Twofold Strategy Research Articles

Risk-Based Mitigation of Load Curtailment Cyber Attack Using Intelligent Agents in a Shipboard Power System

Modern shipboard power systems (SPSs) with advanced cyber infrastructure need urgent attention because they have higher risk of cyber attacks. In particular, false data injection (FDI) attacks can interfere with state estimation by tampering with measurement devices, or they may also directly target the central control system. This paper proposes a twofold strategy to mitigate the effects of such an unconventional FDI attack, using battery to actively reduce load curtailment. To detect signs of malicious data, a multiagent system (MAS) that checks commands from the central energy management system is employed. A novel bilevel optimization problem is formulated to model the interaction between the battery and the compromised SPS. A heuristic defense parameter is developed to improve the detection of corrupted commands. The merits of the proposed scheme are evaluated using a risk analysis model. The results of the case studies prove that a combination of autonomous battery with MAS-based heuristic method is effective in mitigating the effects of the cyber attack.

Himalayan arc and treeline: distribution, climate change responses and ecosystem properties

This study adopts a twofold strategy by reviewing literature from scattered Himalayan studies (145 sites) to use meta data (i) to synthesize the ecosystem properties of treeline ecotone, treeline response to climate change and influencing biotic factors, (ii) to analyze patterns of distribution of treeline species and their elevations, and (iii) to test relationship between treeline altitude and longitude and latitude across the 2500 km wide Himalayan Arc. Himalayan treeline is highly heterogeneous with regard to (i) species composition (58 species of 10 genera), and (ii) elevation (1700 m wide range in Treeline Elevation, TLE). Apart from temperature, variation in non-climatic factors, such as livestock grazing, and topography contribute considerably to the wide elevation range in TLE. Rhododendron, Juniperus, Abies, and Betula are common Himalayan treeline genera. Treeline elevation (3200–4900 m) and it increases (i) from NW to SE (18.4 m 1°−1 longitude), (ii) from periphery (from both north and south sides) to central part of the ranges, and (iii) from north to south aspect. A shift in dominance from deciduous Betula utilis (birch) to evergreen rhododendrons is discernible from the NW to SE. Treelines in the Himalayas differ between south and north aspects in species, elevation and anthropogenic activities, such as pastoralism. Response of treeline species to climate change could vary considerably, depending upon whether warmer temperatures of pre-monsoon months are accompanied by increased precipitation of the intensify droughts. Biomass accumulation rate declines rapidly towards treelines, and its role in treeline formation needs detailed investigations. An ecosystem approach is required to improve our understanding and management of Himalayan treeline areas.

Reshaping Hinduism for gharvāpasī of Indian Christians: A Case from the Nineteenth Century Collected Works of Pundit Lekhramjī

I have previously focused on Pundit Lekhramjī’s purpose in many of his writings contained in kulliyāt. I have argued against his characterization as a ‘malicious Arya’ responsible for communalism in the 19th century Punjab and have demonstrated that Lekhramjī’s intent behind much of his writings was to persuade Indian Christians (and Muslims) to consider gharvāpasī (homecoming). I am building on this paper and here the aim is to look for more evidence for addressing the question: how did Lekhramjī seek to persuade Indian Christians to reconvert? Based on evidence from a number of primary sources, I highlight his two-fold strategy towards this end: i. A critique of Christian missionaries/Christianity (here I present new evidence particularly focussing on his notion of Jesus Christ) and importantly also the ii. Reformation of Hinduism for those reconsidering home-coming. What this meant was that there was a home to return to sans the socio-religious inequalities which may have triggered their departure in the first place.

Constitutional Principle, the Rule of Law and Political Reality: The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018

AbstractThe European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 is the cornerstone of UK legislation designed to accomplish the legal dimension of Brexit. It brings the entire acquis of EU law into UK law in order to avoid regulatory black holes that would otherwise occur. The Act embodies a twofold legislative strategy: EU law brought into UK law thereby is to be made fit for purpose by exit day, with necessary changes being made by statutory instrument; Parliament can then decide at greater leisure thereafter whether it wishes to retain, amend or repeal this legislation. The burden placed on Parliament is unprecedented, all the more so given the exigencies of time in which the changes are to be made. This article explicates the principal provisions of the 2018 Act, and the concerns as to constitutional principle and the rule of law raised by the legislation. The tensions in the drafting process are made apparent, and uncertainties in the resulting text are revealed.

Bringing Research Data Management to Academic Libraries

Modern research institutions are faced with rapidly increasing challenges imposed by data-driven science and have to deal with new demands from funding agencies and publishers regarding open access to research data as well as from the Code of Conduct for Research Integrity on reproducibility of results. In reply to these requirements, the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) has adapted a two-fold strategy of bringing together decision-makers, relevant support units in the administration and researchers from all departments for the task of designing policies and services in alignment with common traditions in the different fields of research. This mixed “bottom-up” / “top-down” approach ensures that best practices for research data management can be implemented in the daily routines of employees in a practical and supportive way while ensuring that the researchers can live up to all relevant administrative, legal and ethical standards. 
 In this presentation, we will show how DTU Library has taken over a central position in this process by investigating the needs and demands from researchers in the different fields, drafting procedures and guidelines for research data management and establishing support functions and training for all aspects of the data life cycle. Within this new and complex area, the creation of new positions for research data management at the library in addition to an optimal utilization of existing resources and knowledge has been crucial for building up the necessary expertise and thus for the success of the strategy. 
 AuthorsFalco Jonas Hüser, PhDProject Officer – Research Data Managementemail: falh@dtu.dkORCiD 0000-0001-9645-6691Paula Maria Martinez Lavanchy, PhDProject Officer – Research Data Managementemail: paml@dtu.dkORCiD 0000-0003-1448-0917

Embracing the Diversity of Halogen Bonding Motifs in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery-Construction of a Diversity-Optimized Halogen-Enriched Fragment Library.

Halogen bonds have recently gained attention in life sciences and drug discovery. However, it can be difficult to harness their full potential, when newly introducing them into an established hit or lead structure by molecular design. A possible solution to overcome this problem is the use of halogen-enriched fragment libraries (HEFLibs), which consist of chemical probes that provide the opportunity to identify halogen bonds as one of the main features of the binding mode. Initially, we have suggested the HEFLibs concept when constructing a focused library for finding p53 mutant stabilizers. Herein, we broaden and extent this concept aiming for a general HEFLib comprising a huge diversity of binding motifs and, thus, increasing the applicability to various targets. Using the construction principle of feature trees, we represent each halogenated fragment by treating all simple to complex substituents as modifiers of the central (hetero)arylhalide. This approach allows us to focus on the proximal binding interface around the halogen bond and, thus, its integration into a network of interactions based on the fragment's binding motif. As a first illustrative example, we generated a library of 198 fragments that unifies a two-fold strategy: Besides achieving a diversity-optimized basis of the library, we have extended this “core” by structurally similar “satellite compounds” that exhibit quite different halogen bonding interfaces. Tuning effects, i.e., increasing the magnitude of the σ-hole, can have an essential influence on the strength of the halogen bond. We were able to implement this key feature into the diversity selection, based on the rapid and efficient prediction of the highest positive electrostatic potential on the electron isodensity surface, representing the σ-hole, by VmaxPred.

Business Model Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Origins and Trends

The business model (BM) concept has become a major area of interest in Management literature, leading to the publication of a host of literature reviews and essays aimed at synthesizing and interpreting the development of BM research. Yet these general analyses have largely neglected the specificities of the two main disciplines in which the BM concept is anchored: Strategic Management and Innovation & Entrepreneurship. Accordingly, this article seeks to explore the intellectual roots and current trends of these disciplines to refine our understanding of the development of the BM literature. We draw on a mixed bibliometric analysis based on two samples of, respectively, 208 and 345 articles published in Strategic Management and Innovation & Entrepreneurship. This analysis enables us to compare the theoretical pillars (co-citation analysis) and research fronts (bibliographic coupling analysis) of BM research in these two foundational disciplines. Our results suggest a certain homogeneity within both the theoretical pillars of the disciplines and the incremental diversification of their research fronts. In light of these findings, we consider the future of the BM literature and accordingly propose a twofold developmental strategy for it.

Перевод социолектных текстов

A moment's reflection suffices to convince one that no language is homogeneous, being represented by a set of language variants or language existential forms, reflecting the hetero­geneous character of the national culture. Notwithstanding variable nature of language, lin­guistic theorizing has been mostly based on standardized languages forms, rather than on natu­ral speech dialects. The present research addresses the fundamental issue of variability within a language and aims at studying the specific fragment of the Russian language of the XXth centu­ry — Soviet camp sociolect within the frameworks of contrastive sociolectology. Sociolect nature of the source text is viewed as one of the factors increasing the degree of text untranslatability. The author dwells on the nature of adaptation interventions, which a trans­lator needs to perform to render the specificity of the Soviet camp social dialect in English. The analysis of the ways in which translators processed the source texts under consideration reveals the twofold strategy aimed at maintaining a proper balance between replicating the sociolect text specificity and making the translation readable to the target recipients. Combin­ing explanatory translation, loose translation, occasional equivalents with loan translation translators achieve clarity of the translation, preserving at the same time apparent non-nativeness of the target text, which helps to avoid leveling the sociolect nature of the source texts.

A passiva possessiva em português: uma abordagem lexicalista com uma implementação computacional

A passiva possessiva constitui um dos fenômenos gramaticais mais discutidos das línguas do leste asiático. Em português, embora comum, foi discutida, segundo parece, unicamente por Lunguinho (2011; 2013; 2016), numa abordagem transformacional, utilizando exemplos construídos. No presente artigo, contrapomo-nos a essa abordagem tanto no plano teórico quanto no metodológico. Por um lado, propomos uma análise puramente lexicalista no quadro dos modelos não transformacionais LFG e LDG. Por outro, recorremos a evidências extraídas de textos autênticos. Essa dupla estratégia permite explicar dados que não se encaixam na proposta de Lunguinho. Argumentamos que as propriedades distintivas dessa passiva resultam de uma regra lexical que estende a estrutura argumental de ter pela incorporação de uma variável de predicado à sua forma semântica. Essa variável é vinculada a um argumento predicativo, tornando ter um verbo de controle do objeto do tipo equi.

Surface Design of Nanocrystals for High-Performance Multifunctional Sensors in Wearable and Attachable Electronics

Multifunctional temperature–strain sensors that can simultaneously detect temperature and strain are fabricated through all-solution processes using colloidal Ag nanocrystals (NCs). Material and architecture design are introduced to efficiently distinguish signals, allowing accurate measurement from one sensor device. For material design, a ligand-exchange and reduction process is developed to increase the sensitivity. As a result, higher temperature coefficients of resistance, lower resistivity, and lower gauge factor values are observed. Furthermore, a partial oxidation process is used to widen the sensing range above 673 K, which overcomes the most challenging issue of nanomaterial-based sensors. For architecture design, three-dimensional mirror-stacked layer structures are fabricated at the top and bottom layers of the neutral mechanical plane for effective strain decoupling. Our twofold strategy provides a low-cost, simple, single-material-based method to achieve highly metallic thin films constructe...

Populismo y sentido contemporáneo de lo político

Resumen:Nadie duda que los actuales fenómenos populistas han generado esperanza en unos y preocupación en otros. Incluso entre quienes genera esperanza parece necesario tomarse en serio la preocupación ajena. En este punto, el populismo actual supone negar un estado de cosas que parecía inconmovible. De ahí que valga la pena hacer un esfuerzo por comprenderlo. En este sentido, el propósito de este trabajo es doble. En primer lugar, vamos a afrontar el problema de la conceptualización del populismo. Para eso se sigue un doble acceso. Por un lado, se pretende mostrar la heterogeneidad de los populismos mediante una aproximación, a través de los estudios más canónicos, a sus principales manifestaciones históricas. Por otro lado, dicha heterogeneidad se manifiesta también en los intentos de caracterizarlo. A este respecto, la literatura académica es tan abundante y los rasgos que se le han dado son tan numerosos, que nos centraremos en algunos elementos fundamentales. En concreto, la cuestión de sus causas, su condición de fenómeno reactivo (o anti), la figura central del líder carismático populista y la comprensión del pueblo que subyace. Con esta doble vía de acceso al problema se pretende mostrar que el debate ha llegado a un callejón sin salida y se propone una manera operativa de evitarlo. Las dificultades de su conceptualización dan la medida del segundo propósito de estas líneas. Y es que como parece inasible, se hace más perentorio comprender bien cómo el populismo presente desafía las democracias liberales contemporáneas. Este reto ha sido analizado de nuevo de manera abundante. Tras mostrar algunos ejemplos de los distintos niveles de análisis posibles, se presenta uno propio que intenta llegar al fondo de la cuestión: el populismo es ante todo un síntoma de las dificultades de nuestra comprensión de lo político, de esa que forma parte de nuestro imaginario y que hunde sus raíces en el pensamiento moderno. Summary:1. The concept of populism. 1.1 An historical approach. 1.2. Some attempts of characterization. 1.3. The remains of the concept of populism. 2. Populism, democracy and liberalism. 2.1. Status quaestionis. 2.2. Populism and modern meaning of Politics. 3. Conclusion. Abstract:Nobody doubts that present populism has spurred sentiments of hope and concern. Even among those who react hopefully, it seems necessary to take others´ concern seriously. In effect, present populism shakes a state of affairs that once seemed unmodifiable. It is therefore worth trying to understand it.In this context, this work aims at a double purpose. In the first place, we will afford the problem of conceptualizing populism, through a two-fold strategy. On the one hand, we will approach the main historical instantiations of populism, in view of displaying its heterogeneous nature. On the other hand, this heterogeneity reveals itself in a variety of intents of conceptualization, which explains the convenience of focusing our own conceptualization on only some of its main features: its causes, its reactive nature, the charismatic leader, and the people underlying it. This two-fold strategy will allow us to prove that discussions concerning populism have reached a dead end, and we propose a way of surpassing it. The second purpose of this study is to understand the way in which populism threatens present liberal democracies. After discussing some of the available levels of analysis, we present an alternative methodology, intending to reach the core of the problem: populism is, above all, a sign of the problems of our own understanding of the realm of politics, that which is a part of our imaginary and takes root in modern thought.

Liberal Naturalism and Non-epistemic Values

The ‘value-free ideal’ has been called into question for several reasons. It does not include “epistemic values”—viewed as characteristic of ‘good science’—and rejects the so-called ‘contextual’, ‘non-cognitive’ or ‘non-epistemic’ values—all of them personal, moral, or political values. This paper analyzes a possible complementary argument about the dubitable validity of the value-free ideal, specifically focusing on social sciences, with a two-fold strategy. First, it will consider that values are natural facts in a broad or ‘liberal naturalist’ sense and, thus, a legitimate part of those sciences. Second, the paper will not reject the value-free ideal; rather, it will construe this ideal in a special way, not casting values aside in sciences, but bringing them to the table and rationally discussing them. Today’s predominant naturalistic view has tended to ‘naturalize’ values by looking for physicalist explanations for them—a move resisted by defenders of normativism in social sciences. At the same time, a contending ‘liberal naturalist’ stream has emerged, claiming that not all natural entities can be explained by the methods and concepts of physical sciences, and favors a non-materialist naturalism which includes mind, consciousness, meaning and value as fundamental parts of nature that cannot be reduced to matter. Hence, it may be posited that non-epistemic values could be ‘naturally’ included in the field of human sciences.

A learning-based framework adopting post occupancy evaluation for improving the performance of architectural design firms

PurposeDespite the active role of continuous learning on improving organizational performance, the construction industry generally and architectural design firms (ADFs) in particular are criticized for their inability to properly use learning to improve their performance. This paper aims to develop a business improvement framework based on post occupancy evaluation (POE) as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the above-mentioned aim, a twofold research strategy, namely, theoretical and practical, is used to achieve four objectives. The theoretical approach is used to conduct thorough literature review to investigate three main topics: building performance, organizational performance and learning organization. The practical approach is used to present and synthesize two relevant field studies to examine the role of POE toward improving the performance of ADFs and evaluate the perception and application of ADFs in Egypt toward improving their performance through POE. Based on the results gleaned from the objectives, the research developed a framework to facilitate the adoption and application of POE as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs. Finally, research conclusions and recommendations useful to ADFs and future research are outlined.FindingsThe construction industry is a fragmented business that is characterized by low performance compared to other industries. This is because the separation between design, construction and end-users results in missing the opportunity to provide designers with learned lessons, feedback and suggestions for design improvement that ultimately obstructs the performance of ADFs. POE is an effective tool adopted to measure building performance and provide learning environment to improve the performance of new projects and ADFs. The research realized that there is a need to fill the gap in construction literature concerning improving ADFs’ performance through POE and to develop a framework to facilitate the adoption and application of POE as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on improving the performance of ADFs only.Practical implicationsThe framework developed by this research establishes organized procedures to enable AFDs to implement POE and use its benefits toward improving their performance.Originality/valueThis paper presents a business improvement framework integrating POE as learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs. This ideology has received scant attention in construction literature. The developed framework represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred.

A diversity enhanced multiobjective particle swarm optimization

Multiobjective particle swarm optimizations (MOPSOs) are confronted with convergence difficulty as well as diversity deviation, due to combined learning orientations and premature phenomenons. Numerous adaptations of MOPSO have been introduced around the elite definition and leader selection in previous studies. Meanwhile the unique leader-oriented updating which reflects some properties of evolving, may provide control assistance under particular conditions. However, repetition and inefficient works on leader determination exist, and seldomly have studies taken PSO’s evolve rhythms into consideration to adjust the optimize strategy adaptively. In view of the above problems, and aim to balance the convergence and diversity during searching procedure, a novel diversity enhanced multiobjective particle swarm optimization (DEMPSO) is proposed in this paper. The novel method mainly focuses on the following innovations. First, a simplified leader-oriented formulation in PSO updating is introduced. Second, through taking full advantages of the PSO learning mechanism and extracting particles velocity information, novel intersection measurement for elite definition and novel decision variable analysis method for diversity enhancement are proposed. Third, an adaptive two-fold leader selection strategy is presented. The experimental results on benchmark test instances illustrate that DEMPSO outperforms other PSO-cored algorithms, and greatly improves the diversity maintain ability in high-dimensional objective spaces in comparison with some state-of-the-art decomposition-based and dominated-based evolutionary algorithms.

Crystallization of TiO₂ Nanotubes by In Situ Heating TEM.

The thermally-induced crystallization of anodically grown TiO2 amorphous nanotubes has been studied so far under ambient pressure conditions by techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction, then looking at the overall response of several thousands of nanotubes in a carpet arrangement. Here we report a study of this phenomenon based on an in situ transmission electron microscopy approach that uses a twofold strategy. First, a group of some tens of TiO2 amorphous nanotubes was heated looking at their electron diffraction pattern change versus temperature, in order to determine both the initial temperature of crystallization and the corresponding crystalline phases. Second, the experiment was repeated on groups of few nanotubes, imaging their structural evolution in the direct space by spherical aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy. These studies showed that, differently from what happens under ambient pressure conditions, under the microscope’s high vacuum (p < 10−5 Pa) the crystallization of TiO2 amorphous nanotubes starts from local small seeds of rutile and brookite, which then grow up with the increasing temperature. Besides, the crystallization started at different temperatures, namely 450 and 380 °C, when the in situ heating was performed irradiating the sample with electron beam energy of 120 or 300 keV, respectively. This difference is due to atomic knock-on effects induced by the electron beam with diverse energy.

The loosely coupled factors of organizational stress in police forces

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the recursive perspective that emphasizes bureaucracy as a source of officers’ stress, explain officers’ stress as a loosely coupled effect, examine the positive effects of loose coupling and legitimize the necessity of improving context management as a stress-reduction factor.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology uses a quantitative perspective; the members of two police forces constituted the universe; the sampling technique was not random and accidental; and an exploratory factor analysis and an invariance measure were performed.FindingsThe stress phenomenon is common and similar in both police forces, which means that it is indifferent to their organizational differences and has common causes. Loose coupling is present in both police work settings and entails significant stress; and the search for an explanation of the stress caused by loosely coupled elements should focus on both the value chain and the processes.Practical implicationsAddressing this phenomenon should entail a twofold improvement strategy: the correction of loosely coupled organizational factors by revising the management processes that cause stress and the prevention of loosely coupled effects by using professional training to enhance adaptive behavior within specific contexts.Originality/valuePolice organizations are addressed as loosely coupled (anarchic organized) systems instead of tightly coupled (bureaucratic) systems. The loosely coupled factors that emerge inside bureaucratic organizations cause significant stress among officers and complementary research is necessary to analyze the fallacious nature of the recursive attribution of police stress to bureaucratic characteristics.

Virtual signatures of dark sectors in Higgs couplings

Where collider searches for resonant invisible particles lose steam, dark sectors might leave their trace as virtual effects in precision observables. Here we explore this option in the framework of Higgs portal models, where a sector of dark fermions interacts with the standard model through a strong renormalizable coupling to the Higgs boson. We show that precise measurements of Higgs-gauge and triple Higgs interactions can probe dark fermions up to the TeV scale through virtual corrections. Observation prospects at the LHC and future lepton colliders are discussed for the so-called singlet-doublet model of Majorana fermions, a generalization of the bino-higgsino scenario in supersymmetry. We advocate a two-fold search strategy for dark sectors through direct and indirect observables.

Thermal comfort evaluation in cruise terminals

The variations of building typologies contribute to the difficulty of performing a correct analysis of the comfort conditions in buildings that do not fit the more common geometries and occupation patterns. The main objective of the article is to evaluate the comfort conditions of cruise terminal buildings, an example of this type of problem. A twofold strategy, comprising in-situ measurements and user surveys was implemented. A total of 20 independent field measurements of thermal comfort parameters underwent in 2 facilities located in Portugal. The in-situ measurements supported the comfort assessment by the PMV analytical index and by the ASHRAE 55 and EN15251 adaptive approaches. The responses to 572 questionnaires to judge sensations and preferences of the passengers were obtained. Other aspects were also inquired, such as the time spent in the facilities and the health status. The comparison of the comfort assessment with the results of the survey showed that the adaptive models provided a broader acceptance of the measured environmental conditions, in line with the broader acceptance demonstrated by the users. The significant restriction of the PMV model application in this building typology was emphasized. The contrast of sensations by passengers of different national origin, with tropical originals feeling neutral at higher operative temperatures than temperate climate originals, was detected as an influencing factor. Waiting time was another relevant factor found, as the time spent inside the buildings pointed to a greater demand by passengers.

Neuropsychological effects of occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

In the context of a health surveillance program for former PCB-exposed workers of a transformer and capacitor recycling company in Germany, their family members, employees of surrounding companies and area residents a broad range of cognitive functions covering attention, executive processing, reasoning, memory and motor performance was examined. The study aimed at identifying potential adverse effects of PCB load on cognitive functions. Detailed analysis of PCB burden of the participants revealed rather high correlations of lower and higher chlorinated as well as dioxin-like PCBs. Nearly one half of the participants exhibited increased burden in all three PCB classes whereas only 33 out of 237 participants did not show any increased PCB burden. Thus, data analysis followed a two-fold strategy: (1) Based on studies providing data on PCB exposure of the German general population the PCB burden of every participant was classified as normal (percentile rank PR <95) or increased (PR ≥95). Increased burden with respect to lower (LPCBs) and higher chlorinated (HPCBs) as well as dioxin-like (dlPCBs) PCBs was assumed if a participant showed at least one congener surpassing the PR95 criterion for the respective congener class and (2) Overall plasma PCB level per congener class was used as measure of PCB load. In a multivariate approach using structural equation modelling and multiple regression analysis we found a significant impact of PCBs on word fluency and sensorimotor processing irrespective of the measure of PCB burden (PR95 criterion or overall plasma level). However, no effect of PCB burden on memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility could be demonstrated. Particularly, an increase of LPCBs was associated with an overall reduction of verbal fluency of letter and semantic word generation as well as word production based on a single or two alternating criteria. In addition, participants with increased burden of LPCBs exhibited a time-on-task effect in terms of a stronger decline of performance with increasing duration of the verbal fluency task. Moreover, we found adverse effects of HPCBs on Aiming and of dlPCBs on Line Tracking. Results are discussed in terms of (1) a decrease of cerebral dopamine (DA) with non-coplanar PCBs resulting in an impact on fronto-striatal cerebral structures subserving verbal fluency and motor processing, (2) a PCB-induced reduction of norepinephrine leading to the time-on-task effect with verbal fluency, and (3) adverse effects of PCBs on dopaminergic receptors in the cerebellum resulting in impaired fine motor function.

The Role of Technology Complementarity and Technology Similarity in Corporate Venture Capital

Drawing on the learning perspective, we examine the role of technology complementarity (TC) and technology similarity (TS) in corporate venture capital (CVC). We conceptualize a twofold strategy for portfolio companies: On the one hand, they can attract the interest of corporate investors by offering TC and TS, leading to the formation of CVC relationships; on the other hand, they can benefit from the learning associated with TC and TS, thus leading to their choice of different exit modes. We found that TC and TS have different impacts on the formation of CVC relationships. We also found that TC and TS influence the likelihood of IPO and acquisition differently.