Type Genus Research Articles

Evolutionary History and Taxonomic Reclassification of the Critically Endangered Daggernose Shark, a Species Endemic to the Western Atlantic

The family Carcharhinidae includes the most typical and recognizable sharks, although its internal classification is the subject of extensive debate. In particular, the type genus, Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816, which is also the most speciose, appears to be paraphyletic in relation to a number of morphologically distinct taxa. Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Valenciennes, 1839) (the daggernose shark) is a carcharinid, which is endemic to a limited area of the Western Atlantic between Trinidad and Tobago and the Gulf of Maranhão in northern Brazil, one of the smallest ranges of any New World elasmobranch species. In recent decades, I. oxyrhynchus populations have been decimated by anthropogenic impacts, which has led to the classification of the species as critically endangered by the IUCN. However, there is considerable debate on both the validity of the species (I. oxyrhynchus) and the status of Isogomphodon Gill, 1862 as a distinct entity from the genus Carcharhinus. The present study is based on a molecular assessment of the genetic validity of the I. oxyrhynchus that combines mitochondrial and nuclear markers, which were used to identify the biogeographic events responsible for the emergence and dispersal of the species in northern Brazil. The genetic distance analyses and phylogenetic trees confirmed the paraphyly of the genus Carcharhinus, recovering a clade comprising Carcharhinus+I. oxyrhynchus+Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). Our results indicate not only that the daggernose shark is actually a member of the genus Carcharhinus, but that it is genetically more closely related to Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) than it is to the other Carcharhinus species analyzed. Given this, I. oxyrhynchus and P. glauca are therefore reclassified and recognized as Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus and Carcharhinus glaucus. The daggernose shark, Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus, diverged from C. porosus during the Miocene, when significant geomorphological processes occurred on the northern coast of South America, in particular in relation to the configuration of the Amazon River. It is closely associated with the area of the Amazon plume, and its distinctive morphological features represent autapomorphic ecological adaptations to this unique habitat and do not reflect systematic distinction from Carcharhinus.

A new tribe, genus and species of the tenebrionid subfamily Lagriinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber.

A new genus and species are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Archaeoluprops groehni gen. et sp. nov. This fossil darkling beetle of the subfamily Lagriinae (Tenebrionidae) is externally similar to species of the tribes Lupropini and Goniaderini having the robust pubescent body and estriate elytra, but differs in the absence of intersegmental membranes between abdominal ventrites 3-5 (tentyrioid hinging) and accordingly the primary absence of defensive glands. Combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters and other differences from all extinct and extant lagriine tribes allows to establish the new tribe Archaeolupropini trib. nov. (type genus Archaeoluprops), which is probably a basal group in relation to the non-basal clade Lagriini-Chaerodini-Lupropini-Pycnocerini-Goniaderini-(probably Gonialaenini) + Laenini. All Baltic amber lagriine tribes are absent in extant faunas of middle latitudes of Europa.

New Representative of the Family Hydroscaphidae from Tunguska Basin, the Boundary of the Permian and Triassic (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) with Review on Myxophagan Fossil Records

Palaeoscapha tunguskaensisgen. et sp. nov., the oldest representative of the family Hydroscaphidae, is described from the Tunguska Basin in Siberia, dated from the boundary of the Permian and Triassic. It is assigned to the subfamily Triamyxinae, stat. nov. New diagnoses of the Hydroscaphidae and Triamyxinae are proposed. The new subfamily Leehermaniinae subfam. nov.(type genus Leehermania) is erected. The fossil record of the suborder Myxophaga is reviewed and revised with some taxonomic notes and synonymy of some generic and species names in the family Lepiceridae, known from Burmese amber. Different aspects of the evolutionary history of this suborder are discussed. A synonymy of Haplochelus and Lepiceratusis proposed.

The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1881 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (Part 3): new species and redescription of previously described species

Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, the type genus of Syllidae, is the largest and most diverse within the family. This genus presents many taxonomic, biogeographic, and phylogenetic problems due mainly to the lack of molecular data and morphological synapomorphies for many of the species, but also due to poor or inadequate descriptions. In order to improve the knowledge of the genus, we have undertaken a morphological revision of Australian species, based on type material and material collected over years by the Australian Museum. This is the third paper dealing with this family. Eighteen species are herein described, of which five are new and twelve are redescriptions of already known species, with four new combinations: Syllis imajimai, n. sp.; S. narranuk, n. sp.; S. noolinga, n. sp.; S. similisunzima, n. sp.; S. thylacine, n. sp.; S. busseltonensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982) n. comb.; S. patriciae (Hartmann-Schröder, 1981) n. comb.; S. pharobroomensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) n. comb., S. pharynxcircunfusata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) n. comb, S. armillaris (O. F. Müller, 1771); S. augeneri Haswell, 1920; S. benelihauae (Campoy & Alquézar, 1982); S. hyalina Grube, 1863; S. cf. nigrescens Grube, 1878; S. profunda Cognetti, 1955; S. truncata Haswell, 1920; and S. variegata Grube, 1860.

Supplemental skeleton revision of Pseudorbitoididae M.G. Rutten, 1935 from mainly Tethyan and partly American provinces

The nine genera here described from the Tethyan and four genera from the American and Caribbean provinces have previously been placed within different families of Foraminifera by various authors, namely, Arnaudiella DOUVILLÉ, Sirtina BRÖNNIMANN and WIRZ, Vanderbeekia BRÖNNIMANN and WIRZ, Helicorbitoides MACGILLAVRY, Dizerina MERİÇ, Sirelella ÖZGEN-ERDEM and Cideina SİREL were shown in Lepidorbitoitidae VAUGHAN; Postorbitokathina SİREL and Orbitokathina HOTTINGER in Rotaliidae EHRENBERG; Helicolepidina TOBLER, Helicosteginopsis CAUDRI, Eulinderina BARKER and GRIMSDALE and Helicostegina BARKER and 
 GRIMSDALE in Lepidocyclinidae SCHEFFEN, in spite of the fact that all of them have characteristics of both rotaliid early and orbitoidal adult stages. Thus the growth stages such as rotaloid early and orbitoidal adult stages of the aforementioned genera correspond with the known family Pseudorbitoididae RUTTEN and its type genus Pseudorbitoides DOUVILLÉ. Therefore the thirteen genera found in great abundance in the Tethyan, American and Caribbean provinces have been transferred to Pseudorbitoididae RUTTEN.

A new species of Decimoconularia (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the Lower Cambrian of South China

Hexangulaconulariids, a family of biradially symmetrical medusozoan cnidarians, have been widely reported from the Lower Cambrian of South China. The four currently recognized genera of hexangulaconulariids differ from each other mainly in the number of faces in the abapical region of the periderm. However, previously published illustrations of the monospecific type genus, Hexangulaconularia, clearly show two distinct morphotypes, one with six faces and the other with 10. Specimens with 10 faces are herein reassigned to the genus Decimoconularia. In addition, the new species D. anisfacialis is described from the Kuanchuanpu Formation (Cambrian Fortunian Stage) in the Kuanchuanpu and Shizhonggou sections in Ningqiang County, southern Shaanxi Province, China. Also described are additional specimens of H. formosa from the same formation in the Zhangjiagou section in Xixiang County, southern Shaanxi Province, and from Member 2 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Fortunian Stage) in western Hubei Province. The discovery of D. anisfacialis extends the known stratigraphical range of Decimoconularia, now composed of two species, downward from Cambrian Stage 2 into the Fortunian Stage. Additionally, certain specimens previously assigned to H. formosa are reassigned to D. anisfacialis. The diagnoses of Hexangulaconularia, Decimoconularia, and Hexangulaconulariidae are emended accordingly. In accordance with the rule of time priority, the previously designated type genus and species, Hexaconularia He and Yang, 1986 and Hexaconularia sichuanensis He and Yang, 1986, are replaced herein by Hexangulaconularia He, in Xing et al., 1983.

Phaeotubakialithocarpicola gen. et sp. nov. (Tubakiaceae, Diaporthales) from leaf spots in China.

Tubakiaceae represents a distinct lineage of Diaporthales, including its type genus Tubakia and nine additional known genera. Tubakiaceous species are commonly known as endophytes in leaves and twigs of many tree species, but can also be plant pathogens causing conspicuous leaf symptoms. In the present study, isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Lithocarpusglaber collected in Guangdong Province, China. The identification was conducted based on morphology and phylogeny of combined loci of 28S nrRNA gene (LSU), internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) of the nrDNA operon, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and beta tubulin (tub2). As a result, a distinct clade in Tubakiaceae was revealed named Phaeotubakialithocarpicola gen. et sp. nov., which was distinguished from the other tubakiaceous taxa by its dark brown conidiogenous cells and conidia.

Nonstationary homoclinic solutions for infinite-dimensional fractional reaction-diffusion system with two types of superlinear nonlinearity

This paper is dedicated to studying nonstationary homoclinic solutions with the least energy for a class of fractional reaction-diffusion system \begin{document}$ \begin{eqnarray*} \label{1.1} \left\{\begin{array}{lll} \partial_t u+ (-\Delta)^s u+V(x)u+W(x)v = H_v(t, x, u, v), \\ - \partial_t v + (-\Delta)^s v+V(x)v+W(x)u = H_u(t, x, u, v), \\ |u(t, x)|+|v(t, x)|\rightarrow 0, \ \ \text{as}\ \ |t|+|x|\rightarrow \infty, \end{array} \right. \end{eqnarray*} $\end{document} where $ 0<s<1, \ z = (u, v): \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^N\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{2} $, which originate from a wide variety of fields such as theoretical physics, optimal control, chemistry and biology. We obtain ground state solutions of Nehari-Pankov type under mild conditions on the nonlinearity by further developing non-Nehari method with two types of superlinear nonlinearity. If in addition the corresponding functional is even, we also obtain infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions by using some arguments about deformation type and Krasnoselskii genus. Nevertheless, we need to overcome some difficulties: one is that the associated functional is strongly indefinite, the second is due to the absence of strict monotonicity condition, a key ingredient of seeking the ground state solution on suitable manifold, we need some new methods and techniques. The third lies that some delicate analysis are needed for the dropping of classical super-quadratic assumption on the nonlinearity and in verifying the link geometry and showing the boundedness of Cerami sequences.

Toward a New Classification of Planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 1. What Do Fulgoridiidae Really Cover?

The basal classification of planthoppers (Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha) is revised. The wrinkled ambient vein (appendix) on the fore wing is given as an apomorphic character for the Fulgoromorpha for which the Pennsylvanian, Moscovian genus Aviorrhyncha (310 Mya), Aviorrhynchidae, is the oldest representative to date. All other planthopper taxa belong to the informal eucixioidean lineage. Coleoscytoidea and Surijokocixiioidea are downgraded to the family level. Permian genus Reticulocicada is formally transferred from Hemiptera incertae sedis to Coleoscytidae. Fulgoridiidae are reviewed and upgraded to superfamily Fulgoridioidea superfam. nov. Superfamilies Fulgoroidea stat. nov. includes all extant families, except families Cixiidae, Delphacidae, and Lalacidae grouped into Cixioidea superfam. nov., while Jubisentidae, Mimarachnidae, Neazoniidae and Perforissidae remain incertae sedis families in the eucixioidean lineage. Rather than being seen as a “stratigraphic taxon” (e.g., all Jurassic planthoppers belong to Fulgorididiidae), monophyly of Fulgoridioidea is confirmed, based on a complex synapomorphic character: posterior branches of the CuA aligned in series along the CuP, arising from two successive prenodal nodes, and whose anterior branches emerge distinctly anteriorly. Accordingly, the taxonomic composition of Fulgoridioidea includes: 1) Fulgoridiidae (restricted to genera Cixiites, Eofulgoridium, Stonymetopus, Fulgoridium (type genus) and Valvifulgoria, 2) the already described families: Jurassic Qiyangiricaniidae, Triassic Szeiinidae, mid-Cretaceous taxa Dorytocidae, Inoderbidae, Katlasidae; 3) several incertae sedis genera transferred from Perforissidae: Aafrita, Aonikenkissus, Foveopsis, Iberofoveopsis, Lanlakawa, aberrant paratype specimen of Tsaganema oshanini, and genus Aulieezidium excluded from Fulgoridiidae, and 4) the Eocene taxa Weiwoboidae and genus Emiliana transferred from Tropiduchidae. In reverse, genera Compactofulgoridium, Conofulgoridium, Fenghuangor, Fulgoridiella, Fulgoridulum, Fulgoropsis, Margaroptilon, Metafulgoridium, Parafulgoridium, Procercofulgoridium, Productofulgoridium and Tetrafulgoria, are excluded from Fulgoridiidae and transferred to eucixioidean lineage incertae sedis.

Filling the gaps: missing taxon names at the ranks of class, order and family.

The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) recently underwent some major modifications regarding the higher taxonomic ranks. On the one hand, the phylum category was introduced into the ICNP, which rapidly led to the valid publication of more than forty names of phyla. On the other hand, a decision on the retroactivity of Rule 8 regarding the names of classes was made, which removed most of the nomenclatural uncertainty that had affected those names during the last decade. However, it turned out that a number of names at the ranks of class, order and family are either not validly published or are validly published but illegitimate, although these names occur in the literature and are based on the type genus of a phylum with a validly published name. A closer examination of the literature for these and similar cases indicates that the names are unavailable under the ICNP either because of minor formal errors in the original descriptions, because another name should have been adopted for the taxon when the name was proposed, because of taxonomic uncertainties that were settled in the meantime, or because the names were placed on the list of rejected names. The purpose of this article is to fill the gaps by providing the missing formal descriptions and to ensure that the resulting taxon names are attributed to the original authors who did the taxonomic work.

Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature ofTrogodermaLatreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra BeetleTrogoderma granariumEverts

AbstractThe hide, larder, and carpet beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are a family of mainly scavenger beetles, with numerous species such as the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898), the black carpet beetle [Attagenus unicolor (Brahm, 1791)] and the hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774) being widely recognized as serious economic pests of stored products and museum collections. A stable classification and reliable identification of genera and species of these pests and their 1,700 relatives are of great relevance for trade restrictions, biosecurity, pest management, forensics, and biodiversity surveys. In this study, we examined and sequenced mitochondrial genomes of 477 dermestid specimens, representing all subfamilies and 90% of the globally recognized tribes and subtribes. Our study provides the most comprehensive, taxonomically verified, and vouchered resource of mitochondrial reference sequences linked to specimen images and occurrence records of pests and their relatives, enabling eDNA surveys, metabarcoding and molecular species identification. It also reconstructs the phylogeny of Dermestidae based on molecular and morphological data for the first time, thereby providing robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a stable classification system from family to genus-level. Accordingly, a revised classification of Dermestidae with formal nomenclatural changes is proposed, recognizing six subfamilies: Orphilinae, Trinodinae, Trogoparvinae subfam. nov. (type genus TrogoparvusHáva, 2001), Dermestinae, Attageninae, and Megatominae. Trinodinae is recovered towards the base of Dermestidae with three tribes: Trinodini (=Trinoparvini syn. nov.), Thylodriini, and Trichelodini. Dermestinae is the only subfamily with adults lacking a median ocellus, and it includes the tribes Thorictini stat. nov. (that is downgraded from Thorictinae), Marioutini, and Dermestini. The endemic Australian genus Derbyana Lawrence and Ślipiński was recovered within Holarctic Dermestes Linnaeus. Attageninae is strongly supported and includes the monogeneric Adelaidiini and polygenic Attagenini. Former subgenera of Attagenus Latreille, i.e., Lanorus Mulsant and Rey (= Paranovelsis Casey syn. nov.), Telopes Redtenbacher and Aethriostoma Motschulsky, are elevated to generic level. The largest clade, Megatominae, is confirmed as monophyletic and is divided into three tribes: Anthrenini, Ctesiini, and Megatomini. Megatomini is divided into three subtribes: Megatomina, Orphinina subtribe nov. (type genus Orphinus Motschulsky), and Trogodermina. Within the economically important lineage Trogodermina, Trogoderma Latreille is delimited to contain only Holarctic species including the Khapra beetle T. granarium Everts, while a Southern Hemisphere clade is here recognized as Eurhopalus Solier in Gay, 1849 (= AnthrenocerusArrow, 1915; Myrmeanthrenus Armstrong, 1945; Neoanthrenus Armstrong, 1941; SodaliatomaHáva, 2013; Reesa Beal, 1967 syn. nov.). A revised classification of the extant genera of Dermestidae is also provided.

Validation of the names Cyanobacterium and Cyanobacterium stanieri, and proposal of Cyanobacteriota phyl. nov.

The decision by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) to place the rank of phylum under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), with phylum names ending in -ota based on the name of a type genus, enables the valid publication of the phylum name Cyanobacteriota with Cyanobacterium as the type genus. The names Cyanobacterium and its type species Cyanobacterium stanieri were effectively published in 1983 by Rippka and Cohen-Bazire, but the names were not validly published under the rules of the ICNP (then named the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria) or the rules of the ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, then named the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). We here propose the names Cyanobacterium gen. nov and Cyanobacterium stanieri sp. nov. for valid publication under the provisions of the ICN. Upon validation these names are also validly published under the ICNP according to General Consideration 5 and Rule 30. We also propose the phylum name Cyanobacteriota phyl. nov. under the rules of the ICNP.

The mitochondrial genomes of Crispatotrochus rubescens and Crispatotrochus rugosus (Hexacorallia; Scleractinia): new insights on the phylogeny of the family Caryophylliidae.

Caryophylliidae is one of the most diverse scleractinian families, however it was recovered as polyphyletic in multiple molecular studies. Recently, the mitochondrial gene order was proposed as a character for a taxonomic revision of the family. Here we describe the first mitogenome of the caryophylliid genus Crispatotrochus, whose phylogenetic position remains uncertain. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Crispatotrochus rubescens and Crispatotrochus rugosus were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The two mitogenomes are identical and circular, have a length of 16,536bp, a GC content of 35.9%, and contain 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 2 transfer RNAs. Both species have a transposition of a three gene block-cob, nad2, and nad6-similarly to a group of caryophylliid genera that were recovered as monophyletic, including the type genus(Caryophyllia) of the family. The phylogenetic analyses recovered Crispatotrochus within the clade that presents the gene rearrangement and specifically as sister taxa of the genus Caryophyllia, a result consistent with previous studies and the similar gross morphology of the two genera. We determined the mitochondrial genomes of the genus Crispatotrochus to investigate their relations within Scleractinia. Results from this study provide insights on the phylogenetic position of the genus and corroborate that the mitochondrial gene order could be used as taxonomic character for the family Caryophylliidae.

Case 3828 – The Family Name of the Pearl Oysters: Proposal to Remove the Homonymy of Margaritidae Blainville, 1824 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) with Margaritidae Thiele, 1924 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) by Emending the Latter to Margaritesidae

The purpose of this application, under Article 55.3.1 of the Code, is to remove the homonymy of Margaritidae Blainville, 1824 (type genus Margarita Leach, 1814) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) with Margaritidae Thiele, 1924 (type genus Margarites Gray, 1847) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) by emending the latter to Margaritesidae. These two homonymous family-group names are based on similar but not identical type-genus names and both are in current use.

Molecular phylogeny of the tropical wandering spiders (Araneae, Ctenidae) and the evolution of eye conformation in the RTA clade.

Tropical wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a diverse group of cursorial predators with its greatest species richness in the tropics. Traditionally, Ctenidae are diagnosed based on the presence of eight eyes arranged in three rows (a 2-4-2 pattern). We present a molecular phylogeny of Ctenidae, including for the first time representatives of all of its subfamilies. The molecular phylogeny was inferred using five nuclear (histone H3, 28S, 18S, Actin and ITS-2) and four mitochondrial (NADH, COI, 12S and 16S) markers. The final matrix includes 259 terminals, 103 of which belong to Ctenidae and represent 28 of the current 49 described genera. We estimated divergence times by including fossils as calibration points and biogeographic events, and used the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained to reconstruct the evolution of the eye conformation in the retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) clade. Ctenidae and its main lineages originated during the Paleocene-Eocene and have diversified in the tropics since then. However, in some analyses Ctenidae was recovered as polyphyletic as the genus Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 was placed as sister to Oxyopidae. Except for Acantheinae, in which the type genus Acantheis Thorell, 1891 is placed inside Cteninae, the four recognized subfamilies of Ctenidae are monophyletic in most analyses. The ancestral reconstruction of the ocular conformation in the retrolateral tibial apophysis clade suggests that the ocular pattern of Ctenidae has evolved convergently seven times and that it has originated from ocular conformations of two rows of four eyes (4-4) and the ocular pattern of lycosids (4-2-2). We also synonymize the monotypic genus Parabatinga Polotov & Brescovit, 2009 with Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929. We discuss some of the putative morphological synapomorphies of the main ctenid lineages within the phylogenetic framework offered by the molecular phylogenetic results of the study.

P324 Phylogenetic and ecological overview of Onygenales

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMObjectivesTo evaluate the general taxonomy and phylogeny of the order Onygenales using ecological, morphological, and molecular data, stimulate awareness of correct identification of neglected groups in the order, and contribute to the stabilization of the nomenclature.MethodsIn total 97 genera, 385 species, and 553 strains were analyzed in this study. The ITS, LSU, TUB, TEF3, and RP60S gene regions were amplified and sequenced. Sequences for the RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1 regions were retrieved from the NCBI nucleotide database. Whole genome data for 53 strains were also included in phylogenetic tree analyses. Ecology and ascomata morphology for the type species were retrieved from the literature. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood methods implemented in IQ-TREE software and MRBAYES v3.2.7 on the CIPRES portal. Additionally, relative divergence time within Onygenales was estimated based on the RelTime method implemented in MEGA 7.ResultsA total of 1667 sequences for LSU (n = 421), ITS (n = 519), TUB (n = 189), RP60S (n = 123), TEF1 (n = 119), TEF3 (n = 144), RPB1 (n = 71), and RPB2 (n = 97) were examined. The results of the combined data analysis yielded 14 clades with ≥90% support for Bayesian probability and ≥80% support for maximum likelihood analyses. Families, based on their type genera and type species, were resolved as Ajellomycetaceae, Arthrodermataceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae, and Spiromastigoidaceae (Fig. 1). Two families were newly introduced as Malbrancheaceae and Neogymnomycetaceae. The family Nannizziopsidaceae clustered amidst members of Onygenaceae. The ecological preferences were classified as soil/oligotrophic, soil/keratinophilic, dung/agricultural, skin/nail, hair/feather, insect/pollen, osmotic habitats, systemic, plant, and other/unknown (Fig. 2). Almost all families in the order have members that can be found on skin and nails, which can cause asymptomatic or symptomatic infections, or members that are able to grow at 37°C and cause systemic infections. Four main types of ascomata morphology were noted: cleistothecium, gymnothecium, spore cyst, and naked fruitbody. The results of RelTime analysis showed that the diversification of species in Onygenales occurred at 103 Mya. The earliest species of the order were found in Gymnoascaceae, while the most recent species were found close to Arthrodermataceae.ConclusionDetermination of the borderlines in the order can be difficult because of the effects of chosen methods, number of samples, number of genes, and also the choice of outgroups. Taxon sampling and inclusion of both type species and related genera in analyses are particularly essential to minimize changes and stabilize nomenclature for longer periods. Providing molecular data for the isolates and making them publicly available is also important to prevent taxonomic disagreements. Significant ecological traits that determine evolution in Onygenales are osmophily, thermophily, cellulolysis, eutrophism, oligotrophism, keratinolysis, and thermal dimorphism. Morphological and physiological characteristics may be informative for habitat choice and evolutionary processes. Cellulolytic and osmophilic abilities might be ancestral characteristics in Onygenales. Even though most of the species are found in soil and are non-pathogenic, environmental and host alterations can lead to the emergence of new fungal pathogens among soil fungi. Therefore, Onygenales continues to deserve close attention.

<i>Corrigendum to</i>: Three new tribes in Myrtaceae and reassessment of Kanieae

The current tribal classification of Myrtaceae was based on analysis of the plastid <i>mat</i>K coding region within the <i>trn</i>K intron. The phylogenetic position of the genera <i>Cloezia</i> and <i>Xanthomyrtus</i> was poorly supported, and the original sequence for <i>Kania</i>, the type genus of the tribe Kanieae, was rather poor. To clarify relationships, we sequenced plastid <i>psb</i>A–<i>trn</i>H and an extended portion of the <i>trn</i>K intron, including the spacer regions flanking <i>mat</i>K, and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS regions for representative species across the tribes, including denser sampling of the three genera of interest. Analyses of these extended datasets show a strong relationship between <i>Kania</i> and the tribe Metrosidereae but not with other genera presently assigned to the Kanieae. The relationship between <i>Kania</i> and the tribe Metrosidereae is strongly correlated with morphological features recently documented in <i>Metrosideros</i> fossils. Consequently, a new tribe, Tristaniopsideae PeterG.Wilson, is described to accommodate most genera presently assigned to Kanieae. Furthermore, the morphological divergence and genetic distance shown by <i>Cloezia</i> and <i>Xanthomyrtus</i> are here considered as justifying their recognition as the tribes Cloezieae Peter G.Wilson and Xanthomyrteae Peter G.Wilson. Recognition of these tribes brings to four the number of tribes absent from present-day mainland Australia. Prior to this study, Metrosidereae was the only tribe in subfamily Myrtoideae that was absent from mainland Australia.

Canadaphis mordvilkoi, Kononova 1976 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Canadaphididae)redescription and neotype designation.

Here we present a redescription of an aphis species Canadaphis mordvilkoi Kononova, 1976 based on a recently found specimen originating from the same locality as holotype (Yantardakh (Kheta Formation), Taimyr Peninsula, Russia). The new specimen is far better preserved and many characters invisible and not mentioned in original description are available for our analysis. As a result, we were capable to indicate affinities with other species belonging to the Canadaphididae family. As the holotype is destroyed we decided to designate this specimen as a neotype. We also provide the photos of the type genus of this family for the first time.

Parvicella tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov. (Parvicellaceae fam. nov., Flavobacteriales), first cultured representative of the marine clade UBA10066, and Lysobacter luteus sp. nov., from activated sludge of a seawater-processing wastewater treatment plant.

Two strains isolated from a sample of activated sludge that was obtained from a seawater-based wastewater treatment plant on the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain have been characterized to achieve their taxonomic classification, since preliminary data suggested they could represent novel taxa. Given the uniqueness of this habitat, as this sort of plants are rare in the world and this one used seawater to process an influent containing intermediate products from amoxicillin synthesis, we also explored their ecology and the annotations of their genomic sequences. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that one of them, which was orange-pigmented, was distantly related to Vicingus serpentipes (family Vicingaceae) and to other representatives of neighbouring families in the order Flavobacteriales (class Flavobacteriia) by 88-89 % similarities; while the other strain, which was yellow-pigmented, was a putative new species of Lysobacter (family Xanthomonadaceae, order Xanthomonadales, class Gammaproteobacteria) with Lysobacter arseniciresistens as closest relative (97.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity to its type strain). Following a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including a genome-based phylogenetic analysis and a thorough phenotypic characterization, we propose the following novel taxa: Parvicella tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov. (whose type strain is AS29M-1T=CECT 30217T=LMG 32344T), Parvicellaceae fam. nov. (whose type genus is Parvicella), and Lysobacter luteus sp. nov. (whose type strain is AS29MT=CECT 30171T=LMG 32343T).

Filling a gap in the taxonomy of phyllachoroid fungi: Proposition of Neopolystigma, gen. nov., and the new family Neopolystigmataceae

ABSTRACT A Polystigma-like found on an herbaceous to shrubby species of Fabaceae (Andira humilis) in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically close to Polystigma pusillum, a leaf parasite on Andira inermis collected in Central America and Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses using a combination of the rDNA 28S, 18S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions placed both fungi in the Phyllachorales, and not in Polystigamataceae/Xylariales, where Polystigma species belong, and characteristically found on members of the Rosaceae, causing red leaf blotch containing bright-colored fungal stromata spread on the lesions. This disease prevails in orchards in the Northern Hemisphere, infecting Amygdalus, Cerasus, Padus, and Prunus species, but never in the Tropics. Polystigma species infecting other botanical families have been reallocated in different families, orders, and even classes in Ascomycota. In our phylogenetic analyses, the two species on Andira were allocated in Phyllachorales but separated in a well-supported cluster from Phyllachoraceae and Phaeochoraceae. In relation to Telimenaceae, the statistical support is not strong; however, considering that its type genus, Telimena, was never sequenced, we choose to accept Neopolystigma (type N. saraivae) as the type genus of a new family, Neopolystigmataceae. The sister species of N. saraivae, Polystigma pusillum found on A. inermis, was recombined into N. pusillum.