Tympanic Temperature Research Articles

Evaluation of the Effect of Surgical Drapes on Intraoperative Hypothermia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Many patients experience unintended hypothermia in intraoperative processes. This randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the impact of surgical drapes on hypothermia during the intraoperative period. A randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2019 to November 2020 in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation/Operating Rooms at an education and research hospital. Out of 205 patients assessed for eligibility, 74 underwent elective abdominal surgery and were randomized into two groups: nonwoven surgical drapes and woven surgical drapes. The study had two stages: preoperative and intraoperative. Preoperative data were collected using information and evaluation forms, while intraoperative assessment involved forms for wetness and weight. Tympanic and esophageal temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes, and surgical drapes were weighed with a precision scale before and after surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of body mass index, irrigation amount, surgery duration, gender, and preoperative shivering (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in preoperative body temperature (36°C), type of surgery, and intraoperative hypothermia (p < 0.05). Both types of surgical drapes were wet, but this difference was not statistically significant between the nonwoven group (mean ± SD [1368 ± 607]) and the woven group (mean ± SD [1335 ± 636], p = 0.824). This study demonstrated that neither woven nor nonwoven surgical drapes, nor the wetness of the surgical drapes, had a significant effect on intraoperative hypothermia. However, there is a need for randomized controlled trials involving uniform types of surgery related to the topic.

Effectiveness of heat stress interventions among outdoor workers: a protocol paper.

Heavy work in scorching temperatures can cause dehydration and heat stress, which can lead to a number of heat-related diseases. Heavy work in intense heat without rest or hydration is the main cause. The "Water, Rest, Shade" (WRS) intervention program for outdoor workers in hot weather reduces heat stress. This study follows a quasi-experimental design involving 250 outdoor workers from both agriculture and brick kilns. To assess the environmental heat exposure levels, Quest Temp 3 M WBGT Monitor will be used. Tympanic temperature, Heart rate (HR), Sweat rate (SwR), and Urine specific gravity (USG) to assess the physiological responses to heat exposure using standard protocols. Blood samples will be collected to measure serum creatinine and calculate Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine samples to measure pH, leucocytes, proteinuria, and hematuria. Then administer a validated and modified HOTHAPS questionnaire to capture the perception data. After the baseline assessments, Categorize the workers into two groups based on the selection criteria and the participants' willingness. Then provide a week-long WRS intervention to the intervention group (IG). The non-intervention group will collect the same data without any intervention to assess the efficacy of the intervention by comparing both groups and measuring outcome indicators. The study will generate much-needed information to raise awareness of the importance of heat stress prevention for outdoor workers. This study will demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, provide much-needed strategies for reducing heat stress, assess both health impacts and implementation quality, and design comprehensive workplace and labor laws aim to minimise risks to millions of unorganised outdoor workers health.

Integrating observational and modelled data to advance the understanding of heat stress effects on pregnant subsistence farmers in the gambia

Studies on the effect of heat stress on pregnant women are scarce, particularly in highly vulnerable populations. To support the risk assessment of pregnant subsistence farmers in the West Kiang district, The Gambia we conducted a study on the pathophysiological effects of extreme heat stress and assessed the applicability of heat stress indices. From ERA5 climate reanalysis we added location-specific modelled solar radiation to datasets of a previous observational cohort study involving on-site measurements of 92 women working in the heat. Associations between physiological and environmental variables were assessed through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, mixed effect linear models with random intercepts per participant and confirmatory composite analysis. We found Pearson correlations between r-values of 0 and 0.54, as well as independent effects of environmental variables on skin- and tympanic temperature, but not on heart rate, within a confidence interval of 98%. Pregnant women experienced stronger pathophysiological effects from heat stress in their third rather than in their second trimester. Environmental heat stress significantly altered maternal heat strain, particularly under humid conditions above a 50% relative humidity threshold, demonstrating interactive effects. Based on our results, we recommend including heat stress indices (e.g. UTCI or WBGT) in local heat-health warning systems.

No Effect of Intermittent Palm or Sole Cooling on Acute Training Volume during Resistance Exercise in Physically Active Adults: A Summary of Protocols.

Intermittent palm (PC) and sole cooling (SC) are proposed ergogenic methods for enhancing exercise performance during high-intensity and fatiguing conditions. However, findings in the literature regarding its positive effect remain inconclusive. This study aimed at investigating the effects of intermittent PC and SC compared to no cooling (NC) on acute training volume during resistance exercise, particularly focusing on the total number of repetitions (TR) performed. Three separate randomized crossover protocols, incorporating commonly practiced resistance exercises (Protocol 1: pullups; Protocol 2: pushups; Protocol 3: leg extensions), were conducted, enrolling healthy, physically active adults (overall sample: n = 41 (12 female), age: 23.9 ± 4.0 years (mean ± SD), height: 174.4 ± 9.5 cm, body mass: 69.3 ± 12.4 kg). During Protocol 3, tympanic temperature (TT), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and electromyography (EMG) of quadriceps muscles were additionally assessed for SC. PC resulted in less TR compared to NC in Protocol 1 (p < 0.001). Protocol 2 and 3 did not reveal significant ergogenic benefits of PC or SC compared to NC (p > 0.05). Furthermore, SC had no effect on TT, RPE, or EMG amplitudes (all p > 0.05). The inconsistent findings suggest that intermittent PC and SC might have limited effectiveness in enhancing training volume during resistance exercise in physically active adults. Future research should examine various resistance training protocols under controlled conditions, and incorporate comprehensive physiological measurements to elucidate the potential benefits and mechanisms of intermittent cooling in resistance exercise contexts.

Feet-heating and Calf-heating have Opposing Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Heart Rate Variability: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial.

Heat exposure's effect on glucose tolerance depending on the amount of body exposure, likely relating to autonomic nervous system balance. We assessed how partial-body heat exposure at two different levels of the lower extremities would affect glucose tolerance and autonomic nervous system balance measured via heart rate variability. We hypothesized feet-heating would improve glucose tolerance without affecting heart rate variability while calf-heating would worsen glucose tolerance and decrease heart rate variability compared to a thermoneutral control condition. In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, healthy participants' (N=31, 23(3)years, 45% male) glucose tolerance was measured in A)thermoneutral; B)feet-heating; and C)calf-heating conditions. Every 30 minutes for 2 hours, blood glucose, heart rate, heart rate variability, tympanic temperature, thermal comfort scores, and blood pressure were measured. There were significant interactions between condition and time for blood glucose (F(4.6,72.6)=2.6,p=.036), heart rate (F(3.4,54.5)=3.5,p=.017), heart rate variability (F(4.3,63.2)=7.5,p<.0001), tympanic temperature (F(8,268)=2.4,p=.014), and thermal comfort scores (F(8,248)=22.1,p<.0001). Calf-heating increased 90-minute glucose (+12(95%CI: 3 to 21)mg/dL,p=.013) and decreased heart rate variability throughout (mean decrease: 13-22%,p<.007), while feet-heating lowered 90-minute glucose (-7(95%CI:-16 to +1)mg/dL,p=.090) without affecting heart rate variability (p=.14-.99). Blood pressure and body temperature were similar between conditions, but heart rate and thermal comfort scores increased with heating. Calf-heating worsens, while feet-heating may improve, glucose tolerance. Changes in heart rate variability coincide with changes in glucose tolerance despite unchanged body temperature. Whether heart rate variability can be used to monitor autonomic nervous system balance during heating to the effect on acute glycemic indices should be further explored.

The effects of facial cooling on physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated Épée fencing competition: a pilot study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of facial cooling on physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated fencing competition. Using a randomized, crossover design, six competitive male fencers completed two trials of seven simulated fencing matches. Each match consisted of 22×10 s bouts of high-intensity fencing movements. Static rest (12 s) separated each bout, with 60-second rest after bouts seven and 14, during which, in the experimental condition, participants were sprayed with a facial water mist and fanned. Relative to control, facial cooling reduced tympanic temperature (mean difference [MD]: 0.2±0.03 °C; 95% likely range [CL<inf>95</inf>]: 0.13-0.3 °C), heart rate (MD: 12±3 b·min-1; CL<inf>95</inf>: 5-20 b·min-1), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for the dominant arm (MD: 2±0; CL<inf>95</inf>: 1-3), legs (MD: 2±0; CL<inf>95</inf>: 1-3), and total exertion (MD: 2±0; CL<inf>95</inf>: 1-3). Moreover, the benefits of facial cooling on RPE of the dominant arm and legs were magnified as the competition progressed. Facial cooling also improved ratings of perceived thermal comfort and perceived thermal strain. While the performance benefits of the intervention require exploration, facial misting positively affects both physiological and perceptual responses during fencing.

Ultrafast Cooling With Total Liquid Ventilation Mitigates Early Inflammatory Response and Offers Neuroprotection in aPorcine Model of Cardiac Arrest.

Brain injury is one of the most serious complications after cardiac arrest (CA). To prevent this phenomenon, rapid cooling with total liquid ventilation (TLV) has been proposed in small animal models of CA (rabbits and piglets). Here, we aimed to determine whether hypothermic TLV can also offer neuroprotection and mitigate cerebral inflammatory response in large animals. Anesthetized pigs were subjected to 14 minutes of ventricular fibrillation followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation, animals were randomly subjected to normothermia (control group, n=8) or ultrafast cooling with TLV (TLV group, n=8). In the latter group, TLV was initiated within a window of 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation and allowed to reduce tympanic, esophageal, and bladder temperature to the 32 to 34 °C range within 30 minutes. After 45 minutes of TLV, gas ventilation was resumed, and hypothermia was maintained externally until 3 hours after CA, before rewarming using heat pads (0.5 °C-1 °C/h). After an additional period of progressive rewarming for 3 hours, animals were euthanized for brain withdrawal and histological analysis. At the end of the follow-up (ie, 6 hours after CA), histology showed reduced brain injury as witnessed by the reduced number of Fluroro-Jade C-positive cerebral degenerating neurons in TLV versus control. IL (interleukin)-1ra and IL-8 levels were also significantly reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid in TLV versus control along with cerebral infiltration by CD3+ cells. Conversely, circulating levels of cytokines were not different among groups, suggesting a discrepancy between local and systemic inflammatory levels. Ultrafast cooling with TLV mitigates neuroinflammation and attenuates acute brain lesions in the early phase following resuscitation in large animals subjected to CA.

At What Point in the Menstrual Cycle Are the Pelvic Floor Muscles at Their Weakest?

Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength is a critical factor for optimal pelvic floor function. Fluctuations in strength values based on different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) could signify a need for a paradigm shift in evaluating, approaching, and planning training. This research aims to examine and contrast the pelvic floor muscle strength during different phases of the menstrual cycle. A prospective observational study employing digital assessment with the modified Oxford scale and vaginal dynamometry measurements was performed, in order to assess the baseline strength and the contraction strength of the PFMs in eumenorrheic females at three different phases of the MC: the early follicular phase (EFP), the late follicular phase (LFP), and the mid-luteal phase (MLP). During two complete cycles, tympanic temperature and body weight were measured and the urinary luteinizing hormone concentration was tested to determine the time of ovulation. In total, 216 dynamometric measurements of PFM strength were obtained from eighteen nulliparous women (25.72 ± 5.03 years). There were no differences between the baseline strength (p = 0.886) and the contraction strength (p = 0.756) with the dynamometric speculum. In the post hoc analysis, the baseline strength, contraction strength, and strength showed no significant differences between MC phases. As no differences in PFM strength in women were found, the PFMs do not seem to be weaker at any time during the menstrual cycle. It appears that the assessment, establishment, and monitoring of a PFM training program could be initiated at any point in the cycle.

Infrared thermography technique for detecting estrus in Surti does

The present study evaluated the potential of the infrared thermography technique for estrus detection in Surti does. Based on the presence of estrus-specific behaviour, physiological signs as well as higher LH, FSH, estrogen and lower progesterone hormone concentration, 24 Surti does were divided into two groups, viz. estrus and non- estrus does. Recording of surface temperatures, rectal and tympanic temperatures was done using an Infrared thermal camera (FLIR T420), digital thermometer and infrared non-contact tympanic thermometer, respectively. It was concluded that temperatures of the vulva, rectal surface, rectal and tympanic temperatures are significantly higher in estrus does. Further, a strong, significant positive correlation was observed between vulvar and pudendal, rectal surface temperatures, rectal temperature as well as tympanic temperature. Thus, it may be concluded that the infrared thermography technique holds the potential for detecting estrus in Surti does.

Effects of temperature on transient neurologic dysfunction after total arch replacement.

The relationship between cooling status during aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest and postoperative neurologic dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of cooling status on transient neurologic dysfunction after total arch replacement. We studied patients who underwent elective total arch replacement with hypothermic circulatory arrest and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion from December 2011 to January 2021. Changes in tympanic temperature trends recorded during surgery were plotted. Several parameters, including the nadir temperature, cooling speed, and degree of cooling (cooling area, or the area under the curve of inverted temperature trends from cooling to rewarming as calculated by the integral method), were analyzed. The relationships between these variables and transient neurologic dysfunction were evaluated. Transient neurologic dysfunction was observed in 33 (14.5%) of the 228 included patients. In the transient neurologic dysfunction group, the cooling area was larger (2417.3 vs. 1920.8°Cmin; P < 0.001) and the cooling speed was higher (0.68 vs. 0.51°C/min; P < 0.001) than in the non-transient neurologic dysfunction group. A multivariate logistic model revealed that both the cooling area (odds ratio = 1.13 per 100°Cmin; P < 0.001) and cooling speed (odds ratio = 3.69 per °C/min; P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for transient neurologic dysfunction. Both the cooling area, which indicates the degree of cooling, and cooling speed had significant relationships with transient neurologic dysfunction after total arch replacement. Together, these findings indicate that overcooling and rapid cooling may contribute to brain injury.

95. Pre-weaning survival is related to the tympanic temperature of piglets of low and normal birthweights

95. Pre-weaning survival is related to the tympanic temperature of piglets of low and normal birthweights

Occupational heat exposure and its impact on kidney health among cashew workers.

Rising temperatures increase workers' risk of heat-related illnesses due to heat stress (HS). Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is rising in non-agricultural workers in hot climates. Dehydration, heat stress, and physical exertion can damage cashew workers' kidney health. In 2020-2021, 262 cashew workers in Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu were assessed for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), and job-specific American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists standard was used to evaluate workload. "High heat-exposed" meant heat stress exceeded the Threshold Limit Value for safe manual work (27.5°C for heavy and 28°C for moderate physical activity). Heat Strain Indicators (HSIs) such as Tympanic Temperature (Ttemp), Sweat Rate (SwR), Urine Specific Gravity (USG), and urine dipstick parameters were measured in all workers, however serum creatinine was measured only in 100 workers. Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR) was calculated using theCKD-EPIequation. A standardized questionnaire assessed heat-related health symptoms. Over 65% of workers experienced wet bulb globe temperature exposures exceeding the threshold limit value (Avg.- wet bulb globe temperature 30.4°C ± 1.8°C). Ninety-five percent of heat-exposed workers experienced at least one of the physiological heat strain indicators. The risk of urogenital symptoms was 7.7 times greater among high-heat-exposed workers (95% CI 3.4-17.1), which corroborates well with the measured post shift urine specific gravity (37%). Despite controlling for relevant confounders (age & gender), high-heat-exposed workers had 3.5-fold higher odds of eGFR < 90ml/min/1.73m2 compared to less-exposed workers (95% CI 1.1-10.6). Persistent heat stress promotes heat-related disorders in cashew workers and lowers eGFR. This needs further investigation to determine its longer term effects on kidney function. Workplace cooling solutions that reduce heat stress are critically needed to protect thekidneys and ensureoccupational health.

Comparison of continuous temperature measurement methods in the intensive care unit: standard bladder catheter measurements versus non-invasive transcutaneous sensors.

The purpose of this study was to compare a wearable system for body core temperature measurement versus bladder and tympanic thermometers in an intensive care setting. The question was, if continuous non-invasive sensors in the intensive care unit represent an alternative to current standard methods of invasive continuous bladder temperature measurement methods?Between May and September 2023, a comparative investigation involving 112 patients was conducted in a 20-bed surgical intensive care unit to assess various temperature probes, including those placed in the tympanic tube, bladder, and skin. To achieve this, a wireless non-invasive sensor system provided by greenTEG AG, Switzerland, was affixed to different body locations (clavicular and lateral chest) of each catheterized patient (equipped with a temperature probe) admitted to the intensive care unit. Furthermore, tympanic temperatures were recorded at specified intervals. The measurement duration ranged from a minimum of six hours to a maximum of six days, resulting in the analysis of a total of 355 simultaneous temperature measurements.In this study, a wearable temperature measurement system attached to two different body sites revealed a consistent negative bias compared to bladder temperature. In addition, the measurements were particularly influenced by body constitution. The tested system in all patients showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.45°C for the lateral chest and 0.50°C for the clavicular position. Tympanic measurements had a mean absolute error of 0.35°C. In patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 the MAE increased to 0.5°C for the lateral chest and 0.56°C for the clavicular position. In contrast, the tympanic measurement had a reduced MAE of 0.32°C, which is well below this threshold when compared to bladder measurements.In conclusion the investigated system did not meet the clinically relevant acceptance criteria and showed low precision in correctly identifying fever episodes compared to invasive temperature probes, however its main advantage lies in its continuity and non-invasiveness. This makes it a potential alternative to intermittent tympanic measurement devices. In this study we were able to show, that in at least one subset of patients, the non-invasive and continuous device demonstrated a precision comparable to tympanic measurements.The accuracy of all non-invasive methods was lower than in previous studies, suggesting that the use of bladder temperature as reference and user related variations may have introduced additional errors.

Impact of personal protective equipment on wearer's health indicators using multi-parameter physiological monitoring

Previous studies have primarily focused on thermal discomfort-related problems arising from wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in hot environments. However, PPE is also extensively utilized under comfortable thermal conditions, where health-related problems may become particularly important due to hypoxia and inhalation of self-emitted bio-effluents. To evaluate the impact of wearing PPE on the health outcomes of individuals under comfortable thermal conditions, ten physiological parameters were measured under three conditions (sitting without PPE, sitting with PPE, and walking with PPE). Under light intensity activity, wearing PPE significantly increased end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (17.9 ± 6.3 mm Hg vs 22.0 ± 5.7 mm Hg, P < 0.001) when compared to wearing no PPE, while negligible (although statistically significant) changes were observed for tympanic membrane temperature and blood oxygen saturation. It did not affect significantly respiratory frequency (RF), inspiratory carbon dioxide pressure (PICO2), heart rate (HR), pulse rate (PR), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), and potential of ST-segment (ST) in electrocardiogram. It suggests that short-term PPE use is safe under comfortable conditions. The physiological parameters of PPE wearers were more affected by the increase in activity intensity than the presence of PPE. Larger body mass index was associated with decreased RF and increased PICO2. Higher age was associated with increased HR and PR and decreased ST. Males had a lower SpO2 but a higher SBP. The data obtained improves our understanding of the health outcomes associated with wearing PPE and assists in improving PPE, thus contributing to better occupational health.

Different humidity environments do not affect the subsequent exercise ability of college football players after aerobic high-intensity interval training

Previous studies have explored the effect of differing heat and relative humidity (RH) environments on the performance of multiple anaerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Still, its impact on physiological responses and performance following aerobic HIIT has not been well studied. This study examined the effects of differing RH environments on physiological responses and performance in college football players following HIIT. Twelve college football completed HIIT under four different environmental conditions: (1) 25 °C/20% RH (Control group); (2) 35 °C/20% RH (H20 group); (3) 35 °C/40% RH (H40 group); (4) 35 °C/80% RH (H80 group). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate, tympanic temperature (TT), skin temperature (TS), thermal sensation (TS), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded continuously throughout the exercise. The heart rate variability (HRV): including root mean squared differences of the standard deviation (RMSSD)、standard deviation differences of the standard deviation (SDNN)、high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), squat jump height (SJH), cycling time to exhaustion (TTE), and sweat rate (SR) were monitored pre-exercise and post-exercise. The HR, MAP, lactate, TT, Ts, TS, and RPE in the 4 groups showed a trend of rapid increase, then decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in HR, MAP, TT, or RPE between the 4 groups at the same time point (p > 0.05), in addition to this, when compared to the C group, the lactate, Ts, TS in the other 3 groups significant differences were observed at the corresponding time points (p < 0.05). The RMSSD, SDNN, HF, and LF levels in the 4 groups before exercise were not significantly different. The RMSSD and HF in the H40 and H80 groups were significantly decreased and other HRV indicators showed no significant difference after exercise. In sports performance measurement, the SJH and TTE were significantly decreased, but there was no significant difference in the 4 groups. The SR was no significant difference in the 4 groups after exercise. In conclusion, heat and humidity environments elicited generally greater physiological effects compared with the normal environment but did not affect sports performance in college football players.

Comparison of Wireless Continuous Axillary and Core Temperature Measurement after Major Surgery.

Temperature is considered one of the primary vital signs for detection of complications such as infections. Continuous wireless real-time axillary temperature monitoring is technologically feasible at the general ward, but no clinical validation studies exist. This study compared axillary temperature with a urinary bladder thermometer in 40 major abdominal postoperative patients. The primary outcome was changes in axillary temperature registrations. Secondary outcomes were mean bias between the urinary bladder and the axillary temperatures. Intermittent frontal and tympanic temperature recordings were also collected. Forty patients were monitored for 50 min with an average core temperature of 36.8 °C. The mean bias was -1.0 °C (LoA -1.9 to -0) after 5 min, and -0.8 °C (LoA -1.6 to -0.1) after 10 min when comparing the axillary temperature with the urinary bladder temperature. After 20 min, the mean bias was -0.6 °C (LoA -1.3-0.1). During upper arm abduction, the axilla temperature was reduced to -1.6 °C (LoA -2.9 to -0.3) within 1 min. Temporal skin temperature measurement had a resulted in a mean bias of -0.1 °C (LOA -1.1 to -1.0) compared with central temperature. Compared with the mean tympanic temperature, it was -0.1 °C (LoA -0.9 to -1.0) lower than the urinay bladder temperature. Axillary temperature increased with time, reaching a mean bias of 1 °C between axillary and core temperature within 5 min. Opening the axillary resulted in rapidly lower temperature recordings. These findings may aid in use and designing corrections for continuous axillary temperature monitoring.

Efficacy of Intravenous Low-Dose Ketamine for Prevention of Post-Spinal Anesthesia Shivering in Cesarean Section: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Post-spinal anesthesia shivering in cesarean section is a common complication owing to sympatholysis, resulting in vasodilation and heat redistribution from the core to peripheral parts of the body. The physiological consequences of shivering include an increase in cardiac and systemic energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production. Ketamine, a N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been reported to have anti-shivering effects. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of prophylactic low-dose intravenous (IV) ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) in preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia as compared to placebo in elective cesarean sections. Methods: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 80 patients aged 18 to 40 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Groups K and group S received IV ketamine 0.25 mg/kg diluted to 5 ml in normal saline and 5 ml normal saline IV, respectively, 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia. The incidence and duration of shivering, tympanic membrane temperature, sedation score, hemodynamic parameters, and side effects were recorded. Results: The incidence of shivering in group K was 12.5% compared to 32.5% in group S (P = 0.030). The mean duration of shivering was only 0.75 ± 2.02 min in group K as compared to 2.38 ± 3.57 min in group S (P = 0.014). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were stable in group K without any significant sedative effect. Conclusion: The use of prophylactic low-dose ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) significantly reduces the incidence and duration of spinal anesthesia-induced shivering compared to placebo.

Hybrid operating rooms and the risk of postoperative hypothermia in pregnant women with placenta previa: A retrospective cohort study.

Births at advanced maternal ages (≥ 35 years) are increasing. This has been associated with a higher incidence of placenta previa, which increases bleeding risk. Hybrid operating rooms, designed to accommodate interventions and cesarean sections, are becoming more prominent because of their dual capabilities and benefits. However, they have been associated with increased postoperative hypothermia in pediatric settings; moreover, this has not been studied in pregnant women with placenta previa. This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia between May 2019 and 2023. The patients were categorized according to the operating room type. The primary outcome was to determine whether the hybrid operating room is a risk factor for immediate postoperative hypothermia, defined as a tympanic membrane temperature below 36.0°C. The secondary outcomes were the effects of immediate postoperative hypothermia on the durations of postanesthetic care unit and postoperative hospital stays and incidence of complications. Immediate postoperative hypothermia (tympanic membrane temperature < 36.0°C) was more prevalent in the hybrid than in the standard operating room group (20% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.033), with a relative risk of 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.24-6.64, p < 0.001). Patients undergoing surgery in the hybrid operating room who experienced immediate postoperative hypothermia stayed longer in the postanesthetic care unit (26 min vs. 40 min, p < 0.001) and in the hospital after surgery (4 days; range 3-5 vs. 4 days; range 4-11, p = 0.021). However, the complication rates of both groups were not significantly different (11.3% vs 7.3%, p = 0.743). Hybrid operating rooms may increase the risk of postoperative hypothermia. Postoperative hypothermia is associated with prolonged postanesthetic care unit and hospital stays. Preventing hypothermia in patients in hybrid operating rooms is of utmost importance.

An Analysis of the Physiological and Psychological Responses Elicited When Wearing an Aerogel Cold Protective Jacket in Airflow

This study evaluated the thermal physiological and psychological responses elicited when wearing cold protective jackets with aerogel fillings in two cold environments, one without air velocities and one with air velocities (2.3 m·s-1), at an air temperature of 10°C. The participants were five healthy young males. Measures were taken of physiological parameters, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), core temperature, oxygen uptake (Vo2), and microclimate (temperature and humidity). The psychological parameters evaluated were thermal and wetness sensation. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen intake between the conditions. At tympanic temperature, a significant difference was observed between the conditions during exercise (p &lt;.05); . A significant difference was observed in the microclimate temperature of the clothing according to the airflow, and temperature changes in the chest and back revealed different patterns. Significant differences were observed in thermal sensation (whole body (p &lt;.05), chest (p &lt;.05), back (p &lt;.01)) between airflow conditions. The results therefore indicate that cold protective jackets with an aerogel filling are suitable for people operating in low-temperature and airflow environments.

The fan cooling vest use reduces thermal and perceptual strain during outdoor exercise in the heat on a sunny summer day.

The fan cooling vest is coming into very common use by Japanese outdoor manual workers. We examined that to what extent using this vest reduces thermal strain and perception during outdoor exercise in the heat on a sunny summer day. Ten male baseball players in high school conducted two baseball training sessions for 2-h with (VEST) or without (CON) a commercially available fan cooling vest on a baseball uniform. These sessions commenced at 10 a.m. on separate days in early August. The fan airflow rate attached the vest was 62 L·s-1. Neither ambient temperature (Mean ± SD: VEST 31.9 ± 0.2°C; CON 31.8 ± 0.7°C), wet-bulb globe temperature (VEST 31.2 ± 0.4°C; CON 31.4 ± 0.5°C) nor solar radiation (VEST 1008 ± 136 W·m-2; CON 1042 ± 66 W·m-2) was different between trials. Mean skin temperature (VEST 34.5 ± 1.1°C; CON 35.1 ± 1.4°C), infrared tympanic temperature (VEST 38.9 ± 0.9°C; CON 39.2 ± 1.2°C), heart rate (VEST 127 ± 31 bpm; CON 139 ± 33 bpm), body heat storage (VEST 140 ± 34 W·m-2; CON 160 ± 22 W·m-2), thermal sensation (- 4-4: VEST 0 ± 2; CON 3 ± 1) and rating of perceived exertion (6-20: VEST 11 ± 2; CON 14 ± 2) were lower in VEST than CON (all P < 0.05). Total distance measured with a global positioning system (VEST 3704 ± 293 m; CON 3936 ± 501 m) and body fluid variables were not different between trials. This study indicates that the fan cooling vest use can reduce thermal strain and perception during outdoor exercise in the heat on a sunny summer day. Cooling with this vest would be effective to mitigate thermal risks and perceptual stress in athletes and sports participants under such settings.