Type Of Cohabitation Research Articles

Impact of pregnancy on women’s health-related lifestyle habits: Diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking

ObjectivesTo explore health-related lifestyles in women before and during pregnancy, and to determine the potential differences between both and the relevant factors. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional observational study including 348 women with a child <5 years of age was conducted in six health areas. The following variables were recorded: sociodemographic (age, educational level, marital status, social class, type of cohabitation, nationality), health-related habits (physical activity, diet, tobacco use, alcohol consumption), health conditions, and medication intake. ResultsFour lifestyle habits were compared between the pre-conception and pregnancy periods: diet, physical activity, and alcohol and tobacco use. The proportion of women who consumed alcohol (42.8 % vs 3.4 %) or smoked (19.3 % vs 12.4 %) was significantly higher before conception (p < 0.01). Conversely, the proportion of inactive women was lower before pregnancy, with 23.3 % (CI95%: 18.7–27.9) formerly classified as active versus 35.3 % (CI95%: 30.2–40.5) (p < 0.01). Similarly, adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased during pregnancy (62.9 % vs 75.0 %; p < 0.01). Furthermore, 53.2 % (CI95%: 47.8–58.5) of women reported a change from non-healthy to healthy in at least one of the evaluated habits. Logistic regression analyses revealed the variables associated with a positive change, which were being national Spanish (OR: 6.9) and experiencing the first pregnancy (OR: 1.8). ConclusionsThe lifestyles of women undergo changes between the pre-gestation and pregnancy periods. However, such variations do not affect all health-related habits similarly. A positive change was observed in diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking habit, whereas pregnancy negatively impacted on physical activity and sedentary behaviours.

Social Loneliness in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Predictive Factors and Associated Clinical Characteristics.

Loneliness and social isolation are considered public health problems among older individuals. In addition, both increase the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia. The Social Loneliness construct has been proposed to refer to these harmful social interaction-related factors. To define the risk factors of Social Loneliness in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to analyze cognitive, emotional, and functional differences according to the participant's degree of Social Loneliness. Through convenience sampling, 105 participants over 60 diagnosed with MCI were selected. The evaluation consisted of anamnesis and a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. The ESTE-II questionnaire was used to assess Social Loneliness and its three factors: perceived social support, social participation, and use of communication technologies. Personality was measured with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. The predictors of the Social Loneliness factors were as follows; 1) perceived social support (R2 = 0.33): Neuroticism (β= 0.353), depression (β= 0.205), and perceived health (β= 0.133); 2) social participation (R2 = 0.24): Conscientiousness (β= -0.344) and Extraversion (β= -0.263); 3) use of communication technologies (R2 = 0.44): age (β= 0.409), type of cohabitation (β= 0.331), cognitive reserve (β= -0.303), and Conscientiousness (β= -0.247); all p < 0.05. The participants with a higher degree of Social Loneliness showed more depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.133), more memory complaints (R2 = 0.086), worse perceived health (R2 = 0.147), lower attentional performance/processing speed (R2 = 0.094), and more naming difficulties (R2 = 0.132); all p < 0.05. This research represents an advance in detecting individuals with MCI and an increased risk of developing Social Loneliness, which influences the configuration of the clinical profile of MCI.

청년층의 동거 경험 및 동거 수용성과 결혼 의향의 관련성

This study aims to explore the experience and acceptance of cohabitation among young adults and to examine the relationship between the experience and acceptance of cohabitation and marriage intention. Using online survey data of 446 young adults aged 25 to 39 living in metropolitan cities, we conducted descriptive analysis, logistic regression, OLS regression, and multinomial logistic regression. The results show that one out of ten young adults have been in cohabiting living situations. This study measured cohabitation attitudes by asking how strongly the respondents would agree on three types of cohabitation. We found that acceptance as a marriage process was ranked the highest followed by cohabitation as marriage alternative and acceptance of partner’s previous cohabitation. The cohabitation experience and attitudes were related to gender, age, and child-related values. Cohabitation experience was not associated with marriage intention but cohabitation attitudes were significantly associated with marriage intention of young adults.

Housing tenure of young people through a multilevel strategy: differences according to living arrangements

ABSTRACT In this study, we identify and analyse the key determinants of the housing tenure regime and residential independence of young adults in Spain. We use a multilevel strategy that allows us to take into account the heterogeneity amongst regions in both homeownership rate and residential independence rate. Our focus is on young adults as this group have a significant effect on the real estate market. Furthermore, young adults are at an age in their life cycle when important events occur. The results show that demographic factors are more important than economic factors in both processes. Also, for these young adults, the sociocultural norms of each region are not the main criteria in housing tenure and residential independence. Given the recent changes seen in the type of cohabitation, we also analyse the housing tenure for different groups of young adults according to their living arrangements (alone, married couple or common-law couple). For young adults living alone, we find there is little variability among regions. Differences are seen in the factors that influence homeownership among young adults who have formalized their union through marriage and those who are part of a common-law couple.

Lifestyles and sociodemographic factors associated with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the adult population of the Valencian Community (Spain)

Background: chronic non-communicable diseases represent a challenge for public health, and the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been identified as an alternative for their prevention. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate, in a sample of the adult population of the Comunitat Valenciana, the association between lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with high adherence to MD. Methods: a cross-sectional study of a sample (n = 2,728) representative of the population ≥ 16 years of age. The data were collected from the Comunitat Valenciana Nutrition Survey 2010-11. MD adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. The association of the variables with high MD adherence was tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, determining the crude and adjusted odds ratios. Results: a multivariate analysis showed that age, type of cohabitation, country of birth, eating between meals, and smoking were associated with high adherence to MD. The age groups of 45-64 years and 65 years or older showed the greatest association with high adherence to MD in both sexes. Living with a partner was positively associated with high adherence to MD in men, women, and the age group of 45-64 years. Conclusion: a generational loss of MD adherence was observed. Younger people and those who do not live with a partner showed the highest risk of not adhering to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Pattern of fos activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of male prairie vole’s (Microtus ochrogaster) in response to infant-related stimuli

Prairie voles are socially monogamous mammals that form pair bonds and display paternal care. This study was focused on the male prairie vole's neuronal responses to infant-related odors. Using the fos protein as a measure of neuronal activation, we examined the brain responses of males to infant-related odors. Prior to testing, the subjects had cohabited for two weeks with either a male sibling (Male-Cohabited) or an unrelated female (Female-Cohabited). Given that paternal behavior of male prairie voles is enhanced after two-weeks of cohabitation with a mate, we hypothesized that fos activation in brain regions involved in caring must be increased in response to infants or their odors but not in response to water or sub-adult odors. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the pattern of fos expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) two hours after Male-Cohabited and Female-Cohabited males were exposed to either two live infants or to odors of infants, sub-adults or water. Results showed differences in fos expression within the VTA between Male-Cohabited and Female-Cohabited subjects that were exposed to infants and infant odors. The type of cohabitation had no effect on fos expression within the BNST, but the pattern of fos activation in this region differed by the type of odor to which the subjects were exposed. Together, the data indicate that female sensory cues during post-mating cohabitation may be processed within the VTA to direct the male prairie vole's responses towards infants.

Marriage vs cohabitation - an alternative or opposition?

Thesis&#x0D; Informal relationships are very popular in modern times. The number of people choosing marriage is slowly decreasing. The author of the article discerns the similarities and differences between cohabitation and marriage. The author puts forward the thesis that it is impossible to assess whether marriage is superior to cohabitation and vice versa.&#x0D; Concept&#x0D; The author presents the definitions and legal regulations of marriage and cohabitation. Additionally she lists the types of cohabitation and types of marriage.&#x0D; Results and conclusion&#x0D; In times of "liquid postmodernity" one should accept the coexistence of marriage and cohabitation, without assessing which of these forms is better, more beneficial, richer.&#x0D; Originality/Cognitive value&#x0D; In the subject literature cohabitation is presented as a short-term relationship, deprived of mutual obligations of partners, based only on sexual attachment and living together. It stands in opposition to marriage, which is as a permanent relationship based on mutual obligations of spouses and a strong emotional bond.

Disentangling the Different Types of Cohabitation in Latin America: Gender Symmetry and Contextual Influences

Recent research has attested the existence of different types of cohabitation in Latin America. It is well documented that, along with a historic cohabitation, driven by poverty, modern consensual unions are booming in the region. These modern types can be explained by the framework of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT), which relates new forms of romantic relationships to socioeconomic development and changes in the ideational domain towards post materialistic values such as egalitarianism. Data from the DHS (N=65,765) of fifty Latin American regions from six countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Honduras and Peru) are used to (i) explain different types of cohabitation in Latin America and (ii) to distinguish them from marriage in terms of gender symmetry and environmental influences. Multilevel linear probability regression is applied to describe previously identified types of cohabitation: traditional, innovative and blended (Covre-Sussai et al., 2014). Following, these types of cohabitation are compared to marriage in a multilevel multinomial logistic analysis. As expected, the traditional cohabitation was found to be related to female subordination and socioeconomic deprivation. The innovative and blended types of cohabitation show higher levels of gender symmetry, when compared to the traditional type and to marriage. In addition, these unions happen in places where cohabitation was never common before, such as among whites and Catholics. This study confirms the occurrence of modern types of cohabitation in Latin America. These modern types are more egalitarian and suggest the advent of the SDT in the region.

Measuring Gender Equality in Family Decision Making in Latin America: A Key Towards Understanding Changing Family Configurations

This study investigates gender equality in terms of decision making in Latin American families. A step-by-step multi-group latent class analysis (MGLCA) is applied to extract the construct of gender equality from DHS data. Its cross-cultural validation for seven Latin American countries (N=62,554) is attested and the influence of women’s age, education and type of union on family decision making is shown. The types of union included in this analysis are marriage and three previously identified types of cohabitation: traditional, innovative and blended. Three types of decision making are found. In the first two types, women make household decisions alone or jointly with their husbands or partners. These are married, older and higher educated women. The third type groups women who have the decisions in their household made by their partners. These are lower educated women, who tend to live in the traditional cohabitation. The differences in terms of decision making for the innovative and blended types of cohabitation in Latin America are not clear. Results confirm earlier evidence that changes in gender roles happen in different rhythms for different social classes: in the upper social strata the gender revolution is in a more advanced stage than in the lower ones.

Measuring gender equality in family decision making in Latin America: a key towards understanding changing family configurations

Normal 0 14 false false false IT X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabella normale"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} This study investigates gender equality in terms of decision making in Latin American families. Multi-group latent class analysis (MGLCA) is applied to extract the construct of gender equality from DHS data. Its cross-cultural validation for seven Latin American countries (N=62,554) is attested and the influence of women’s age, education and type of union on family decision making is shown. The types of union included in this analysis are marriage and three previously identified types of cohabitation: traditional, innovative and blended (Covre-Sussai et al. , 2014). Three types of decision making are found. In the first two types, women make household decisions alone or jointly with their husbands or partners. These are married, older and higher educated women. The third type groups women who have the decisions in their household made by their partners. These are lower educated women, who tend to live in the traditional cohabitation. The differences in terms of decision making for the innovative and blended types of cohabitation inLatin America are not clear. Results confirm earlier evidence that changes in gender roles happen in different rhythms for different social classes: in the upper social strata the gender revolution is in a more advanced stage than in the lower ones. Maira COVRE-SUSSAI , PhD Researcher. Centre for Sociological Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: mairacovre@gmail.com . Bart MEULEMA, Assistant Professor, Centre for Sociological Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: Bart.Meuleman@soc.kuleuven.be . Jan Van BAVEL, Professor of Demography, Centre for Sociological Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: Jan.VanBavel@soc.kuleuven.be . Koen MATTHIJS, Full Professor, Centre for Sociological Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: Koen.Matthijs@soc.kuleuven.be .

The Role of Cohabitation in Remarriage

Using 3 subsamples of remarried respondents (n =1,583, 971, and 926) in the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households, this study investigates how different types of cohabitation, especially postdivorce cohabitation, affect the timing and quality of remarriage in the United States. Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis indicates that postdivorce cohabitation in general and postdivorce cohabitation with multiple partners in particular delay remarriage. Furthermore, echoing previous research findings on the relationship between premarital cohabitation and relationship quality, the ordered logistic analysis shows that postdivorce cohabitation with a spouse is associated with lower levels of remarital happiness, and postdivorce cohabitation of all types tends to be associated with higher levels of remarital instability. Implications of these findings are briefly discussed.

Medicine Use in the Elderly

The aim of this study was to describe the actual use of medicines in an elderly population and to relate that use to age, gender, type of housing, and type of cohabitation. We used data from the Kungsholmen project, an ongoing longitudinal study in Stockholm, Sweden. The Kungsholmen project focuses on the medical, psychological, and social problems of aging, with an emphasis on dementia. All inhabitants of the Kungsholmen parish aged 75 years or more were selected for the study. The participation rate was 76%. More than 80% of those living in their own homes1 and more than 90% of those living in sheltered accommodation or in a healthcare institution used medicines. The mean number of medicines used was 3.2, ranging from 0 to 15. Women used a larger number of medicines than men, 3.4 vs 2.6. People in the age group 75 to 79 years used fewer medicines than those in the older age groups. People who were 85 years or older used significantly more medicines than those between 75 and 84 years. The number of medicines used by elderly persons in different age groups was different among women, but not among men. People living in sheltered accomodation used a larger number of medicines on average than those who lived in their own home or in nursing homes. The whole population, men and women, and those aged 80 to 84 years, living in their own homes, used fewer medicines than those living in sheltered accomodation. There was no difference between people living in different types of cohabitation with respect to the number of medicines used. The most commonly used groups of therapeutic medicines were psycholeptic agents, diuretic agents and cardiac drugs, accounting for 41% of the total medicines used. The therapeutic/pharmacological subgroups of medicines used by most people were hypnotic and sedative agents [Anatomical Classification System (ATC) group N05C], used by 26%; cardiac glycosides (ATC group CO1A), used by 19%; and loop diuretics (ATC group C03C), used by 17%. Women used significantly more hypnotic, sedative and anxiolytic agents than men. In conclusion, our findings show that a higher proportion than has previously been shown of elderly people living in their own homes use medicines, that women use a higher number of medicines than men only in the age group 80 to 89 years, and that more women than men used psycholeptic agents. Furthermore, the number of medicines used increased only up to the age of 89 years. People living in sheltered accommodation used more medicines than those living in their own homes or nursing homes. Age and gender affect the number of medicines used when the person is living in his or her own home, but not when living in an institution.

Relationship qualities of those who live together

This review attempts to integrate and conceptualize the many studies conducted on cohabital relationships during the past ten years. Evidence and possible causes for the apparent increase of cohabitation are presented. Since cohabitation relationships do not form a singular lifestyle, various functions and types of cohabitation are considered. Differences between couples who have and have not cohabited are looked at in regard to couples' choosing to cohabit, commitment, satisfaction, sex roles, sexual behavior, love and romanticism, problems and conflict, and persistence of the dyad.