Two-tier Stochastic Frontier Model Research Articles

Estimating Labor Force Joiners and Leavers Using a Heterogeneity Augmented Two-Tier Stochastic Frontier

We derive a non-standard unit root serial correlation formulation for intertemporal adjustments in the labor force participation rate. This leads to a tractable three-error component model, which in contrast to other models embeds heterogeneity into the error structure. Unlike in the typical iid three-error component two-tier stochastic frontier model, our equation's error components are independent but not identically distributed. This leads to a complex nonlinear likelihood function requiring identification through a two-step estimation procedure, which we estimate using Current Population Survey (CPS) data. By transforming the basic equation linking labor force participation to the working age population, this paper devises a new method which can be used to identify labor market joiners and leavers. The method's advantage is its parsimonious data requirements, especially alleviating the need for survey based longitudinal data.

Dual Attributes of Government Intervention and China’s Real Estate Prices—Is Chinese Government a Promoter of the Real Estate Prices?

Real estate prices is the most controversial topic of people's livelihood, based on the dual attributes of government intervention,this article analyzes equilibrium properties of real estate prices and government intervention on real estate prices with two-tier stochastic frontier model. The results show that government intervention does play a leading role in the promotion process of real estate prices. Chinese buyers were forced to accept a higher prices than the equilibrium prices, but the net surplus that the government seized from the real estate has been decreasing year by year, the government is intended to make the real estate prices stable through policy intervention; Besides,the degree of intervention shows a significant geographical feature,that is,the eastern region’s intervention is the strongest, followed by the western and the central.

What determines the outcome of licensing deals in market for technology? Empirical analysis of sellers and buyers in biotechnology alliances

This paper empirically investigates factors affecting the relative bargaining strength of sellers and buyers in biotechnology markets, using transaction-level data for alliances between 1993 and 2008. Specifically, a two-tier stochastic frontier model is applied to our dataset for estimating the advantage of sellers and buyers, separately, and the advantage difference between them is regressed on possible determinants, such as scope of technology, stage of pharmaceutical R&D process, previous experience forming technology alliances, seller and buyer characteristics, and financial market conditions at the time of agreement. The results show that buyers were greatly advantaged over sellers in many alliances. However, a seller's bargaining position tended to improve significantly after the clinical research phase, as did repeating transactions with previous partners. US sellers also enjoyed an advantage over non-US buyers.

The half-normal specification for the two-tier stochastic frontier model

In the context of the two-tier stochastic frontier model, we present a new closed-form stochastic specification, the half-normal one. Expressions to calculate average and conditional measures of inefficiency are provided, for regression specifications in levels and in logs. Some results related to model validation and maximum likelihood estimation are also presented.

The effects of match uncertainty and bargaining on labor market outcomes: evidence from firm and worker specific estimates

In this paper we examine wage dispersion in labor markets across currently employed workers. We argue that differences in the potential productivity of a match (typically assumed to be known in the previous literature) generates a surplus between the minimum wage the worker is willing to accept and the maximum wage the firm is willing to offer for the job. Existence of this surplus leads to wage dispersion due to negotiating over the amounts extracted by each agent. Our objective is to estimate the surplus extracted by each firm-worker pair and the effect of the net extracted surplus on the wage, for each firm-worker pair using the two-tier stochastic frontier model. An empirical application finds that, on average, firms paid workers less than their expected productivity. More specifically, at the mean, the net effect of productivity uncertainty leads to equilibrium wages which are 3.33% below the expected productivity of matches.