Type Of Alcoholic Beverage Research Articles

URGENSI PENGATURAN PEREDARAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

This study discusses the urgency of setting up the circulation of alcoholic beverages in DIY formulated in the following three research problems: first, what is the urgency of Yogyakarta Province government in regulating the circulation of alcoholic drinks? Second, what is the basic principles underlying Yogyakarta Province authority to regulate the circulation of alcoholic beverages and what is the best form of legal products to regulate the circulation of alcoholic beverages in the province? Third, what are the materials of the regulations on the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Yogyakarta Province? This research is a normative juridical which uses primary law, secondary law, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that first, urgency settings of alcoholic beverages is intended as prevention (preventive), risk reduction (preparedness), responsiveness (response), as well as recovery efforts (recovery) from drinking alcoholic beverages. Secondly, the basis of the authority of Yogyakarta Province Government for the Distribution of Alcoholic Beverages regulation is rooted in Law 32 of 2004 and Presidential Decree No. 74 Year 2014. Third, the main points of the materials contain (i) the type and classification of alcoholic beverages; (ii) a ban on the production, distribution, sale and storage of alcoholic beverages; (iii) licensing; (iv) community participation.

Disaggregated econometric estimation of consumer demand response by alcoholic beverage types

The paper presents estimates of price elasticities of demand for 12 disaggregated alcoholic beverages in Australia: premium beer, full strength beer, low alcohol beer and mid-strength beer; red bottled wine, white bottled wine, sparkling wine, cask wine; dark and light ready-to-drink (RTD); and dark and light spirits. These disaggregated categories correspond closely to the commodities of interest to public policymakers with respect to taxation and health policies. The system of demand equations is estimated with Nielsen's data using a semiflexible Almost Ideal Demand System model in order to impose negative semi-definiteness on the demand parameters. Results indicate elastic own-price elasticities for virtually all commodities. Cross-price elasticities suggest that beverages most linked with negative externalities, namely full strength beer, dark RTD and dark spirits, may need to be taxed jointly. Any proposed tax increase to cask wine may also result in consumers shifting demand to more undesirable beverages. The elasticity estimates are used to illustrate the effect of a hypothetical change towards taxation equalisation based on alcohol content. These elasticities offer crucially needed inputs for analysing any tax change policies.

Assessing the ties of socioeconomic background and gender on the frequency and the type of alcoholic beverages consumed by French adolescents

Background: This study investigates the association of gender and standard of living with the consumption of alcoholic beverages by French adolescents.Methods: Data were examined from a national survey conducted in 2005 on a representative group of French 17-year-olds (n = 29 393). Three outcomes were considered: the frequency of alcohol consumption during the month prior the survey; the 14 alcoholic beverage types consumed, recoded into four major types (beer, wine, strong liquor, and other); and the different types of alcoholic beverages consumed. Standard of living was assessed using family occupational status (FOS) to determine the highest parental occupational category.Results: Boys reported consuming a more diverse range of alcoholic beverages than girls and showed a greater propensity for beer and strong liquor. The gender difference tends to narrow with wine and champagne. Adolescents from higher FOS were less exposed to frequent drinking but reported greater diversity in alcoholic beverages consumed. Results support the concept of a social gradient for all considered beverage types. Adolescents from higher FOS levels favor wine consumption, which tends to be moderate.Conclusion: The patterns of adolescent alcoholic beverage consumption precociously reflect those observed in the adult population. Prevention policies should take both socioeconomic and beverage types into consideration.

A prospective study of alcohol consumption and renal cell carcinoma risk.

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that alcohol consumption may reduce renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk, although inconsistent findings have been reported by sex and alcoholic beverage type. To better understand the relationship between alcohol consumption and RCC risk, we conducted an analysis within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. We followed up participants in the analytic cohort (N = 107,998) through 2010 for incident RCC (N = 408), and computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for alcohol intake using Cox regression with adjustment for age, sex, race, study center, hypertension, body mass index, and smoking status. In this study population increasing alcohol consumption was associated with reduced RCC risk compared to non-drinkers (>9.75 g day(-1) : HR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.50 to 0.89; p trend = 0.002). We observed similar patterns of association for men and women as well as by alcohol beverage type. In analyses stratified by smoking status, the inverse association with consumption was apparent for ever smokers (HR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.36 to 0.73; p trend<0.0001) but not among never smokers (HR, 1.08; 95%CI, 0.66 to 1.76; P trend = 0.78; p interaction = 0.01). Our study findings offer further support that alcohol consumption is associated with reduced RCC risk, regardless of sex or alcoholic beverage type. The finding of interaction with smoking is novel and requires confirmation.

한방 발효주 주박 추출물의 미백 및 피부 주름 개선 효과

Oriental herbal liquor (Yakju) is a type of Korean traditional alcoholic beverage that uses Nuruk and oriental herbs for fermentation. The purpose of this study was to develop cosmetic ingredients using Jubak, which is a by-product of alcoholic fermentation of oriental herbal liquor. To investigate antioxidant, whitening, and anti-aging effects of Jubak, we prepared extract of Jubak and its solvent fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction (KSD E4-3) showed the most prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) scavenging activity (SC50: 0.75 mg/mL). KSD E4-3 significantly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC50: 0.82 mg/mL) and reduced the melanin contents in mouse melanoma melanocyte, B16F10 cells. KSD E4-3 down-regulated protein expression of tyrosinase related proteins (TRP)-1, -2, which play key roles in melanogenesis. For anti-aging effects, inhibition of matrix metallo- proteinase (MMPs) expression was evaluated using human keratinocyte, HaCaT cells. Treatment of HaCaT cells with KSD E4-3 reduced expression of MMP-1, -2, -9 and inhibited proteolytic activities of MMP-2, -9. These results suggest that KSD E4-3 induces down-regulation of cellular melanogenesis and protects against photoaging induced by UVB-in- duced damage. Thus KSD E4-3 could potentially be a valuable cosmetic ingredient.

Alcohol intake and early-onset basal cell carcinoma in a case-control study.

Previous epidemiological studies of overall alcohol intake and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are inconsistent, with some evidence for differences by type of alcoholic beverage. While alcohol may enhance the carcinogenicity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, this has not been evaluated in existing epidemiological studies. To evaluate alcohol intake in relation to early-onset BCC, and explore potential interactions with UV exposure. Basal cell carcinoma cases (n = 380) and controls with benign skin conditions (n = 390) under 40 years of age were identified through Yale Dermatopathology. Participants provided information on lifetime alcohol intake, including type of beverage, during an in-person interview. Self-reported data on indoor tanning and outdoor sunbathing were used to categorize UV exposure. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional multivariate logistic regression in the full sample and in women only. There was no statistically significant association between lifetime alcohol intake and early-onset BCC overall [above median intake vs. no regular alcohol intake (OR 1·10, 95% CI 0·69-1·73)] or in women only (OR 1·21, 95% CI 0·73-2·01). Similarly, intake of red wine, white wine, beer or spirits and mixed drinks was not associated with early-onset BCC. In exploratory analyses, we saw limited evidence for an interaction (P(interaction) = 0·003), with highest risk for high alcohol and high UV exposures, especially in women, but subgroup risk estimates had wide and overlapping CIs. Overall, we did not observe any clear association between lifetime alcohol intake and early-onset BCC.

Alcohol intake, alcoholic beverage type and multiple myeloma risk: a meta-analysis of 26 observational studies

This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and multiple myeloma (MM) risk. Eligible publications were sought in PubMed to 31 December 2013. Separate analyses were performed by study design, gender, alcoholic beverages and levels of consumption. Sixteen case–control studies (3921 cases and 19 594 controls) and 10 cohort studies (3167 incident cases in total cohort of 2 557 649 subjects) were eligible. Ever consumption of alcohol was associated with reduced MM risk (pooled relative risk [RR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.99) and especially consumption of wine correlated with reduced MM risk (pooled RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.89 for ever drinkers). MM risk was not affected by beer or liquor intake. A protective association was observed among females (pooled RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.89 for ever drinkers), whereas the association among males seemed null. In conclusion, contrary to most solid tumors, alcohol intake may confer protection in terms of MM risk among females, with wine being particularly beneficial.

Alcohol and breast cancer: reconciling epidemiological and molecular data.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible causative role of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, such conclusions should be interpreted with considerable caution for several reasons. While epidemiological studies can help identify the roots of health problems and disease incidence in a community, they are by necessity associative and cannot determine cause and effect relationships. In addition, all these studies rely on self-reporting to determine the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed, which introduces recall bias. This is documented in a recent study which stated that the apparent increased risk of cancer among light-moderate drinkers may be "substantially due to underreporting of intake." Another meta-analysis about alcohol and breast cancer declared "the modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question." Furthermore, breast cancer develops over decades; thus, correlations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer cannot be determined in epidemiological studies with windows of alcohol exposure that captures current or recent alcohol intake, after clinical diagnosis. Numerous risk factors are involved in breast carcinogenesis; some are genetic and beyond the control of a woman; others are influenced by lifestyle factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and polygenic disease which is further influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that affect the transciptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and ultimately breast cancer evolution. Environmental factors add another layer of complexity by their interactions with the susceptibility genes for breast cancer and metabolic diseases. The current state-of-knowledge about alcohol and breast cancer association is ambiguous and confusing to both a woman and her physician. Confronting the huge global breast cancer issue should be addressed by sound science. It is advised that women with or without a high risk for breast cancer should avoid overconsumption of alcohol and should consult with their physician about risk factors involved in breast cancer. Since studies associating moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer are contradictory, a woman and her physician should weigh the risks and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption.

Alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results from the CoLaus study

Background and aimsModerate alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but whether this association is also valid for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is less well known. We aimed at assessing the impact of alcohol consumption and of type of alcoholic beverage on the incidence of T2DM and T2DM + IFG. Methods and resultsAs many as 4765 participants (2613 women, mean age 51.7 ± 10.5 years) without T2DM at baseline and followed for an average of 5.5 years. The association between alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage and outcomes was assessed after adjustment for a validated T2DM risk score. During follow-up 284 participants developed T2DM and 643 developed IFG. On bivariate analysis, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the risk of developing T2DM or T2DM + IFG. Moderate (14–27 units/week) alcohol consumption tended to be associated with a lower risk of T2DM, but no protective effect was found for T2DM + IFG. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and (95% confidence interval) for T2DM: 0.89 (0.65–1.22), 0.66 (0.42–1.03) and 1.63 (0.93–2.84) for 1−13, 14−27 and 28 + units/week, respectively (p for quadratic trend < 0.005). For T2DM + IFG, the corresponding ORs were 1.09 (0.90–1.32), 1.33 (1.02–1.74) and 1.54 (0.99–2.39), respectively, p for trend = 0.03. No specific effect of alcoholic beverage (wine, beer or spirits) was found for T2DM or for T2DM + IFG. ConclusionModerate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM, but not of developing T2DM + IFG. No specific effect of type of alcoholic beverage was found.

Prácticas de consumo de bebidas etílicas en una “Casa de Negocios” pampeana de fines del siglo XIX. Análisis de precintos de plomo y de fragmentos vítreos (Posta el Caldén, Departamento de Realicó, La Pampa)

En el marco del proyecto Ubacyt F 095 que tiene como parte de sus objetivos estudiar y comprender el poblamiento del norte de la provincia de La Pampa posterior a las campañas militares de fines del siglo XIX, se presenta el análisis de los precintos de plomo y fragmentos vítreos provenientes del sitio Posta el Caldén (sección I, fracción A, lote 24). Dicho sitio se trata de una posta de caminos y casa de negocios ocupada hacia fines del siglo XIX. La misma pertenecía a una línea de postas entre las ciudades de Victorica (Provincia de La Pampa) y General Villegas (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Se realizarán análisis morfológico – funcional, metalográfico mediante microscopia óptica (LM) y electrónica de barrido (SEM) y químico utilizando espectroscopia de rayos X dispersiva en energía (EDS) de las piezas bajo estudio. El objetivo fue determinar tipos de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas y procedencia de las mismas. Se identificaron diversos tipos y marcas de bebidas de tenor etílico, se determinó que el material de confección de los precintos era de plomo recubierto con estaño típico de la técnica de confección denominada roll bonding. Esta información será de utilidad a la hora de estudiar las prácticas sociales de estos nuevos grupos de inmigrantes en combinación con las fuentes escritas y la historia oral.

Regional differences in patterns of alcohol consumption: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank study on half a million people from 10 regions

To describe the regional differences on patterns of alcohol consumption across 10 study in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) areas involving half a million adults. The baseline survey of CKB took place in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China during 2004-2008. Detailed information on alcohol consumption of 512 891 participants aged 30-79 years was gathered and analyzed. were directly standardized on age (in 10-age groups) and education (5 groups) structure of the study population for different sex. The overall prevalence rates of regular drinking (i.e., at least weekly) were 33.1% among men and 2.2% among women. Among men, the prevalence rate was seen highest in Harbin (52.0%) and Sichuan (50.2%), but lowest in Gansu (8.1%) and Haikou (18.8%). Most regular drinkers in Sichuan, Hunan, and Gansu habitually drank strong spirits (≥ 40% alcohol content), whereas beer was most commonly consumed in Harbin and Qingdao, with rice wine most commonly used in the southern regions (Haikou, Suzhou,Zhejiang and Liuzhou). Mean alcohol consumption was highest in Sichuan (414.6 g/week). Although the mean alcohol consumptions appeared lower on regular occasion in Gansu (195.2 g/week) and Henan (239.6 g/week) than in other regions, the amount consumed on special occasions in these two regions were the highest (Henan:202.3 g/day; Gansu:171.2 g/day). Similar patterns were also seen in women. Of all the regular drinkers, 82.6% of men and 56.6% of women reported heavy drinking episodes (men: >60 g, women: >40 g) on special occasions. The patterns of alcohol consumption including prevalence, frequency, amount, binge drinking pattern, and type of alcohol beverage varied greatly among the ten areas of CKB under study.

The J-shaped Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Background: Alcohol is considered to be a co-carcinogen as well as a tumor promoter, with several studies showing a linear dose-dependent association. However, moderate alcohol consumption has been found to be protective as far as cardiovascular diseases are concerned. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of alcohol intake with breast cancer. Design: It is a case – control study. Patients: Two hundred and fifty consecutive newly (within six months) diagnosed breast cancer patients with first developed breast cancer (56±12 years) and 250 age-matched controls were studied. Main Outcome Measures: A special questionnaire assessing various socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle and dietary characteristics, was applied through face-to-face interviews. Moreover, frequency of alcohol intake (i.e., never, rarely, 3-4 times/month, 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week, daily) and type (i.e., red or white wine, beer, whisky, other beverages) of alcoholic beverages consumed were also recorded. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the MedDietScore (theoretical range 0-55). Results: Alcohol drinking on a weekly basis (i.e., 3-4 times/week) was associated with lower likelihood of having breast cancer (OR=0.16; 95%CI 0.03, 0.80), while higher consumption showed opposite results. Moreover, it was revealed that wine drinking was associated with lower odds of breast cancer (OR=0.60; 95%CI 0.35, 1.00) with no significant differences between red or white wine. Limitations: The major limitation of this study was the potential recall bias. Conclusions: Moderate alcohol intake, and especially wine consumption, seem to be associated with breast cancer prevention. Keywords: Diet, alcohol, breast cancer, nutrition.

Nutritional status of alcoholics in peri-urban areas of the greater Accra region of Ghana

Alcoholism is a common problem in developing countries. Epidemiological studies on the relationship among excessive alcohol consumption, malnutrition and anaemia are inconclusive. The present study examined the association between alcohol intake and nutritional status of alcoholics in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study was cross-sectional involving 107 participants (men and women) aged between 20 and 76 years. Participants were identified as alcoholics after screening with a combined, but modified CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Anthropometric data including weight, biceps skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected. Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-hip ratio were computed using appropriate measures. Haemoglobin levels of participants were also assessed. Dietary intakes of respondents were estimated by 24-hour recall which was further converted into nutrients and energy using ESHA food processor. A pretested questionnaire was also used to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants. Differences between participants based on level of alcohol intake and correlations among variables were tested for statistical significance using ANOVA and correlation analyses, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between levels of total ethanol intake and overweight and obesity factors while controlling for age, smoking status, physical activity and total energy intake. There was an inverse correlation between triceps skinfold and level of alcohol consumption irrespective of predominant type of alcoholic beverage consumed (r= -0.213, P= 0.028). Further, there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers (r= 0.585, P= 0.046). A strong positive correlation was observed between alcohol intake and haemoglobin concentration for women (r= 0.729, P= 0.040) but not among men (r= -0.053, P= 0.722). Predominant beer consumers tend to have higher weight and BMI. Moderate level of total ethanol intake was associated with greater odds of being overweight/obese, whereas high levels of intake was associated with lower odds of being overweight/obesity although these were not statistically significant. The mechanisms for the observation of higher weight, BMI and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers in this population need further exploration.

Volume and Type of Alcohol During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage

Background: Research on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and miscarriage spans over three decades, yet the relationship is still not well-understood. Objectives: To assess the relationship between volume and type of alcohol consumed during pregnancy in relation to miscarriage. Methods: We utilized data from a population-based cohort study of pregnant women (n = 1061) of which 172 (16%) women had a miscarriage. Upon study entry, participants were asked about their alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Based on the average number of drinks per week, women were categorized into one of three categories: four or more drinks per week (n = 32, 3%), less than four drinks per week (n = 403, 38%), and no alcohol intake (n = 626, 59%). In addition, women were categorized by the type of alcohol beverage they consumed: beer only (n = 47, 4%), spirits only (n = 56, 5%), wine only (n = 160, 15%), or a combination of two or more types of alcohol (n = 172, 16%). Results: A significant increased risk of miscarriage (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38, 5.10) was found for women who drank four or more drinks a week. Our findings also suggest the relationship between alcohol intake during pregnancy and miscarriage is strongest for miscarriage occurring prior to 10 weeks of gestation. In addition, women who drank only spirits had more than a two-fold increased risk of miscarriage compared to women who abstained (aHR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.81). Conclusions/Importance: Future research assessing the factors that may contribute to an increased risk of miscarriage should consider the type of alcohol consumed.

An Expanding Knowledge of the Mechanisms and Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease

Over the last 2 decades, observational evidence largely supports an association between light to moderate alcohol consumption (up to 1 drink per day in women and up to 2 drinks per day in men) and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely driven by a reduction in coronary heart disease. Most studies suggest a nadir in risk in the light to moderate range of alcohol intake, which is then countered by an increase in cardiomyopathy, sudden death, and hemorrhagic stroke at higher drinking levels that offsets potential benefits. The mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of alcohol are complex and there are multiple pathways by which moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of CVD. Recent evidence continues to emerge on the physiologic and genetic mechanisms through which alcohol may reduce the risk of developing CVD. Ongoing debate also lingers whether there are important differences in cardiovascular effects according to alcoholic beverage type (beer vs red wine vs liquor). Another emerging area of interest is the role of alcohol consumption on the development of intermediate cardiovascular endpoints such as hypertension and diabetes that lead to the development of CVD as well as other important cardiovascular sequelae. Alcohol consumption has also been shown to impact the risk of other CVD endpoints including congestive heart failure, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral artery disease. Overall, alcohol still carries significant public health implications given its plausible benefits on CVD along with its well-documented adverse effects, warranting continued caution and a discussion with one's primary care provider regarding intake.

Alcohol, cardiovascular prevention and cancer

It is well known that light to moderate drinking (10-25 g/day) has a protective effect on ischaemic heart disease. This effect seems independent of the type of alcoholic beverage. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization) stated that alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic for human (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver and breast). There is a dose-response relationship between alcohol and cancer in that the risk of cancer increases proportionally with alcohol consumption. Low doses of alcohol (10 g/day) are associated with an increased risk for oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus and breast cancer. Therefore, a physically active lifestyle and a healthy diet are more effective in preventing ischaemic heart disease than a low level of alcohol consumption.

부산지역 남녀 대학생의 음주태도 및 음주행태 비교분석

This study investigates drinking attitudes and behaviors of university students. The sample included 355 students living in Busan, Korea. The questionnaire addressed general background information (gender, age, grade and monthly pocket money), drinking attitudes (understanding the effects of alcohol on the body, stereotype of drink, age at the first drink, the drinking companion at the first drink, reasons for starting to drink, main drinking companions, major reasons for drinking, the history of drinking alone, and reasons for drinking alone), drinking behaviors (the cost of each drinking occasion, drinking amounts, the frequency of drinking, the frequency of heavy drinking, the type of alcoholic beverage, and the places of drinking). A few respondents (both male and female students) started drinking while in high school (p<0.05), and most respondents drank with friends (males: 91.0%, female: 92.2%). The main reasons for drinking were the mood for male student (46.3%) and relationships for female student (49.1%) (p<0.05). Male respondents consumed more than seven glasses of soju (39.9%), whereas female respondents, five to seven glasses (49.7%) (p<0.05). On average, the respondents drank one to two times a week (males: 47.9%, females: 51.5%) and experienced heavy drinking one to three times every three months (males: 19.1%, females: 21.0%) (p<.05). The results suggest that students with frequent alcohol consumption and heavy alcohol dependence are likely to face problems and thus require aggressive intervention strategies that target them specifically.

The Frequency of Company-Sponsored Alcohol Brand-Related Sites on Facebook™ –2012

Background: This research provides an estimate of the frequency of company-sponsored alcohol brand-related sites on Facebook™. Objectives: We conducted a systematic overview of the extent of alcohol brand-related sites on Facebook™ in 2012. Methods: We conducted a 2012 Facebook™ search for sites specifically related to 898 alcohol brands across 16 different alcoholic beverage types. Descriptive statistics were produced using Microsoft SQL Server. Results: We identified 1,017 company-sponsored alcohol-brand related sites on Facebook™. Conclusions: Our study advances previous literature by providing a systematic overview of the extent of alcohol brand sites on Facebook™.

Does beverage type and drinking context matter in an alcohol-related injury? Evidence from emergency department patients in Latin America

BackgroundPrevious studies have already substantiated alcohol's causal role in injuries. Yet the role that alcoholic beverage preferences and the drinking context play in the risk for injury is still under-investigated. In this study, a cross-national comparison of the association between alcohol and injury focusing on beverage type preference and the drinking context is reported. MethodsEmergency department (ED) injured patients were interviewed in eight countries from the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. Data on the type of alcoholic beverage, total alcohol volume, and the place where the injury occurred were obtained from patients who reported any alcohol consumption within 6h prior to being injured. Patients who did not drink prior to injury were also asked about their typical drinking pattern and the injury place. Differences within- and between-groups were evaluated regarding patients’ typical drinking and drinking before injury. ResultsBeer was the most prevalent beverage type usually consumed among injured patients across countries, however, patients who drank before injury had a higher typical consumption of spirits than those not drinking prior to injury. The total alcohol volume typically consumed and drinking in public settings were also found to be positively associated with alcohol-related injury. ConclusionsA similar beverage-specific association with alcohol-related injury was found across LAC countries, mainly attributed to beer consumption, and spirits drinkers seem to have a greater chance of becoming involved in injury events. Future prevention strategies should inform the public about harms from drinking associated with the context in which drinking takes place.

Alcohol Quantity and Type on Risk of Recurrent Gout Attacks: An Internet-based Case-crossover Study

ObjectivesAlthough beer and liquor have been associated with risk of incident gout, wine has not. Yet anecdotally, wine is thought to trigger gout attacks. Further, how much alcohol intake is needed to increase the risk of gout attack is not known. We examined the quantity and type of alcohol consumed on risk of recurrent gout attacks. MethodsWe conducted a prospective Internet-based case-crossover study in the US among participants with gout and who had at least one attack during the 1 year of follow-up. We evaluated the association of alcohol intake over the prior 24 hours as well as the type of alcoholic beverage with risk of recurrent gout attack, adjusting for potential time-varying confounders. ResultsThis study included 724 participants with gout (78% men, mean age 54 years). There was a significant dose-response relationship between amount of alcohol consumption and risk of recurrent gout attacks (P <.001 for trend). The risk of recurrent gout attack was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.88) and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.09-2.09) times higher for >1-2 and >2-4 alcoholic beverages, respectively, compared with no alcohol consumption in the prior 24 hours. Consuming wine, beer, or liquor was each associated with an increased risk of gout attack. ConclusionsEpisodic alcohol consumption, regardless of type of alcoholic beverage, was associated with an increased risk of recurrent gout attacks, including potentially with moderate amounts. Individuals with gout should limit alcohol intake of all types to reduce the risk of recurrent gout attacks.