Two-way Connection Research Articles

Fuzzy-System Kernel Machines: A Kernel Method Based on the Connections Between Fuzzy Inference Systems and Kernel Machines

This article introduces the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fuzzy-system kernel machines</i> —a class of machine learning models based on the connection between fuzzy inference systems and kernel machines. For the connection, we observed a relationship between the representer theorem of kernel methods and the functional representation of nonsingleton fuzzy systems. We found that the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nonsingleton kernel on fuzzy sets</i> —a kernel defined in this article—is the core element allowing this two-way connection perspective. Consequently, a fuzzy system trained with the kernel method can be regarded as a kernel machine, whereas a kernel machine trained with a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nonsingleton kernel on fuzzy sets</i> can be interpreted as a fuzzy system. We conducted several experiments in supervised classification to understand the generalization power and properties of the proposed fuzzy-system kernel machines.

Ditching the Driving: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Determinants of Remote Work From Home for Sign Language Interpreters.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically impacted the working conditions for sign language interpreters, shifting the provision of interpreting services from onsite to remote. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the perceptions of determinants of remote interpreting implementation from home by sign language interpreters during the pandemic. We hypothesized that interpreters working across the primary settings of staff (agency, government, business, or hospital employees), educational (K-12 or postsecondary), community/freelance (independent contractor), video remote (the two-way connection between onsite participants and remote interpreter), and video relay (three-way telecommunication) would present with differing experiences of the implementation process. The Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire was adapted for sign language interpreters (DIBQ-SLI) and administered to certified interpreters working remotely at least 10 h per week. The DIBQ-SLI included eight constructs (knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, innovation characteristics, organizational resources and support, innovation strategies, and social support) and 30 items. Parametric statistics assessed differences in interpreters' perceptions across settings. Principal component analysis was conducted for data reduction and affirmation of the most critical constructs and items. One hundred and six interpreters (37 video relay, 27 video remote, 18 educational, 11 community/freelance, 11 staff interpreters, and two from "other" settings) completed the DIBQ-SLI. The video relay and staff interpreters consistently demonstrated the most favorable and the educational interpreters demonstrated the least favorable perceptions. Of the total variance, 58.8% of interpreters' perceptions was explained by organizational (41%), individual (10.7%), and social (7.1%) dimensions. There were significant differences across settings for the organizational and individual principal components; however, no differences were detected for the social principal component. An administrative infrastructure devoted to ensuring that interpreters receive sufficient managerial support, training, materials and resources, experience with remote interpreting before having to commit, and insights based on the results of their remote work (organizational principal component) may be necessary for improving perceptions. Remote interpreting is expected to continue after the pandemic ends; thus, settings with the least favorable ratings across behavior constructs may borrow strategies from settings with the most favorable ratings to help promote perceptions of the contextual determinants of future remote interpreting implementation.

Didactic Connection between Spreadsheet and Teaching Programming

When we talk about problem-solving skills, then, generally, programming comes to our minds as an activity that can develop algorithmic thinking and abstraction. Regarding the spreadsheet, the software application area could be our first, and mathematics could be our second thought. When spreadsheets and programming are mentioned together, programming of macros is in focus, which is in fact programming. In this paper, we want to focus on how these two areas impact each other, and we want to emphasize that the spreadsheet is an efficient tool to develop algorithmic thinking. Moreover, there is more “crosstalk” between these two tools. This paper will show through examples that there is a two-way connection between spreadsheet and programming; that is why it can be useful to build the concepts of these two topics mutually on each other. Keywords: spreadsheet, programming, problem solving, algorithmic thinking, teaching methodologies

Lymphatic Valve Dysfunction in Western Diet-Fed Mice: New Insights Into Obesity-Induced Lymphedema.

A two-way connection between obesity and lymphatic dysfunction has now been established. Clinical studies have demonstrated that obesity significantly increases the risk for developing secondary lymphedema. Using animal-models, obesity and metabolic syndrome have been linked to different aspects of lymphatic structural abnormalities and lymphatic dysfunction, including impaired contractility, impaired flow-mediated responses, impaired fluid transport, as well as increased permeability, and abnormal dendritic cell migration among others. Dysfunction of lymphatic valves is a main form of lymphatic dysfunction, known to result in severe edematous phenotypes; however, the extent of lymphatic valve deficiency in secondary lymphedema, including obesity-induced lymphedema, remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the present study were 1) to determine whether western diet-induced obesity results in lymphatic valve dysfunction, and 2) to determine whether lymphatic valve dysfunction in western diet-induced obesity results from the diet itself, or as a consequence of the metabolic alterations induced by the diet. First, we quantitatively assessed and compared valve function in isolated popliteal and mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels from control and western diet-induced obese C57BL/6J (WT) mice. Feeding a western diet for 14 weeks induced obesity and elevated plasma glucose and cholesterol levels when compared to controls. The function of lymphatic valves in popliteal lymphatics was not affected by diet-induced obesity; however, significant back-leak of pressure was observed in mesenteric lymphatic valves. Dysfunctional, leaky valves from obese animals also required significantly higher adverse pressure to trigger valve closure. Importantly, when subjected to treatment with a western diet, globally deficient PAI-1 mice were significantly protected against metabolic dysfunction and displayed fully functional, competent mesenteric lymphatic valves. In conclusion, our findings show for the first time that, in association with the metabolic alterations induced by the western diet, lymphatic valve dysfunction can be a critical component of obesity-induced lymphedema.

Association of Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysist

Introduction: Immune-mediated diseases such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unable to be fully recognized, although the etiologic factors are multifactorial. Material and Method: This meta-analysis taken literature based on full-text English journals published in the last 20-years ago (range 2002-2022). This article aims to discuss one-way or two-way connection between IBD inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease CeD. The databases that we use in writing this article are Sage Pub, Pubmed and Google Schoolar. Result: Several researches have presented that with IBD in patients, CeD is more common than the general population, although these results are inconsistent. Conclusion: One of the risk factors associated with the association between IBD and CeD is genetic susceptibility, which can be clearly identified from a previous family history of the disease. Keyword: Celiac Disease; Crohn’s Disease; IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease); Ulcerative Colitis

Depressive syndrome in gastroenterology

Depression has recently expanded beyond psychiatry to become a general medical problem. Psycho-emotional stress is the main factor that provokes anxiety-depressive disorders. There is a two-way connection between the psyche and the somatics: mental disorders affect somatic functions, and somatic diseases, in turn, affect the state of the psyche.&#x0D; In this article, the author pays attention to the most common gastroenterological diseases associated with mental disorders. They include: peptic ulcer, functional (gastroduodenal) dyspepsia syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, functional forms of chronic duodenal obstruction syndrome, chronic cholecystitis and associated extrahepatic biliary dyskinesia.&#x0D; As for the digestive system, psychosomatic disorders are manifested by nausea and vomiting, belching, flatulence, abdominal pain, rumbling and splashing in the intestines, constipation or diarrhea, dry mouth. Anxiety-depressive syndrome in patients is characterized by dyssomnia, chronic anxiety, bodily discomfort, hypothymia, synestopathy, somatoform disorders, frustration, alexithymia, etc.&#x0D; The main criteria and diagnostic tools for depression are described (international classifications, self-assessment scales, diagnostic tests).&#x0D; In addition to the basic individualized therapy for somatic diseases, patients usually need additional prescription of psychotropic drugs and psychological support. The main technique of treatment is psychotherapy (less often — hypnotherapy). Only upon the ineffectiveness of psychotherapy, doctors should resort to the appointment of psychotropic drugs of four different groups: anxiolytics, antidepressants, “small” antipsychotics, nootropics.

METAPHYSICS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY MODELS

Metaphysical numerical methods of self-organization of natural systems of Nature, their interdisciplinary connections and models are investigated. They are confirmed by a number of examples and facts, predict informational beginnings and the sequence of formation of material systems of Nature. The facts relate to the chemical elements of the Universe, plants and living systems in health and disease. Their structural periods of self-organization coincide or have common roots. Systems have a “end-to-end” similarity of everything with everything on the basis of the principle of self-similarity and unlimited two-way connection of structural parameters. It is shown that the Abelian Group, the basis of self-organization of systems, allows you to systematize models based on the unity of their origins. The concept of natural self-organization of systems predicts the chemical elements of the Universe and the existence (or appearance) of other civilizations in the world under similar external conditions.

EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON PAIN SYNDROME IN DELAYED SLEEP PHASE DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Parkinson’s disease is characterized mainly by damage to the neurons of the substantia nigra and other brain structures and manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms. In patients with Parkinson’s disease receiving dopaminergic therapy, a later onset of sleep has been identified that is associated with the development of the delayed sleep phase disorder. The delayed sleep phase disorder is characterized by a persistent delay in the circadian rhythm that causes a delay in the desired time of falling asleep and waking up. According to clinical guidelines for the treatment of delayed sleep phase disorder, exogenous melatonin is recommended. Along with this, its analgesic properties have been reported. At the same time circadian regulation of fluctuations of painful sensations transmission by either peripheral or central alarm system has been reported. In particular, the two-way connection between the nociceptive system and the circadian rhythm in the human body determines the possibility of mutual influence between these systems. However, the question of the therapeutic effect of melatonin in the presence of concomitant pathology on the circadian rhythm disorders, and, in particular, delayed sleep phase disorder that is a topical issue for patients with Parkinson's disease, is still remaining unexplored. The aim of the study is to compare the changes in subjective perception of pain in patients with Parkinson's disease, who received melatonin therapy and who did not, in delayed sleep phase disorder. We conducted a prospective study that included 48 patients with Parkinson's disease. Circadian rhythm disorders were diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3. The diagnosis of delayed sleep phase disorder was made on the basis of a clinical interview, filling in a sleep diary and daily thermometry for 7 days. The examined patients were divided into 2 groups according to the chosen method of treatment: group 1 - patients with Parkinson's disease and delayed sleep phase disorder receiving melatonin; group 2 - patients with Parkinson's disease and delayed sleep phase disorder receiving only general recommendations for improving sleep quality and daily functioning without medical intervention. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of patients’ clinical condition. The intensity of the pain syndrome was assessed on a visual-analogue scale. The McGill Questionnaire was used to analyze subjective experiences of pain. The patients of group 1 were prescribed to take melatonin, 1 tablet in a dose of 3 mg at 22:00. Individuals in group 2 received general recommendations on the schedule of sleep-wake cycles, light regime and sleep hygiene. Patients with Parkinson's disease and delayed sleep phase disorder have been diagnosed with mild to moderate pain. Treatment of delayed sleep phase disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease reduces the intensity and modality of the pain syndrome, which may be due to improved functioning of the descending pain modulation system and restoration of rhythmic expression of internal clock genes. The administration of melatonin as part of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of circadian rhythm disorders helps to reduce sensory sensations and affective experiences caused by pain that indicates the potential antinociceptive effect of melatonin in the treatment of circadian disorders.

Analysis of Success Factors of HYBE based on Service Triangle Model - BTS Case Study -

In this study, the service triangle model is used to identify the success factors of HYBE(former Big Hit), which has raised BTS(K-POP boy group known as Bangtan Boys in Korea). The service triangle model proposed by Albrecht & Zemke(1985) presents customer-centered service strategy, people(employee, service personnel), and supporting system as the three key components of operations management. As the result of the study, we suggest various success factors from managerial perspectives. Firstly, clear identification of customer segmentation, differentiated content for teenagers and the twenties, and responsiveness to environmental changes by strengthening learning capability are important factors in customer-centered service strategy. Secondly, optimizing the customer experience and stimulating the growth of the fanbase by actively utilizing information technology platforms such as V-LIVE and Weverse are important factors in customer-centered supporting system. Thirdly, BTS members’ self-production of content and direct communication with ARMY fans are critical factors in terms of customer-centered service personnel.<BR> Although these factors presented here partially overlap with the factors presented in previous studies, this study can help upper managers establish strategies and set directions for effective management at the corporate level by suggesting success factors through a two-way connection line.

Interactive CFD simulations with virtual reality to support learning in mixing

This study presents a user-friendly digital learning environment with interactive computational fluid dynamics simulations for higher education in chemical engineering. A client-server network is introduced to maintain an automated two-way connection between multiple CFD solvers and a game engine as a cross-platform development tool. A modular software development approach is pursued to obtain long-lasting connected digital applications. To prevail over heavy calculations and standalone features, a content delivery network is structured, through which any end-user devices are made employable regardless of hardware performance. From desktop to virtual reality applications, multiple digital platforms are demonstrated within a case study of mixing. The system performance of technical integrity is assessed to ensure a feasible and effective connection through the client-server network. A task-centered educational model is implemented to design digital learning environments concerning complex skills to be developed by learners. Discussions are drawn upon the applicability of the system and also integrity to traditional teaching practices.

Turning Base Transceiver Stations into Scalable and Controllable DC Microgrids Based on a Smart Sensing Strategy.

This paper describes a practical approach to the transformation of Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) into scalable and controllable DC Microgrids in which an energy management system (EMS) is developed to maximize the economic benefit. The EMS strategy focuses on efficiently managing a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) along with photovoltaic (PV) energy generation, and non-critical load-shedding. The EMS collects data such as real-time energy consumption and generation, and environmental parameters such as temperature, wind speed and irradiance, using a smart sensing strategy whereby measurements can be recorded and computing can be performed both locally and in the cloud. Within the Spanish electricity market and applying a two-tariff pricing, annual savings per installed battery power of 16.8 euros/kW are achieved. The system has the advantage that it can be applied to both new and existing installations, providing a two-way connection to the electricity grid, PV generation, smart measurement systems and the necessary management software. All these functions are integrated in a flexible and low cost HW/SW architecture. Finally, the whole system is validated through real tests carried out on a pilot plant and under different weather conditions.

3D printing enabled by light and enabling the manipulation of light: feature issue introduction

This feature issue aims at highlighting the two-way connection between optics and photonics and 3D printing. One direction concerns novel photoresist materials and technical advances in optics-based 3D additive manufacturing. The other direction uses such advanced optical 3D printing technologies for the realization of novel micro-optical components, micro-optical systems, 3D artificial materials called metamaterials, micro-robots, and more. All of these would be difficult if not impossible to manufacture otherwise.

3D printing enabled by light and enabling the manipulation of light: feature issue introduction

This feature issue aims at highlighting the two-way connection between optics and photonics and 3D printing. One direction concerns novel photoresist materials and technical advances in optics-based 3D additive manufacturing. The other direction uses such advanced optical 3D printing technologies for the realization of novel micro-optical components, micro-optical systems, 3D artificial materials called metamaterials, micro-robots, and more. All of these would be difficult if not impossible to manufacture otherwise.

Hardiness training for HIV-infected women

Aim objective is to study the relationship between the viability of HIV-infected women and their psychological state, lifelong orientations, and coping strategies for developing psychological intervention.Materials and methods. The study participants were patients of the St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS. The questionnaire includes the socio-demographic characteristics of women. «Resilience Test» S. Muddy, test «Meaningful Life Orientations» (SJO) D. A. Leont’ev, Stress Management Strategies (SACS) Questionnaire C. Hobfall, the SSD-12 scale evaluates the psychological stress associated with somatic symptoms. The Impact of Event Scale is designed to measure specific human responses to stressors, where a common scale measures the degree to which a response to HIV infection is a traumatic event.Results. The average age of women who participated in the training is 38.9 years. 48,1% (13/27) have higher education. 37% (10/27) have No children. 48,1% (13/27) of women are single (do not have a permanent sexual partner). 33,3% (9/27) of the participants were diagnosed with HIV infection less than a year ago. The training included a complex of three classes. Participants gathered once a week from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. The group was open. Those who completed a set of three classes were asked to fill out a feedback form. The indicators of the «Resilience» test at a high level of statistical significance are positively associated with the indicators of the LSS «General Intelligence», «Goals in Life», «Life Process», «Life Efficiency», «Locus of Control-I», «Locus of Control-Life». The severity of the perception of the diagnosis of HIV infection as a traumatic event has a two-way connection with psychological tension (at the cognitive, affective and behavioral levels), a negative connection with the meaning of life orientations and the need to find the «source» of the meaning of life at the moment. The traumatic effect of HIV infection is associated with aggressive behavior, difficulties in the meaningfulness of what is happening, with a loss of vigilance and self-confidence.

Digital innovation in rural area. A vision for smart village in Dropull

The rural areas in Albania are undergoing rapid demographic, social and economic changes concerning emigration, depopulation, population ageing, little use of agriculture, livestock, tourism potential, and marginalization due to market and service centralization and poor infrastructure. In the present condition of isolation and rural decay, the creation of an easy two-way connection between territory and the people can open up new opportunities to revitalize rural areas. The crucial role of these networks is to collect community potentials, create partnerships and offer benefits to the rural community. In this sense, the use of innovative digital technologies can become an important instrument to develop virtual networking through which a smart multimedia interactive platform can provide information, knowledge sharing and interconnection among different sectors. EU has already launched and promoted these concepts since 2017, through Smart Village initiative (European Commission, 2017), paying particular attention to the use of innovative digital technologies that create a new form of network cooperation beyond the village boundaries, involving the surrounding countryside and towns. Smart village means effectively and efficiently services delivered to the residents and businesses to improve their economic, social and environmental conditions, in particular finding out solutions offered by digital technologies. Digital innovation based on computing, communication and information technologies can act as an accelerator exploiting the hidden potential in the area. In the case of the proposed smart villages in the Municipality of Dropull, the first step to developing virtual networks through digital tools that support smart development is to provide digital infrastructure, broadband internet and to build a rural digital hub. This multi-service hub structure will be located in Jorgucat village, the municipality center, and it will manage digital services that respond to local needs offering support and training for the community. The aim is to create a network between the local community and other actors in different fields by facilitating the delivery of public services and offering new opportunities. Based on community needs, the objective of this study is to create a fast network of information and exchange between the territory and its governance, which enables information sharing and resource access for the people and tourists. In order to create this network, different e-tools (apps.) can be used to support and facilitate the process, focusing on the following vulnerable sectors of this Municipality: 1. Access to e-health, education, training and other essential services 2. Online market and promotion of local products 3. Online booking service, promoting tourism, heritage and cultural activities 4. Mobility 5. Governance. These tools are considered as a catalyst for the proposed network, which serves to reactivate human, environmental and financial resources in these villages and improve the attractiveness and competitiveness of rural areas. Successful networking models and e-tools already used in EU “smart villages” will be introduced to understand the structure of the information system and management. This will constitute the basis for the development of specific networking models inherent to the particularities of the Dropull villages, which can be supported by e-tools.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ВІДКРИТОСТІ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ ШЛЯХОМ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО УРЯДУВАННЯ

Удосконалення діяльності системи органів публічної влади можливе тільки у разі забезпечення постійного зростання їх інформаційної відкритості. Сучасне розвинене суспільство не може існувати без забезпечення двостороннього зв’язку між органами публічної влади з, одного боку, та громадянами і бізнесом, з іншого боку. Власне, самі органи влади зацікавлені у наявності такого взаємозв’язку, оскільки, зростає довіра до них (органів публічної влади) та, відповідно, наявна підтримка певних, навіть непопулярних, рішень з боку населення країни. Відтак, зростання інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади є необхідною передумовою для розвитку сучасного публічного адміністрування загалом. На сьогодні підвищення інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади варто забезпечувати шляхом впровадження системи електронного урядування.&#x0D; Незважаючи на те, що дана проблема викликає зацікавленість у всьому світі, потреба у розробці конкретних підходів до її вирішення в Україні не викликає сумнівів. Підвищення інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади шляхом впровадження системи електронного урядування є на теперішній час необхідним кроком, оскільки завдяки ньому можна покращити взаємозв’язок між органами влади та громадянами і бізнесом.&#x0D; Метою статті є дослідження процесу інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади шляхом практичної реалізації концепції електронного урядування. Для досягнення даної мети у статті виконуються такі завдання: по-перше, обґрунтовується потреба у підвищення інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади загалом, по-друге, пропонується удосконалити інформаційну відкритість органів публічної влади шляхом практичного впровадження системи електронного урядування.&#x0D; У статті наведено авторське бачення підходів до підвищення інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади, а саме через впровадження системи електронного урядування. Зазначено, що підвищення інформаційної відкритості органів публічної влади повинно відбуватися на загальнодержавному, регіональному та місцевому рівнях.

Легенды о растениях как отражение мировоззрения китайского народа

Flowers, fruits and trees grow everywhere. They are separated only by species diff erences and regional differences. After their birth, at the beginning of growth, they do not carry any cultural information. However, when a person begins to interact with nature more closely, a two-way connection is established between them. When plants came into the interest of ancient writers, they became the basis of a rich plant culture that was strongly associated with ancient diet, medicine, politics, folklore, and aesthetics. The relationship between people and plants has a long history: in constant contact with a person, plants gradually turn from material resources into cultural symbols associated with personal feelings, national character, folk traditions, etc. In addition, the legend of plants contains the traditional moral ideas of the Chinese nation, a description of family relationships and shows the development of human civilization. The object of this article is legends about plants. The article substantiates the cultural function and value of such legends, as well as the refl ection of the worldview of the Chinese people through these legends. In addition, the analysis and classifi cation of the types and characteristics of the national culture through the prism of legends about plants is carried out. This study provides new information needed to understand the Chinese nation and its culture, as Chinese plant legends carry people’s views on history, ethics and morality

A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Depression in Cardiovascular Disease Patient in The Nilgiris Population: Association with Blood Pressure

Depression is a common disorder in Cardio-vascular patients with a prevalence of twenty percent (20%) to forty five percent (45%), which is much more frequent than in the general population. Depressive symptoms are often overlooked in cardiac patients and their manifestation, especially after MI, is considered normal. Almost every life-threatening condition, including MI, stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete the corticotropic-releasing hormone, which stimulates the HPA axis. The two-way connection between depression and heart disease, which share the pathophysiological mechanism of origin, affects the prognosis of post-infarction recovery of depressed patients due to the impact of depression on the HPA axis activation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet reactivation and enhanced inflammatory response. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at secondary care government hospitals located at the Nilgiris district on different cardiovascular disease patients using HAM-D questionnaires for the assessment of depression. In this study, the level of depression in cardiovascular disease patients were assessed associating with patient variability in relation to age, gender, education, food habits, social habits, duration of disease and blood pressure values. There was a significant increase in depression score with the increase in blood pressure level. The patients were found to be having depression even though they were on cardiovascular treatment after they were being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. With the treatment of cardiovascular disease conditions, the assessment for depression should be done and if required, depending on the level of depression, counselling and/with psychotherapy (eg. Cognitive behavioural therapy) may be recommended to avoid cardiac morbidity and mortality.&#x0D;

Basis of the computational domain selection in the problems of modeling a viscous flow in lowflow stages of a centrifugal compressor

The paper examines the problem of definition of the computational domain of the gasflow part at numerical simulation (RANS-approach) of gas flow in the low-flow stage of a centrifugal compressor at conditional flow rate Ф = 0.008. Several variations of replacing the design assembly of the flow part of the simulation stage with a gasdynamic model are considered: main working path of the stage; main working path of the stage taking into account the inlet area (inlet pipe and cowling); main working path of the stage taking into account the adjacent areas with full and partial connection with the gasflow part; main working path of the stage taking into account the friction surfaces of the stage rotor hub. It is shown that in case of axial suction into the stage the inlet pipe and cowling don’t significantly affect the parameter profile in front of the stage rotor and the gasdynamic characteristics of the stage. Modeling without areas adjacent to the path gives unsatisfactory quantitative and qualitative results. The most relevant option to take into account the losses of disk friction and leaks is a full twoway connection of adjacent areas with the flow part along the stage rotor disks, because when connecting only at the outlet of the stage rotor, the friction and leak losses are simulated, but the effect on the flow in the stage rotor is not taken into account. In some cases, it is important to consider the additional areas involved in friction losses.