Types Of Appeals Research Articles

The Phenomenon of Model Legislative Acts of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Decisions of Courts of the Russian Federation

This study is focused at studying decisions of courts of the Russian Federation, containing references to model legislative acts and other documents of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter referred to as the IPA CIS).Aim. Determine the types of appeals by courts of the Russian Federation to the texts of the recommendatory acts of the IPA CIS, adopted for the purpose of forming and implementing coordinated legislative activity on issues of common interest to the member states of the organization.Tasks. Collect and study acts of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as the system of federal courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts headed by it.Methods. The disclosure of the main trends in the courts’ resort to model laws and other documents of the CIS IPA occurred according to the following criteria: level and type of court that adopted the decision; the entity on whose initiative the appeal to the model act of the CIS IPA took place, as well as the consequences of the initiative on the part of the applicant or other participant in the process; the meaning (variant of manifestation) of the model document in the court ruling.Results. The study showed that courts at all levels of the judicial system of the Russian adopted decrees, rulings and decisions adopted in constitutional, civil, criminal and administrative proceedings, the content of which included references to model legal provisions. The initiative to use model legal norms came both from the court and from other participants in the process.Conclusion. The court decisions collected for the study presented different options for the use of model laws and other documents of the CIS IPA by courts, which provides grounds for redetermination of the nature of model legislative acts of the CIS IPA.

Online advertisements with scarcity messages and the association with attitudes for functional and symbolic aspects of vitamins and supplements

Purpose Scarcity appeals in advertising can increase consumer purchase intentions. This study aims to examine the impact of different online scarcity message appeals and the association with consumer attitudes for functional and symbolic aspects of vitamins and supplements. Design/methodology/approach This survey of 789 participants evaluated the scarcity appeals of high-demand message, limited-time message, low-stock message and countdown timer and the association with consumer attitudes for functional and symbolic aspects of vitamins and supplements. Findings The results showed that high-demand messages as compared to regular advertising messages was significantly associated with increased functional and symbolic scale scores. African Americans, Hispanics and Asian/Asian Americans were each significantly associated with increased functional and symbolic scale scores as compared whites. Advertising deception of veracity was significantly negatively associated with symbolic scale score but not associated with functional scale score. Advertising deception of ethical was significantly positively associated with symbolic scale score but not associated with functional scale score. Practical implications In conclusion, high-demand messages may be a particularly useful type of scarcity appeal to use in online advertising for vitamins and supplements. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of online advertising message scarcity types and how they are associated with consumers attitudes for functional and symbolic aspects of vitamins and supplements.

Performing What Is Absent: The Making of Representative Claims in the 2020 Chilean Constitutional Convention

Amid a crisis of political representation, Chile ran an institutional experiment. After a month of riots, lootings and human rights violations, in November 2019, the Chilean Parliament proposed the creation of a fully elected convention with the one objective of writing a new Constitution. The 155 members were elected in October 2020 and 62% of them were non-professional politicians but environmental activists, members of indigenous communities or feminist leaders. Inspired by the ideas of representative claim proposed by Saward and performativity coined by Butler, we analysed their inauguration speeches to observe how they attempted to constitute themselves as political representatives. We found that they relied upon four types of speech appeal in their political claims-making. We refer to these as the Agonistic (whereby the claim-maker purported to speak for “us” as opposed to “them”); the Climactic (whereby the claim-maker offered themselves as an embodiment of a historical coming of age for a particular group); the Biographical (the claim-maker focuses upon their personal qualities of identity with empathy towards a group); and the Trustee (whereby, adhering to more conventional rhetoric of representation, a claim-maker sets out their qualification to acknowledge and look after the interests and values of a particular group).

The effects of fear appeals on reactance in climate change communication

Addressing the existential threat posed by climate change requires urgent actions, both on an individual level and on a policy level. In the present research, we applied an emotion-based persuasion appeal model to climate change mitigation to test the effect of climate mitigation appeals formulated with different levels of threat (high vs. low) and appealing to different types of climate change solutions (individual vs. policy) in eliciting psychological reactance, motivating support for climate change mitigation, and influencing willingness to discuss the issue with others. Through an online between-subjects experiment, we found that appealing to individuals (as opposed to policy) increased individuals' perceived threat to freedom, and psychological reactance. Our threat manipulation increased levels of fear, but the interaction between level of threat and type of appeal was not statistically significant on any of our dependent variables. Results are discussed in light of the active debate regarding the effectiveness of fear appeals in the climate change communication context.

Qualitative versus quantitative impact communications in humanitarian appeals: Findings from a field experiment

We report a field experiment comparing the efficacy of two impact-based appeals conducted by Oxfam Australia. Both appeal types demonstrated Oxfam Australia’s previous humanitarian impact, one in a qualitative (narrative) and the other in a quantitative (statistical) manner. We find that the quantitative appeal caused both a greater number and size of donations. We also find heterogeneity in the treatment effects across donor characteristics.

So hard to say goodbye? A study on the impact of anthropomorphism on the retention of idle products

Through five studies, we examined how anthropomorphic design influences consumer retention of idle products during the post-purchase disposal phase. We also explored the psychological dynamics underpinning this effect and assessed how different types of message appeal—altruistic versus egoistic—modulate these dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that consumers are more likely to retain idle products with anthropomorphic designs compared to their non-anthropomorphic counterparts, owing to the anticipated guilt associated with the disposal of products with human-like qualities. This guilt-driven retention is mitigated by altruistic message appeals but remains intact under egoistic appeals, which provides an idea for alleviating the negative impact of product anthropomorphism.

Mitigating the influence of message features on health misinformation sharing intention in social media: Experimental evidence for accuracy-nudge intervention

RationaleThe escalating dissemination of health misinformation on social media platforms poses a significant threat to users' well-being. It is imperative to identify the types of health misinformation that are more susceptible to widespread dissemination and to explore strategies to curb its spread. MethodThis study designed a 2 (emotional appeal type: positive vs. negative) × 2 (fabricated source type: pseudo-common vs. pseudo-authoritative) × 2 (accuracy-nudge label: No vs. Yes) online between-subjects experiment controlling for factors such as e-health literacy, prior sharing experience, and personal involvement. A snowball sampling approach was used to recruit 1952 participants through social media, resulting in a final sample of 1393 valid responses. ResultsCompared to positive emotional appeal and pseudo-common sources, negative emotional appeal and pseudo-authoritative sources resulted in higher levels of sharing intention. Under the condition of negative emotional appeal, the promotion effect of pseudo-authoritative sources on sharing intention was intensified. The accuracy-nudge intervention could significantly mitigate this tendency. The underlying mechanisms revealed more details: both negative emotional appeals and pseudo-authoritative sources increased the perceived credibility of health misinformation, thereby increasing users' sharing intention. However, in contrast to pseudo-authoritative sources, excessive negative emotional appeal induced vigilant verification behavior among users, which reduced sharing to some extent. Adding an accuracy-nudge label to health misinformation reduced users' misguided trust in health misinformation features and stimulated information verification, ultimately reducing health misinformation sharing intention. ConclusionsNegative emotional appeal and pseudo-authoritative sources can enhance the perceived credibility of health misinformation, thereby strengthening the sharing intention of social media users. Therefore, health misinformation with negative emotional appeal and pseudo-authoritative sources is more likely to be widely shared. The accuracy nudge intervention can trigger users' information verification behavior, suppress the persuasive effects of the misinformation features mentioned above, and help prevent the spread of health misinformation on social media.

이커머스 플랫폼 상품 이미지의 표현 방법이 광고 태도에 미치는 영향

This study investigates the impact of expression methods in product images used on detailed pages in the cosmetics industry on e-commerce platforms, focusing on product type, function type, and appeal type, on advertising attitudes. The study employed a 2(product type: skincare vs. makeup) × 2(function type: still vs. motion) × 2(appeal type: rational vs. emotional) design, selecting representative products from Naver Shopping to create eight experimental stimuli. A survey was conducted with women aged 20 and older in South Korea from May 2 to 6, 2024, and a total of 44 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The results indicated that motion graphics induced higher advertising attitudes compared to still images, and emotional appeals led to higher advertising attitudes than rational appeals. This implies that dynamic elements in product images create a stronger impression on consumers, and emotional appeals enhance advertising effectiveness by evoking emotional responses. However, there was no statistically significant difference in advertising attitudes based on product type, nor were there significant interaction effects between product type, function type, and appeal type. These findings highlight the importance of dynamic images and emotional appeals in digital marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry. Future research should aim to generalize these results across diverse consumer groups and consider variables such as purchasing tendencies, skin characteristics, and age for a more comprehensive analysis. Further research in other industries is also necessary to determine if similar marketing elements yield consistent effects.

Impacts of Fear Appeal Type and Source Similarity in Horse-Racing Addiction Prevention Messages on Anticipated Regret and Discontinuance Intent between Horse-Racing Participant Types

PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the differences in anticipated regret and gambling discontinuance intent based on the fear appeal type and source similarity in different types of horse-racing gamblers. METHODS Using convenience sampling, 172 responses were collected from horse-racing participants who bought horseracing tickets within the last 6 months. After eliminating 30 insincere responses, descriptive, correlation, reliability, and two-way multivariate covariance analyses were conducted using SPSS Ver. 26.0. RESULTS Anticipated regret and discontinuance intent were higher under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. Compared to recreational gamblers, problem gamblers had higher anticipated regret and discontinuance intent under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. There were no differential impacts of source similarity on anticipated regret and discontinuance intent in both types of gambler. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners in charge of conducting messaging campaign to prevent addiction to horse-racing gambling may cause problem gamblers to expect regret and quit gambling by delivering preventive messages with relatively unfamiliar risks such as social risks, rather than familiar risks such as financial ones.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Digitalization Projects in the Field of Citizen Appeals, Considering Regional Specifics

The article examines the essence, goals and types of citizens' appeals, the procedure for their consideration, as well as the regulatory and organizational support of working with citizens' appeals. The issue of appeals of individuals to the executive bodies of state power in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation was considered in more detail. The problems of implementing digitalization projects in the field of receiving citizens' appeals are considered, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of digitalization projects in the field of receiving citizens' appeals is adapted, taking into account the specifics of the region, a comparative analysis of the implementation of digitalization projects is carried out on the example of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, comparing the results obtained for 2020-2022.

Речевой акт призыва как компонент англоязычного политического дискурса (на материале специального обращения Урсулы фон дер Ляйен, Давос, 2023 г.)

The aim of the research is to reveal the features of the functioning of direct, indirect and hidden appeals in English-language political discourse on the basis of the statements of the speech act theory. The scientific novelty of the study consists in disclosing the essential characteristics of different types of appeals in a socially significative political speech in English. The differentiation of direct, indirect and hidden appeals is revealed when being investigated in juridical and linguistic aspects. An appeal, inducing the addressee to perform a socially political action, is treated as part of social-political communication. This property turns appeals into an important tool that is often used in speeches by Western political leaders in order to influence the opinion and actions of the addressee. The results showed that indirect and hidden appeals are used in the studied political text, in which the illocutionary force of motivation is transmitted by formal means expressing other functional semantics. The use of indirect and hidden appeals is a feature of modern English-language political discourse, which is especially evident in the speeches of politicians calling for action against Russia.

How to effectively present “book now, pay later”: the effects of appeal type, temporal distance, and traveler type on attitudes and purchase intentions

How to effectively present “book now, pay later”: the effects of appeal type, temporal distance, and traveler type on attitudes and purchase intentions

Linguistic and cultural analysis of the components of speech etiquette (using the example of forms of address)

This article is devoted to the development of the logic of linguistic and cultural analysis of the components of speech etiquette on the example of forms of address. The article reveals the linguistic and cultural potential of the elements of speech etiquette and, in particular, forms of address. It is proposed to carry out a linguoculturological analysis of address in three stages: firstly, determining the type of appeal based on the scope of its functioning and ways of its expression; secondly, identifying the functions that the appeal performs in this context, depending on the scope of functioning and in connection with the ways of expression; thirdly, in the case of metaphorical and/or intertextuality of the appeal, their additional semantic extensions are revealed by cultural commentary. Examples of linguistic and cultural analysis of forms of address from letters of A. S. Pushkin are given. The important role of teaching linguocultural analysis in the process of teaching Russian as a native and as a foreign language is emphasized.

Consumers’ responses to metaverse ads: The roles of hedonic versus utilitarian appeal and the moderating role of need for touch

This research investigated whether vicarious touch in metaverse advertising could produce desired outcomes. We examined the influence of consumers’ need for touch (NFT) and specific message appeal types (hedonic vs. utilitarian) on the effectiveness of metaverse advertising. The results of Study 1 indicate that hedonic message appeals are more effective than utilitarian ones in an advertising campaign developed in a metaverse platform, and that consumer innovativeness increases effectiveness. In Study 2, we found that this effect was moderated by individuals’ NFT. Specifically, the hedonic message was more effective than the utilitarian message for individuals high in autotelic NFT, whereas the utilitarian message was more effective for individuals high in instrumental NFT. The theoretical and practical implications of this study for metaverse advertising are discussed.

Про інстанційний розгляд звернень громадян за захистом конституційних прав і свобод в Україні

The article is devoted to the analysis of the constituent elements of citizens’ appeals The types of appeals and ways of their resolution by public authorities and their officials within the limits of the powers granted to them by law are investigated. The grounds and procedure for processing appeals of individuals and legal entities to law enforcement agencies of other countries on the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes are considered. The article concludes that a wide range of appeals to public authorities for protection of violated rights and freedoms indicates that they are guaranteed in administrative (out-of-court) and judicial proceedings. The jurisdictional activity of public authorities when considering citizens’ complaints about violated rights and freedoms has an instance (stage) level, which is a condition for observance of the rule of law and other principles enshrined in the Constitution.

“Tears have never won anyone freedom:” a multimodal discourse analysis of Ukraine’s use of memes in a propaganda war of global scale

Abstract Purpose This paper analyzes memes posted by @Ukraine to X, formerly known as Twitter, from the account’s inception in 2016 through September 2023 to examine the function and utility of memes as tools of propaganda in global conflict. Methods A multimodal discourse analysis of more than 100 memes was conducted by a small research group to separate the memes into thematic categories in an exploratory fashion. Then, a small subset of the research group conducted a recursive analysis on the images and text in a handful of memes selected purposively to determine what types of ideological appeals were present. Results Our findings align with observations made in previous studies that internet memes might be used to bolster national unity and might be employed to bolster pleas for sympathy from wealthy, more powerful allies, in this case in the West. The essential propaganda ideals were those of democracy, friendship, and independence on the side of Ukraine while Russia is framed as a dictatorship. Practical Implications A small number of the memes referenced in our paper garnered global media attention. Though we do not make any claims about broad media effects relating to the memes studied here, garnering the attention of major U.S. publication seems clearly to have been a goal of some of these memes. For those who wish to find a key to the playbook for a nation’s propaganda strategy, its social media memes are a great place to begin. Social Implications It is apparent in this study that governments might use memes to cover all their propaganda bases, so to speak. Ukraine’s memes appear to serve mainly to reinforce messages of national unity and messages of connection with the West. Originality Though others have studied @Ukraine’s tweets, this is believed to be the first to focus exclusively on memes posted to the feed. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of how wildly varied memes can communicate core concepts of a propaganda strategy, perhaps with the hope that a few will “hit” with desired media outlets, if only to bolster propaganda efforts.

Influencers and donations: The impact of source and product benefits

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly using social media as a communication platform to promote their charitable marketing efforts. The purpose of our research is to investigate how NPOs can enhance message effectiveness by utilizing a social media influencer and different product benefit appeals (utilitarian vs. hedonic) in their social media posts to enhance attitudes toward the donation campaign and word‐of‐mouth (WOM) intention, leading to higher donation behavior. Across two experimental studies, we show that an NPO's donation post (i.e., social media post promoting a donation campaign) is evaluated more favorably when paired with a hedonic benefit appeal, while an influencer's donation post is more favorable when paired with a utilitarian benefit appeal. Further, we find that the effects of source and product benefit appeal types on donation behavior are serially mediated by attitude toward the donation campaign and WOM intention. As the use of influencers is becoming increasingly popular to support fundraising and charitable causes, our findings provide timely implications for researchers and practitioners who are interested in optimizing NPO communication strategies in the digital landscape.

Abstract or concrete? The impact of regional typicality and advertising appeal types on consumption intention toward geographical indication products.

The essential characteristic of geographical indication products is the association of the products with their region of origin. However, consumers have different associations between products and their region of origin (i.e., different regional typicality) according to different geographical indication products. In this regard, this research aims to explore how to adopt supporting advertising appeal types to improve consumers' attitudes and intentions toward geographical indication products with different regional typicality. To this end, this article proposes and tests the interaction between regional typicality and advertising appeal types on consumption intention toward products and the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of this effect. Using three studies, this research finds that the adoption of abstract (vs. concrete) appeal is more likely to enhance consumption intention toward products when the geographical indication products have high regional typicality. Moreover, the reverse is true when the geographical indication products have low regional typicality. Furthermore, the results show that processing fluency mediates the interaction effect. In addition, the high (low) regional typicality and abstract (concrete) appeal on consumption intention toward products are more significant in the distant (close) spatial distance condition. In this way, this research provides a new perspective for studying consumer behavior with respect to geographical indication products and has implications for promoting the sales of geographical indication products and enhancing the brand value of geographical indication.

Heart or mind? The impact of congruence on the persuasiveness of cognitive versus affective appeals in debunking messages on social media during public health crises

Designing persuasive debunking messages poses significant challenges in addressing rumors during public health crises, especially when confronting diverse informational backgrounds. However, the underlying mechanisms through which the congruence between debunking messages and background information influences their persuasiveness remains unclear. Therefore, drawing upon the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion theory, this study develops a theoretical model to explore how topic congruence and reputation congruence moderate the relationships between cognitive and affective appeals and debunking message persuasiveness. We collected 18,825 COVID-19 debunking posts and associated data from Sina Weibo. Employing linguistic psychoanalysis, machine learning algorithms, and econometric analysis, we operationalize key variables and subject our model to rigorous testing. The results indicated that cognitive appeals, including argument adequacy (β = 0.040, p < 0.01), evidence quality (β = 0.163, p < 0.01), expression certainty (β = 0.048, p < 0.01), media richness (β = 0.264, p < 0.01), and source credibility (β = 0.138, p < 0.01), as well as affective appeals, encompassing emotional pleasure (β = -0.020, p < 0.01), emotional arousal (β = 0.033, p < 0.01), and emotional dominance (β = 0.015, p < 0.01) significantly influenced debunking message persuasiveness through the central and peripheral cues of ELM, respectively. Moreover, topic congruence and reputation congruence exhibited differing moderating effects. Specifically, topic congruence amplified the impacts of cognitive appeals while weakening that of affective appeals on debunking message persuasiveness. Conversely, reputation congruence yielded inverse effects on the two types of appeals. These findings furnish invaluable insights for government authorities and social media platforms in comprehending the intricate mechanisms underlying debunking message persuasiveness, thereby facilitating the development of more persuasive strategies to counter rumors in public health emergencies.

Contrasting the response to past and future oriented appeals for help on donation-based crowdfunding platforms

ABSTRACT Despite a large body of research on donation-based crowdfunding platforms, the ways that people appeal for help, and the impact of different appeal types, remain unclear. In particular, it is not clear the extent to which individuals benefit from a temporal orientation on the past, where they can provide personal background, or the future, where they can explain how they will benefit from donors’ help. Building on a novel dataset of 6,282 fundraising campaigns and 44,757 donor comments gathered from a donation-based crowdfunding platform, this study analyzes donors’ financial contributions and expressions of emotional responses in response to past and future oriented appeals. This analysis combines an instrumental variable approach, propensity score matching, natural language processing, and image analysis. The results indicate that verbal responses are similar for past and future oriented appeals, but that future oriented appeals are more effective for fundraising. The results further suggest that, when lower levels of positive affect are used in past oriented appeals, this combination may be linked with more rapidly diminishing financial contributions over time.