Types Of Cigarettes Research Articles

THE ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE TREND: THE IMPACTS ON ORAL HEALTH

Objective: The objective of this narrative literature review article is to address the electronic cigarette, an invention created in recent years, which has been widely used by adolescents, young people and adults, and is a product that has been causing several problems in the oral mucosa, dental structure and oral health, impacting in an extremely negative way. Methodology: To construct this narrative literature review article, a methodology was outlined in a thoughtful and strategic way, so that the maximum amount of information that could be added to the topic of the article could be obtained from online books, doctoral and master's theses, course completion papers, case reports, review articles, monographs, PICs and research on the topic addressed. Thus, to obtain this range of information, research was carried out in the following databases and websites: DeCs, BVS/BIREME, PROSPERO, Web of Science, CAPES Periodicals Portal, Science Direct, Scielo, PUBMED Central, The Cochrane Library, LUMEN ET VIRTUS Magazine, FT Magazine, Research, society and development journal combined with the Google Academy website. Results: The electronic cigarette was initially created as something that was supposed to be less corrosive and would cause fewer problems than the conventional cigarette, being something that was created for people who already smoke, so that they would start using this “healthier” cigarette, until the dependence diminished so that smokers could later quit all types of cigarettes. Conclusion: Thus, it is seen that the electronic cigarette has a range of harmful effects on the human body, being a product that causes problems in the oral cavity.

A comprehensive evaluation of Cell Elution Method (CEM) for forensic DNA analysis from smoked cigarettes

Cigarette stubs are commonly encountered trace DNA samples at crime scenes. Standard laboratory practice typically involves direct lysis of the stub for DNA extraction, leading to the co-extraction of DNA-degrading and inhibiting constituents from smoke and tobacco. This process can result in lower-quality DNA profiles. There has been limited focus on developing specific sample processing techniques that minimize these degrading agents and inhibitors before DNA extraction, which could significantly enhance the quality of DNA profiles. This study evaluates a previously established Cell Elution Method (CEM) against the conventional Direct Lysis Method (DLM) for DNA extraction from cigarette stubs. DNA quantity, quality, and subsequent STR profiles were assessed in 80 smoked cigarette stubs, comprising both flavoured and unflavoured types. While CEM exhibited comparable DNA yield from both flavoured (0.17 ng) and unflavoured (0.19 ng) cigarettes, DLM showed significant variability in average DNA yield for unflavoured (0.05 ng) and for flavoured (0.25 ng) cigarettes. Notably, CEM-treated samples demonstrated lower Degradation Index (DI) values compared to DLM-treated ones for both the types of cigarettes. Consequently, STR profiling success rates were higher with CEM, with 95 % of flavoured and 55 % of unflavoured samples yielding informative profiles, compared to 80 % and 0 %, respectively, for DLM. In unflavoured stubs, Amelogenin marker amplification was achieved in 35 % of CEM-treated samples, significantly outperforming the 5 % success rate with DLM. Additionally, CEM resulted in higher average allele recovery rates for both flavoured (58.98 %) and unflavoured (33.41 %) samples compared to DLM. These findings indicate that CEM outperforms DLM in producing higher-quality DNA profiles from cigarette stubs. Thus, CEM can be a choice of method for processing cigarette stub prior to DNA extraction.

Tobacco industry pricing strategies during recent tax adjustments in Mexico: evidence from sales data

IntroductionPrevious studies have identified pricing strategies that the tobacco industry employs to try to minimise the impact of tobacco taxation, but these studies are mostly about high-income countries. This research...

Social Epidemiology of Early Initiation of Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use in Early to Middle Adolescents.

Early initiation of tobacco use among adolescents is a significant public health concern. While there is extensive research on overall tobacco use, much of it focuses on initiation in late adolescence, uses cross-sectional designs, and lacks specific exploration of electronic versus conventional cigarette use. This study aims to investigate social determinants influencing the early initiation of electronic and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which follows a cohort of tobacco-naïve children from age nine through age 16. The social determinants examined included household income, parental education, financial difficulties, racial/ethnic minority status, family structure, neighborhood income, and gender minority status. Structural equation models were employed to assess associations between these determinants and early initiation of electronic and conventional cigarette use. Male gender was associated with a higher likelihood of conventional cigarette use, while the risk of early initiation of electronic cigarette use was similar across genders. White adolescents were at a higher risk of conventional cigarette use; however, the risk for electronic cigarette use was comparable across White and non-White groups. Financial difficulties were linked to an increased likelihood of early initiation of conventional cigarette use but not electronic cigarette use. Higher household income was associated with a reduced risk of initiating conventional cigarettes but did not significantly impact electronic cigarette use. Adolescents from married families were less likely to initiate electronic cigarette use. No significant effects were found for parental education or neighborhood income on the initiation of either type of cigarette use. Age did not significantly affect the initiation of either cigarette type, and gender minority status was marginally associated with early initiation of conventional cigarette use. The social patterning of electronic cigarette use differs from that of conventional cigarette use, suggesting that distinct tobacco products do not pose a uniform risk across all adolescents. This study underscores the importance of tailored prevention efforts that address the unique challenges associated with early initiation of electronic and conventional cigarette use among adolescents. The differential risk factors identified suggest targeted prevention strategies for conventional cigarette use, focusing on financial difficulties, household income, and gender-specific interventions. In contrast, prevention efforts for electronic cigarette use may require broader, more inclusive approaches that address all adolescents, regardless of their background. Comprehensive universal screening for electronic cigarette use and targeted screening for conventional cigarette use among adolescents are recommended.

A new paradigm in cigarette smoke detection: Rapid identification technique based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and GhostNet-[formula omitted]

In the tobacco field, the analysis and classification of cigarette smoke are crucial for ensuring product quality, protecting consumer health, and driving industry innovation. These analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of tobacco products and serve as a scientific basis for production standards and regulatory policies. Traditional infrared spectroscopy techniques for tobacco quality analysis often suffer from limitations such as time consumption, high costs, and complexity. To achieve efficient detection of cigarette smoke and quality control of cigarettes, this study developed a cigarette mainstream smoke detection system based on Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy technology, aimed at rapidly acquiring the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral characteristics of cigarette smoke and combining deep learning for rapid cigarette type identification. Five different brands of cigarettes were selected for this study, and a total of 400 MIR spectra of cigarette smoke aerosols were collected. Using three spectral preprocessing methods and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS), we extracted the fingerprint region (1850–650 cm-1) to generate 4800 2DCOS images. We then optimized the GhostNet network architecture and constructed a more compact and efficient deep learning model, GhostNet-α. A mixed-precision training strategy further enhanced model training speed and computational efficiency. Results show that Multiple Scatter Correction (MSC)-preprocessed synchronous 2DCOS images achieved 100 % classification accuracy. This study validates GhostNet-α’s efficiency and accuracy in cigarette smoke recognition, offering a new technical approach for quality control and rapid detection in the tobacco industry, significantly enhancing its competitiveness and consumer health protection.

Overview Smoking Behavior and Quality of Life of Sports Department Students, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang

According to the results of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2021, there has been a considerable increase in the number of adult smokers over the past ten years, rising from 60.3 million in 2011 to 69.1 million in 2021, an increase of 8.8 million individuals. This study aims to compare the quality of life between actively smoking students and those who are exposed to passive smoking, examining their physical, psychological, social, and environmental health effects. The study utilized a sample of 100 respondents who completed a questionnaire on cigarette use and the WHOQOL quality of life assessment, covering variables such as cigarette type, disruption in daily activities, desire to quit smoking, cigarette consumption, and attitudes towards smoking bans in public places. Calculation of the WHOQOL score revealed that 60 percent of non-smoking student respondents reported a good quality of life. These findings underscore the critical need for enhanced health awareness programs and stricter smoking regulations within the university to foster a healthier environment. The study's insights highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions and policies to reduce smoking rates among students to enhance their overall quality of life.According to the results of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2021, there has been a considerable increase in the number of adult smokers over the past ten years, rising from 60.3 million in 2011 to 69.1 million in 2021, an increase of 8.8 million individuals. This study aims to compare the quality of life between actively smoking students and those who are exposed to passive smoking, examining their physical, psychological, social, and environmental health effects. The study utilized a sample of 100 respondents who completed a questionnaire on cigarette use and the WHOQOL quality of life assessment, covering variables such as cigarette type, disruption in daily activities, desire to quit smoking, cigarette consumption, and attitudes towards smoking bans in public places. Calculation of the WHOQOL score revealed that 60 percent of non-smoking student respondents reported a good quality of life. These findings underscore the critical need for enhanced health awareness programs and stricter smoking regulations within the university to foster a healthier environment. The study's insights highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions and policies to reduce smoking rates among students to enhance their overall quality of life.

Determination of low carbon aldehydes and ketones in cigarette smoke by MXene membrane enrichment-liquid chromatography

Low carbon aldehydes and ketones are typical substances harmful to human body produced during cigarette smoking. Their contents in cigarette smoke are important indicators for evaluating its toxicity and the filtration effect of cigarette filter tips, which provides important guidance for its rational design. In this work, MXene membrane with unique lamellar structure was synthesized and loaded onto glass fiber filters to achieve effective enrichment of low carbon aldehydes and ketones. Compared to commercial Cambridge filters, the MXene-loaded filters exhibited higher extraction efficiency towards low-carbon aldehydes and ketones, making viable the detection of butyraldehyde, which was not detected by that enriched with Cambridge filters. Therefore, a MXene-based membrane enrichment-HPLC method was developed for the determination of low-carbon aldehydes and ketones in cigarette smoke with detection limits ranging from 0.133 μg/mL to 0.285 μg/mL. The applicability of the method was verified by analyzing three different types of filter cigarettes with the concentration in the range of 0.5–140 μg/branch for all the analytes, which were in good agreement with the manufacturer's results. The method is accurate and sensitive, and can be used for the quantitative determination of low carbon aldehydes and ketones in cigarette smoke.

An observational human laboratory assessment of nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of usual brand electronic cigarette use among young adults.

To measure nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of current generations of disposable, cartridge-based and other types of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults. Observational, human laboratory assessment of e-cigarette use in Columbus, Ohio, USA (July 2020 to June 2021). Participants (n = 96, 60.4% female, age mean = 21.7 [standard deviation = 1.7] years, 82.4% white race) were identified via their participation in a cohort study or other convenience sampling and were 18 to 25 years old, vaped ≥4days/week for ≥4weeks and used other tobacco products for ≤5days of past 30 days. Participants completed a pre-vaping questionnaire, vaped their usual brand of e-cigarette ad libitum for 30 min and completed a post-vaping questionnaire. Outcome variables included pre- and post-vaping measures of plasma nicotine (t = 0 and t = 30, respectively) and craving and withdrawal symptoms, as well as vaping topography (e.g. flow rate and inter-puff interval), pre-vaping expectancies and post-vaping product appeal. Variables used to characterize the sample included demographics, e-cigarette and other tobacco use history, e-cigarette dependence and e-cigarette device characteristics (e.g. device type, flavor and nicotine form). Participants reported moderate nicotine dependence on average via the E-Cigarette Dependence Scale (mean = 6.9 [standard deviation = 4.0]). Following 30 min of ad libitum vaping, participants achieved substantial plasma nicotine boost (mean = 18.8 [standard deviation = 14.5] ng/mL), corresponding with statistically significant decreases in withdrawal symptoms measured via the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (pre-vaping mean = 9.0 [standard deviation = 5.1], post-vaping mean = 4.3 [standard deviation = 3.9]; P-value <0.0001). Pre-vaping, participants reported moderate vaping expectancies (e.g. mean = 2.5 [standard deviation = 1.0] on a scale from 0 to 4 for smell and taste expectancies); post-vaping, participants reported high satisfaction (mean = 4.6 [standard deviation = 1.2] on a scale from 1 to 7) and moderate reward (mean = 2.9 [standard deviation = 1.2]) and respiratory sensations (mean = 3.7 [standard deviation = 1.6]). Nearly half of participants (47.9%) used disposable e-cigarettes, and most used a mint/menthol or fruit flavored (99.0%) and nicotine salt (98.9%) e-liquid. Among young adults in the United States, the latest generations of e-cigarettes appear to deliver large quantities of nicotine (similar to cigarettes) and significantly relieve withdrawal symptoms, and they are appealing.

Perceptions of the Addictiveness of Low-Nicotine Cigarettes Versus Typical Cigarettes and Exposure to Tobacco Industry-Sponsored Corrective Campaign

Background In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a regulatory plan to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes. This study examines the association of exposure to industry-sponsored corrective statements on perceptions of the addictiveness of low-nicotine cigarettes relative to typical cigarettes within the general US population. Methods The study comprised 4975 US adult respondents of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 3). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between exposure to tobacco industry corrective messages and perceptions of the addictiveness of low-nicotine cigarettes relative to typical cigarettes. Results In the overall population, 4.1% reported that low-nicotine cigarettes were much more addictive than typical cigarettes, 67.5% said they were equally addictive, while 28.4% reported they were slightly/much less addictive. Adults exposed to industry-sponsored corrective messages had higher odds of perceiving low-nicotine cigarettes as equally addictive as typical cigarettes (aOR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.13–2.19) than those who saw no corrective messages. Those exposed to the corrective messages specifically about the addictiveness of smoking and nicotine had higher odds of perceiving low-nicotine cigarettes as equally addictive as typical cigarettes (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.07–2.81) compared to those who saw no corrective message. Conclusions Our findings suggest that exposure to court-ordered tobacco industry corrective statements may have reinforced perceptions on the addictive potential of nicotine. However, study findings indicate a need for campaigns specifically tailored to address misperceptions observed in this study.

Unveiling the Impact of Smokers’ Self-Construals on the Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Campaigns: A Comparative Analysis of E-Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes

ObjectiveThis research conducted two studies in South Korea to explore the relationship between smokers’ self-construals and the types of cigarettes they use, emphasizing their combined effects on cessation campaign effectiveness.MethodsStudy 1 explored how smokers’ self-construals influenced their intentions to quit smoking or vaping, considering their primary cigarette usage. Study 2 further investigated this relationship within cessation campaigns, employing messages framed by both self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) and cigarette type (combustible vs. electronic).ResultsThe results of Study 1 showed that individuals with a strong interdependent self-construal were more likely to express intentions to quit smoking or vaping when using e-cigarettes compared to combustible cigarettes. Similarly, Study 2 demonstrated that cessation messages for e-cigarettes were more effective in eliciting intentions to quit when presented with an interdependent self-construal frame, while messages for combustible cigarettes showed greater effectiveness with an independent self-construal frame.ConclusionCampaigns solely focused on independent self-construals might not effectively persuade e-cigarette users to quit, as they may prioritize communal wellbeing over individual benefits. Adapting anti-e-cigarette campaigns to align with the values of interdependent self-construals could yield better outcomes in promoting cessation among e-cigarette users.

Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European American men

PurposeSmoking is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has not been established as a prostate cancer risk factor, nor emphasized in prostate cancer prevention. Studies have shown that African American (AA) smokers have a poorer cancer prognosis than European Americans (EAs), while having a lower prevalence of heavy smoking. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness and assessed racial differences in smoking habits on the probability of high-aggressive prostate cancer.MethodsUsing data from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (n = 1,279), prostate cancer aggressiveness was defined as high or low based on Gleason scores, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and tumor stage. Cigarette smoking was categorized as current, former, or never smokers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsSelf-reported current (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.30–3.06) smoking was associated with high-aggressive prostate cancer relative to never smokers. When stratified by self-reported race, the odds of having high-aggressive cancer increased among AA current (OR = 3.58; 95% CI 2.04–6.28) and former smokers (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.38–3.53) compared to AA never smokers, but the odds were diminished among the EA stratum (Pself-reported race x smoking status = 0.003).ConclusionCigarette smoking is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness, a relationship modulated by self-reported race. Future research is needed to investigate types of cigarettes smoked and metabolic differences that may be contributing to the racial disparities observed.

ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING STATUS, TYPE OF CIGARETTES AND OBESITY AS RISK FACTORS AMONG RENAL CELL CARCINOMA HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES

Objective: This study aims to know the relationship between smoking and obesity as a risk factor among renal cell carcinoma histological subtypes. Material &amp; Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study, with 67 patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) at the Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center Bandung from January 2012 to December 2021 as the case group, and 13 patients with benign tumors as the control group. The odds ratio and its significance were calculated. Results: In clear cell RCC, smokers (p-value=0.008), showed strong relationship to cigarette types (p-value=0.013), and obesity (p-value=0.042). In papillary RCC, smokers (p-value=0.035) showed a strong relationship to cigarette types (p-value=0.041). Cloves have a higher risk compared to filtered cigarettes (OR 2.25, 95% CI [0.54-9.25]). Conclusion: Clear cell RCC is most prevalent in smokers. Obesity is associated with clear cell RCC. Cloves pose the greatest risk of clear cell and papillary RCC. Keywords: Obesity, RCC, smoking, cigarette.

Trends in Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Smokers: A Population Study in England, 2008-2023.

This study aimed to estimate time trends in cigarette consumption among smokers in England between 2008 and 2023 and toexplore differences by key potential moderators. We used data from 57778 adult cigarette smokers participating in a nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey between January 2008 and September 2023. We estimated monthly time trends in mean daily consumption of (1) any, (2) manufactured, and (3) hand-rolled cigarettes among all smokers and by main type of cigarettes smoked, smoking frequency, age, gender, occupational social grade, region, nicotine replacement therapy use, and vaping status. Overall cigarette consumption fell from 13.6 [95% CI = 13.3 to 13.9] to 10.6 [10.5 to 10.8] per day between January 2008 and October 2019 (a 22% decrease), then remained stable up to September 2023. Over this period, the proportion mainly orexclusively smoking hand-rolled cigarettes increased (from 30.6% [29.1%-32.1%] in 2008 to 52.1% [49.7%-54.5%] in 2023). As a result, manufactured cigarette consumption fell by 47%, from 9.5 [9.2-9.8] per day in January 2008 to 5.0 [4.7-5.3] in September 2023, while hand-rolled cigarette consumption increased by 35%, from 4.2 [3.9-4.4] to 5.6 [5.3-5.9], respectively. The decline in overall cigarette consumption was observed across all subgroups, but was greater among non-daily smokers, younger smokers, and those who vaped. Over the last 15 years, the average number of cigarettes consumed each day by smokers in England has fallen by almost a quarter, but has plateaued since October 2019. There has been a sharp decline in the number of manufactured cigarettes consumed and an increase in the number of hand-rolled cigarettes consumed, as smokers have increasingly shifted towards using hand-rolled tobacco. While average cigarette consumption in England has fallen over the past 15 years, this declining trend has stalled (and reversed in some population groups) since 2019. The availability of cheap, hand-rolled tobacco appears to be undermining policies that aim to reduce smoking by raising the price of tobacco (eg, through taxation) and could be targeted to reignite the decline in cigarette consumption.

Gambaran Nikotin pada Pra Lansia Perokok Linting (Tembakau) di Desa Pohgading Timur Kecamatan Pringgabaya

Background: Cigarettes are a type of tobacco product produced from the Nicotiana Tabacum, Nicotiana Rustica and other species. Cigarettes are cylinder-shaped from paper measuring between 70 – 120 mm long with a diameter of around 10 mm containing chopped tobacco leaves. There are two types of cigarettes, namely hand-rolled cigarettes and electronic cigarettes which are usually called vape or vapor. Objective: To find out the description of nicotine in hand-rolled (tobacco) smokers in East Pohgading village, Pringgabaya subdistrict. Method: The research is a descriptive analytical method. By taking samples using purposive sampling technique. Results: The results of the research that was carried out obtained samples of 42 elderly people who used hand-rolled cigarettes (tobacco), 41 samples were positive and 1 was negative for nicotine. Conclusion: Results from the urine of pre-elderly respondents who smoked hand-rolled (tobacco) were positive for nicotine as many as 41 people and 1 person was negative.

Nicotinic Receptor Alpha-5 Subunit Gene Polymorphism is Associated With Heavy Smoking Under a Range of Nicotine Dosing Conditions.

This study aimed to assess the role of the rs16969968 variant of nicotinic receptor alpha-5 subunit in regulating smoking behavior and nicotine intake in response to nicotine manipulations among dependent smokers in a naturalistic environment. Sixty-nine adults (19 females) smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD) were asked to complete four 2-week study phases during which they smoked exclusively one of two types of Spectrum nicotine research cigarettes (FTC nicotine yield 0.8 and 1.6 mg, respectively), their usual brand of cigarettes, or their usual brand of cigarettes while wearing a 21-mg nicotine patch. Measurements included rs16969968 genotype, number of CPD, smoking topography, and plasma cotinine. Compared to controls (G/G carriers), A allele carriers reported smoking 4 to 5 more CPD across all conditions (all ps < .05). Mean total smoke volume per day and cotinine were greater in A allele carriers than in controls (ps = .05, .046, respectively). No significant genotype differences were found in smoking compensation indices for the switch from medium to high-nicotine-yield cigarettes. Nicotine patch-induced reductions in cigarettes smoked per day and total smoke volume per day showed significant interactions between genotype and pre-patch levels, with heavier smokers showing greater effects of genotype (p = .052 and p = .006, respectively). Results suggest that the rs16969968 variants regulate the heaviness of smoking primarily by their impact on daily numbers of cigarettes smoked, but no genotype differences were found in smoking compensation after switching from medium to high-nicotine cigarettes. The differences in daily cigarette consumption between rs16969968 risk-allele carriers and controls are shown to be consistent regardless of manipulations of cigarette nicotine content and transdermal nicotine supplementation and markedly greater among dependent smokers than those observed in the general smoker populations. G/G allele carriers, relative to A allele carriers, appeared to be more sensitive to the nicotine patch manipulation, reducing their smoking to a greater extent. These findings support continued efforts in the development of personalized intervention strategies to reduce the rs16969968-conveyed genetic propensity for heavy smoking.

Perceived relative harm and addictiveness compared with cigarettes and intentions to use modified risk tobacco products utilizing FDA-authorized marketing claims among adults in the United States

IntroductionWe assessed adults’ perceived relative harm and addictiveness of products using FDA-authorized modified risk tobacco products (MRTP) claims and associations with intentions to use MRTPs. MethodsData were from the May 2022 Rutgers Omnibus study among US 18–45-year-old adults (n=2964), collected by the Rutgers Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies (INTS). Outcomes were perceived relative harm and addictiveness versus a typical cigarette and intentions to use a product stating a reduced harm claim (General Snus) or a reduced exposure claim (VLN King). We conducted regression analyses of associations between perceived relative harm and addictiveness and intentions to use each product, stratified by smoking status. ResultsThe minority of participants perceived products with a reduced harm claim as much less harmful vs. cigarettes (21 %, 19 %, 7 %, and 8 % among persons who smoked daily, smoked some days, formerly smoked, and never smoked respectively) and products with a reduced exposure claim as much less addictive vs. cigarettes (24 %, 26 %, 14 %, 20 % respectively). Perceived lower relative harm and addictiveness were significantly associated with higher intentions to use products stating reduced harm or reduced exposure claim across all smoking statuses with one exception (relative addictiveness was not associated with intention to use products stating the reduced harm claim among persons who formerly smoked). ConclusionsTwo current FDA-authorized MRTP claims were not effective in conveying that MRTPs were less harmful or addictive than cigarettes to most participants. Perceiving products as less harmful or addictive were significantly associated with intentions to use MRTPs.

Heated Tobacco Products Have Detrimental Effects on Rotator Cuff Healing, Similar to Conventional Cigarettes.

Cigarette smoking impairs rotator cuff healing, but no study, to our knowledge, has focused on the association between heated tobacco products and rotator cuff tears. This study retrospectively investigated 1,133 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of symptomatic rotator cuff tears between March 2011 and April 2021. Patients were grouped on the basis of their smoking patterns as nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and heated tobacco smokers. Propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias, and 45 subjects were selected from each group via 1:1:1 matching. Functional scores and active range of motion were compared among the 3 groups preoperatively and at a 2-year follow-up. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed 6 months after the surgical procedure to assess structural integrity. Except for sex, similar baseline characteristics were achieved after propensity score matching. There were no differences in the clinical scores or range of motion between the matched groups either preoperatively or at the 2-year follow-up. However, the retear rate for the matched nonsmoker group was significantly lower (8.9%) than those for the matched cigarette smoker group (31.1%) and the heated tobacco smoker group (28.9%) (p = 0.022). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the retear rates were 3.403 times higher for the cigarette smoker group and 3.397 times higher for the heated tobacco smoker group than that for the nonsmoker group. Heated tobacco users, like conventional cigarette smokers, have worse clinical outcomes with respect to rotator cuff healing than nonsmokers. Regardless of the type of cigarette, abstinence from smoking is necessary for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery. Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

RELATIONSHIP OF SMOKING HABITS AND COFFEE CONSUMPTION WITH TEETH DISCOLORATION IN ALALAK BANJARMASIN

Background: Teeth discoloration is a problem in dental practice, among others, the occurrence of teeth discoloration in coffee consumers as much as 77.13%, smokers who experience discoloration 76.7%. Based on data from Riskesdas South Kalimantan in 2018, the prevalence of daily smokers in Banjarmasin City is 18.02%. The highest smoking prevalence is in the population aged 30-34 years, which is 30.01%. Teeth discoloration is affected by extrinsic stains through the deposition of chromogenic materials on the teeth surface such as tobacco, tea and coffee. Teeth discoloration can cause discomfort when speaking, smiling and lack of confidence. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between smoking habits and coffee consumption with teeth discoloration in people aged 30-34 years in Alalak Tengah Village. Method: This research is an analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used is probability sampling technique with a sample size of 87 people. Result: there was a significant relationship between the number of cigarettes and teeth discoloration 0.018 (p&lt;0.05), the relationship between smoking duration and teeth discoloration was 0.006 (p&lt;0.05), a significant relationship between the type of cigarette and teeth discoloration was 0.002 (p&lt;0.05) and vice versa. There is no significant relationship between coffee consumption and duration of drinking coffee with teeth discoloration. Conclusion: Based on the research, there is a relationship between smoking habit and teeth discoloration. Keywords: Cigarettes, Coffee, Teeth Discoloration.

Prevalence, correlates, and reasons for substance use among adolescents aged 10–17 in Ghana: a cross-sectional convergent parallel mixed-method study

BackgroundSubstance use among adolescents poses significant risks to their health, wellbeing, and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana. However, little is known about the outlets and reasons for substance use among Ghanaian adolescents. This study examined the prevalence, correlates, reasons for substance use, and outlets of these substances among adolescents aged 10–17 in Ghana.MethodsData were obtained from the Department of Children, Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection, Ghana, which employed a cross-sectional convergent parallel mixed-methods technique to collect quantitative and qualitative data from children aged 8–17, parents or legal guardians and officials of state institutions responsible for the promotion and protection of children’s rights and wellbeing. Overall, 4144 adolescents aged 10–17 were interviewed for the quantitative data, while 92 adolescents participated in 10 focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was analysed thematically.ResultsThe prevalence of substance use was 12.3%. Regarding the types of substance use, alcohol (56.9%) and cigarettes (26.4%) were the most common substances. Being a male and currently working are significant risk factors, whereas being aged 10–13, and residing in the Middle- and Northern-ecological belts of Ghana are significant protective factors of substance use. Peers, household members who use substances, drug stores, and drug peddlers are the major outlets. The reasons for substance use were fun, substance as an aphrodisiac, boosting self-confidence, dealing with anxiety, and improved social status.ConclusionsThere is a relatively high substance use among adolescents in Ghana, and this calls for a multi-sectoral approach to addressing substance use by providing risk-behaviour counselling, parental control, and effective implementation of substance use laws and regulations.

A New Type of Expanded Graphite-Based Heat-Conducting Glue and Its Application in Heat-Non-Burning Cigarette

With the popularity of heat non-combustible cigarettes, a new type of tobacco product, higher requirements have been put forward for the thermal conductivity of tobacco materials compared to traditional tobacco. In order to make the tobacco uniformly heated, adding high thermal conductivity materials to the tobacco to improve the thermal conductivity of the tobacco in the heat-non-burning smoke is a conventional practice. Therefore, this article introduces expanded graphite with high specific surface area and high thermal conductivity as the main material of thermal conductivity, and the polymer obtained by esterification reaction of biomass material polylactic acid, citric acid and diol are utilized as the adhesive glue. Research shows that this material enhances the heating performance of tobacco in heat non-combustible cigarettes. The thermal conductivity measured by adding 3 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml of the expanded graphite viscous mixture to the filter paper spacer increased sequentially both at room temperature and at 100 degrees Celsius, and all of them were higher than that of the blank filter paper. This method effectively realized the fixation of the expanded graphite thermal conductive material on the surface of the tobacco, which greatly improved the thermal conductivity performance of the tobacco and made this new type of heat cigarettes more uniformly heated.