum Çalışması

This paper aimed to explore mathematical connections that pre-service elementary mathematics teachers identified in model-eliciting activities that they designed. The study used a qualitative, in-depth exploratory case study approach conducted with a total of 42 undergraduate students selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected from mathematical modeling problems prepared by pre-service mathematics teachers and from written assignments in which pre-service teachers evaluated their problems in terms of mathematical connections. Data analysis utilized open coding to identify and label common patterns thematically. Results showed that most of the problems designed were consistent with the principles of the model-eliciting activities. A cross-case analysis of model-eliciting activities revealed that four types of mathematical connections were identified: (i) connections to real-world situations, (ii) connections between mathematical concepts, (iii) connections between different modes of representation, and (iv) connections to other disciplines. The mathematical connections identified in the modeling activities did not seem to be mutually exclusive, but rather supportive and sometimes overlapping. Pre-service mathematics teachers’ identification of mathematical connections in modeling problems reflects both their awareness of mathematical connections and their perception that the skills required for the mathematical modeling process are directly related to mathematical connection skills. Therefore, it is important that pre-service mathematics teachers have a comprehensive understanding of mathematical connections and believe that this is an essential element of the modeling process so that the various dimensions of mathematical connections, along with relevant mathematical, pedagogical, and curricular knowledge, can be effectively integrated into model-eliciting activities.

Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures with Posterior Cantilevers: In Vitro Study of Mechanical Behavior.

Rehabilitation with dental implants is not always possible due to the lack of bone quality or quantity, in many cases due to bone atrophy or the morbidity of regenerative treatments. We find ourselves in situations of performing dental prostheses with cantilevers in order to rehabilitate our patients, thus simplifying the treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical behavior of four types of fixed partial dentures with posterior cantilevers on two dental implants (convergent collar and transmucosal internal connection) through an in vitro study (compressive loading and cyclic loading). This study comprised four groups (n = 76): in Group 1, the prosthesis was screwed directly to the implant platform (DS; n = 19); in Group 2, the prosthesis was screwed to the telescopic interface on the implant head (INS; n = 19); in Group 3, the prosthesis was cemented to the telescopic abutment (INC; n = 19); and in Group 4, the prosthesis was cemented to the abutment (DC; n = 19). The sets were subjected to a cyclic loading test (80 N load for 240,000 cycles) and compressive loading test (100 KN load at a displacement rate of 0.5 mm/min), applying the load until failure occurred to any of the components at the abutment-prosthesis-implant interface. Subsequently, an optical microscopy analysis was performed to obtain more data on what had occurred in each group. Results: Group 1 (direct screw-retained prosthesis, DS) obtained the highest mean strength value of 663.5 ± 196.0 N. The other three groups were very homogeneous: 428.4 ± 63.1 N for Group 2 (INS), 486.7 ± 67.8 N for Group 3 (INC), and 458.9 ± 38.9 N for Group 4 (DC). The mean strength was significantly dependent on the type of connection (p < 0.001), and this difference was similar for all of the test conditions (cyclic and compressive loading) (p = 0.689). Implant-borne prostheses with convergent collars and transmucosal internal connections with posterior cantilevers screwed directly to the implant connection are a good solution in cases where implant placement cannot avoid extensions.