Two-stage Filtration Research Articles

Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates

Plastic pollution poses a critical global environmental challenge, and within this context, nanoplastics (NPs), the smallest plastic fragments, remain poorly understood. The progress in studying NP toxicity and developing analytical methods highly depends on access to well-defined NP materials. Herein, a straightforward and eco-friendly method for fabricating NP particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates is presented. The process began with blending plastics with a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), followed by the dissolution of the PVA matrix in water and the isolation of the NPs through a two-stage filtration process. NP materials from three widely used plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were prepared, underscoring the versatility of this method. The resulting NPs were primarily submicron in size, and their size distribution was tuned by varying the blend ratio. Furthermore, by incorporating a stretch operation during the extrusion, the NP shape could be varied, enabling the fabrication of NP fibril materials. This method, which does not rely heavily on specialized equipment and avoids the use of harsh solvents, offers a viable and eco-friendly approach to fabricating NP samples suitable for a broad range of research applications.

Performance evaluation and parameter estimation of the advanced primary filtration (APF) process in wastewater treatment plants

Conventional technologies employed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) demand significant energy consumption. Concurrently, the wastewater infrastructure is experiencing a heavy strain as a result of the increased influent loads and pollutants. Advanced primary filtration (APF) is an emerging wastewater treatment process for early removal of suspended solids from raw wastewater. In this work, the APF process comprises of a two-stage filtration system, consisting of a proprietary rotating belt filter (RBF) (collectively known as microsieve) followed by a proprietary continuous backwash upflow media filter (CBUMF). The principal focus of this study is the assessment of the APF process performance, and the prediction of the total suspended solids (TSS) effluent concentrations of the APF process, using a parameter estimation method. According to pilot scale experimental results, the percentages of TSS (average TSS removal rate of 51 %) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (average BOD5 removal rate of 30 %), removed by the microsieve were notably higher compared to conventional primary treatment (sedimentation). The removal efficiency of the APF process during stable operation, varied from 69 to 86 % for TSS, as compared to 50–70 % typically achieved with primary sedimentation. The removal performance of BOD5 varied from 44 to 82 %, as compared to 25 to 40 % typically achieved with primary sedimentation. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates for the APF process ranged between 62 and 90%, as compared to 25–40 % typically achieved with primary sedimentation. The early removal of TSS prior to aeration tank has the potential to significantly enhance the capacity of the WWTP and decrease the energy requirements of the aeration tank. A high degree of concordance between model predictions and experimental data was observed. This study demonstrated the potential of using the APF process for the early removal of TSS from raw municipal wastewater just upstream of the aeration tank.

Long-term assessment of energy consumption reduction in a building ventilation system with passive particulate matter control technology in the fresh air intake

A particulate matter (PM) control device known as aspiration efficiency reducer (AER) has been developed as an attachment to the fresh air intake in building ventilation systems to reduce building energy consumption and improve the fresh air intake’s quality. Ambient particle laden air is drawn into the fresh air inlet of a mechanically ventilated building via the air handling unit (AHU). The ventilation system particle filters become loaded and clogged with PM, increasing the load on the fan’s motor. Three novel AER devices were tested against an AHU inlet rainhood, and their long-term energy performance assessed. Furthermore, an AER attached to an AHU incorporating single-stage filtration (SSF) was compared against an AHU fitted with rainhoods employing two-stage filtration (TSF). The findings showed AER technology resulted in a 6.6–11.4 % reduction in the AHU’s energy consumption. Finally, the impact of the AER with SSF compared to a rainhood with TSF led to a lowering of the system pressure throughout the entire testing period, reduced filter and labour costs resulting in a 36.5 % reduction in the total costs. AER technology and a ventilation filtration system design tailored to the local environment will result in lower building energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

Heavy metal and bacterial water filtration using Moringa oleifera and coconut shell-activated carbon

Scarcity of potable drinking water exposes people to dangerous impurities – i.e., lead, copper, nitrates, and Escherichia coli – that contribute to life-threatening health concerns and are subsequently detrimental to the environment. Current, complex water filtration systems, most commonly reverse osmosis (RO) water filtration systems, remove some heavy metals and bacteria, but are chemically based and expensive to install and maintain. Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to as moringa, is a vegetable tree that produces leaves and fruit with both antibacterial and filtration properties for the removal of bacteria, sediment, and heavy metals suitable for removing them from water. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of moringa seeds as a filtration material. To conduct this study, we filtered simulated polluted water containing lead oxide, copper, and ammonium nitrate with moringa. Our results showed that moringa seeds were an effective filtration material. However, the filtered water still contained a significant concentration of heavy metals. Therefore, to further purify the water, we added a coconut shell-activated carbon (CSAC) filter, which proved to remove 100% of the residual contaminants. A real-world testing sample from Elm Fork Trinity River water was also tested for both heavy metal elimination and bacterial filtration. Results revealed that after the two-stage filtration, E. coli was no longer in detectable range. Our study demonstrates an effective method of heavy metal and bacteria removal from polluted water. Using moringa seed powder and CSAC, this economical, readily available filter can prove to be a more efficient alternative than current RO Systems.

Evaluation of a single-use disk stack centrifuge for improved efficiency and sustainability at 1000 L GMP manufacturing scale.

Direct depth filtration is an established technology for single-use harvest operation. Advantages of direct depth filtration include familiarity with depth filtration in downstream processes and simplicity of the operation. Drawbacks include low capacity, large footprint, labor-intensive set-up, high water use, and high waste in the form of discarded filters. Single-use centrifugation is emerging as an alternative to depth filtration for the single-use harvest step. Within the single-use centrifugation space, disc stack centrifugation represents the newest entrant. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the GEA kytero single-use disc stack centrifuge to clarify two monoclonal antibody-producing cell culture fluids. The separation performance of the GEA kytero centrifuge varied between the two cell culture fluids, with differences in centrate turbidity and centrate filterability measured. A comparison was then performed to determine resource savings, compared to direct two-stage depth filtration, when using a GEA kytero centrifuge to harvest a 1000 L bioreactor. The analysis concluded that replacement of the first stage of depth filters with a GEA kytero centrifuge has the potential to decrease the required second stage depth filtration area by up to 80%. The decrease in depth filter area resulting from the use of the GEA kytero would result in a decrease in the harvest step footprint, a decrease in buffer volume required to prime and rinse depth filters, and a decrease in the volume of plastic waste. An economic comparison of the GEA kytero single-use centrifuge against a direct depth filtration step found that for a 1000 L harvest step, the GEA kytero centrifuge may reduce costs by up to 20% compared with two-stage direct depth filtration.

Design of a two-stage air monitoring and filtration system for implementation in enclosed spaces

The objective of this paper is to develop an air quality monitoring system implemented indoors. Our research is qualitative approach and a descriptive scope, since, the measurement of CO2 levels will be performed from an automated system that will be monitoring this parameter and to determine whether the air quality is adequate or air recirculation is required. The study focused on the detection of carbon dioxide CO2 over a 12-day period. The results obtained from the monitoring system show average values of 600 ppm for the dirty air sensor, while values of 488 ppm were obtained at the system output. Therefore, the performance of the system for air filtration is verified

Experimental Study of a PowerCore Filter Bed Operating in a Two-Stage System for Cleaning the Inlet Air of Internal Combustion Engines

Small dust grains cause a higher intensity of increase in the flow resistance of the fibrous filter bed, which, due to the established value of the permissible resistance, results in a shorter period of operation of the air filter and the vehicle. At the same time, the mass of dust per unit of filtration area takes on smaller values. Such a phenomenon occurs in the two-stage “multicyclone-baffle filter” engine inlet air filtration system. The main objective of this study was to experimentally determine the mass of dust retained per unit of filtration area (dust absorption coefficient km) of the PowerCore filter bed operating under two-stage filtration conditions, which cannot be found in the available literature. The original methodology and conditions for determining the dust absorption coefficient km of a PowerCore filter bed operating under two-stage filtration conditions are presented. Tests were carried out on the characteristics of filtration efficiency and accuracy, as well as on the flow resistance of a filtration unit consisting of a single cyclone and a PowerCore test filter with an appropriately selected surface area of filter material. During the tests, conditions corresponding to the actual conditions of vehicle use and air filter operation were maintained, including filtration speed and the dust concentration in the air. The experimentally determined dust absorption coefficient of the PowerCore research filters operating in a two-stage filtration system took on values in the range of km = 199–219 g/m2. The dust absorption coefficient km of the PowerCore research filter operating under single-stage filtration conditions reached a value of km = 434 g/m2, which is twice as high. Prediction of the mileage of a car equipped with a single-stage and two-stage “multi-cyclone-partition” filtration system was carried out, showing the usefulness of the experimentally determined dust absorption coefficients km.

Influence of Oil Content on Particle Loading Characteristics of a Two-Stage Filtration System

Filter media may encounter aerosols mixed with solid and oil ingredients from various sources, such as industries, transportation, and households, in the air purification process, while the influence such oil content has on the loading performance of single-stage and two-stage filtration systems is under-reported. Thus, this study aims to evaluate oil fraction effects on the loading performance of single-stage and two-stage filtration systems. First, to reveal the oil–solid mixed particle deposition mechanisms, the filter media parameters, i.e., specific cake resistance ε and cake porosity K2, were tested, indicating that a slight amount of oil can increase the dust holding capacity (DHC) of filters by forming a more porous cake, while an excess of oil results in reduced DHC by forming impermeable liquid films on the solid skeleton. Further two-stage experimental results indicate that the effectiveness of a pre-stage filter can be significantly affected by the properties of incoming aerosol and main-stage filters. The utilization of a pre-stage filter unintentionally deteriorated the service lifetime of the main-stage filter when challenged with contaminants with certain oil particles. This counter-intuitive negative phenomenon is due to the special loading behaviors of oil–solid mixed particles. The existing pre-stage filters allow a higher fine oil particle fraction to reach the main-stage downstream, while the induced cake filtration scenario leading to a film clogging scenario adversely reduced the lifetime of the main-stage filter. The findings suggest that the feasibility of a pre-stage in the filtration system requires compressive evaluations according to the specific oil-coated contaminants.

Study on Gas Flow Parameters and Fractional Removal Efficiency of Ultrafine Particulate Matter in Newly Developed Electro Cyclone-Filter

The treatment of polluted industrial flow remains a relevant topic for the purpose of sustainable development and improvement of the general state of the environment. The removal of particulate matter, and especially their fine and ultra-fine fractions, from the gas flow, is an urgent task, but it poses many challenges and demands for purification technology. This paper presents the results of the first stage of the research using a newly developed cleaning device operating by a complex principle, which consists of a new generation two-stage centrifugal filtration device and an electro-filter. The rate of air flow was varied from 0.3 to 1.16 m/s at the inlet and corresponds to an air flow yield of 53 m3/h to 205 m3/h. The maximum pressure drop at an air flow of 255 m3/h is 26 Pa. Research has shown that the efficiency of removing ultra-fine particulate matter is up to 99.7% for particles 0.3–0.5 µm in size at 200 m3/h of the air flow rate.

Biophysical Analysis and Preclinical Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Tangential Flow Filtration Fractionated Polymerized Human Hemoglobin as a Red Blood Cell Substitute.

Red blood cell (RBC) substitutes tested in late-phase clinical trials contained low-molecular-weight hemoglobin species (<500 kDa), resulting in vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative tissue injury; therefore, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. This work aims to improve the safety profile of the RBC substitute, polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb), via in vitro and in vivo screening of PolyhHb fractionated into four molecular weight brackets (50-300 kDa [PolyhHb-B1]; 100-500 kDa [PolyhHb-B2]; 500-750 kDa [PolyhHb-B3]; and 750 kDa to 0.2 μm [PolyhHb-B4]) using a two-stage tangential flow filtration purification process. Analysis showed that PolyhHb's oxygen affinity, and haptoglobin binding kinetics decreased with increasing bracket size. A 25% blood-for-PolyhHb exchange transfusion guinea pig model suggests that hypertension and tissue extravasation decreased with increasing bracket size. PolyhHb-B3 demonstrated extended circulatory pharmacokinetics, no renal tissue distribution, no aberrant blood pressure, or cardiac conduction effects, and may therefore be appropriate material for further evaluation.

Fine-tuning of carbon nanostructures/alginate nanofiltration performance: Towards electrically-conductive and self-cleaning properties

Electrically-conductive membranes became the center of attention owing to their enhanced ion selectivity and self-cleaning properties. Carbon nanostructures (CNS) attain high electrical conductivity, and fast water transport. Herein, we adopt a water-based, simple method to entrap CNS within Alginate network to fabricate self-cleaning nanofiltration membranes. CNS are embedded into membranes to improve the swelling/shrinkage resistivity, and to achieve electrical-conductivity. The CaAlg PEG-formed pores are tuned by organic-inorganic network via silane crosslinking. Flux/rejection profiles of Na2SO4 are studied/optimized in reference to fabrication parameters. 90% Na2SO4 rejection (7 LMH) is achieved for silane-CaAlg200-10% CNS membranes. Membranes exhibit outstanding electrical conductivity (∼2858 S m−1), which is attractive for fouling control. CaAlg/CNS membranes are tested to treat dye/saline water via two-stage filtration, namely, dye/salt separation and desalination. A successful dye/salt separation is achieved at the first stage with a rejection of 100%-RB and only 3.1% Na2SO4, and 54% Na2SO4 rejection in the second stage.

Extraction of monophenols and fractionation of depolymerized lignin oil with nanofiltration membranes

Organic solvent nanofiltration membranes were employed to fractionate birch derived reductive catalytic fractionated (RCF) lignin oil. This lignin oil is highly depolymerized, with most, if not all chemical compounds lighter than 3 kDa. Sixteen commercially available membranes were investigated for the fractionation, in combination with methanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. Membrane performances were quantified using Gaussian fits of gel permeation chromatograms and separation factor calculations. The separation factor was found to be primarily based on affinities instead of size-exclusion. The silicon-based membranes from Borsig (Germany) and PuraMem S600 from Evonik (UK) proved best at separating lignin into different functional fractions, showing monomer separation factors up to 7.4 and providing a permeate fraction with 88 % phenolic monomer purity. These membranes were further examined in batch diafiltration and two-stage filtration. This increased the separation factor from 7.4 to 25.4, and the monomer purity of the permeate to 95 %, proving that membrane purification of the lignin-derived monophenols is technically feasible.

Purifying chylous plasma by precluding triglyceride via carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane

Precluding the excessive lipoproteins from plasma rapidly and effectively is highly needed for biomedical detection and reducing plasma product scrap in blood donation stations. The current centrifugation procedure is high-cost and time-consuming. Herein, we fabricated an anionic microfiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane modified by interface swelling and implanting of acrylic acid (AA) for screening out large particle lipoprotein chylomicron (CM) and adsorbing cationic very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). To improve the separation efficiency, a two-stage filtration through carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes with the mean pore size of 0.45 and 0.22 μm respectively were conducted. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared technique (ATR-FTIR), water contact angle (WCA), Zeta potential and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the modified membrane. To test the effectiveness of this membrane, plasma flux and concentration variation of plasma components were examined to study the purification effectiveness. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility of modified membranes was tested to confirm its practicability on blood-contacting materials. The carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane shows its promising potential application to purify chylous plasma.

Filter evaluation and selection for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Particle size removal efficiencies for 0.1–1.0 μm (PSE0.1−1.0) and 0.3–1.0 μm (PSE0.3−1.0) diameter of Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) filters, an electrostatic enhanced air filter (EEAF), and their two‐stage filtration systems were evaluated. Considering the most penetrating particle size was 0.1–0.4 μm particulate matter (PM), the PSE0.1−1.0 as an evaluation parameter deserves more attention during the COVID‐19 pandemic, compared to the PSE0.3−1.0. The MERV 13 filters were recommended for a single‐stage filtration system because of their superior quality factor (QF) compared to MERV 6, MERV 8, MERV 11 filters, and the EEAF. Combined MERV 8 + MERV 11 filters have the highest QF compared to MERV 6 + MERV 11 filters and EEAF + MERV 11 filters; regarding 50% of PSE0.1−1.0 as the filtration requirements of two‐stage filtration systems, the MERV 8 + MERV 11 filtration system can achieve this value at 1.0 m/s air velocity, while PSE0.1−1.0 values were lower than 50% at 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s. EEAF obtained a better PSE0.3−1.0 in the full‐recirculated test rig than in the single‐pass mode owing to active ionization effects when EEAF was charged by alternating current.

Solvent recovery from photolithography wastes using cellulose ultrafiltration membranes

Solvent recycling and reuse are indispensable for ensuring a sustainable chemical industry and circular economy. In this study we report the fabrication of cellulose ultrafiltration membranes and their application in recovery of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) used as developer solvent in SU-8 photolithography. Cellulose membranes were fabricated via alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose acetate membranes in aqueous NaOH. Membrane permeance and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) were tuned via changing cellulose acetate concentration in precursor solution and evaporation of volatile co-solvent, acetone. MWCO of the membranes was found to be smallest in DMSO, followed by water and largest in methanol. The difference was attributed to the different hydrodynamic diameters of the probe molecules in these solvents. SU-8 rejection from its representative developer solutions in PGMEA was assessed in dead-end filtration at up to 80% permeate recovery. After the first filtration, the collected permeate was fed to the same membrane to simulate a two-stage filtration scenario. Rejection was in the range of 87%–89% in a first stage filtration and 79%–80% in a second stage, both operated at 80% permeate recovery. Recycled solvent could be used in photolithography although with some loss of pattern fidelity, possibly owing to remaining SU-8 and photoacid generator in PGMEA. • Cellulose membrane permeance and MWCO tuned between 0.40–23.3 LHM/bar and 4–15 kDa. • Permeance is via pore flow mechanism but is also affected by swelling and steric hindrance. • SU-8 can be recovered from its PGMEA solution and reused in photolithography.

Organic Solvent-Based Protein Precipitation for Robust Proteome Purification Ahead of Mass Spectrometry.

While multiple advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instruments have improved qualitative and quantitative proteome analysis, more reliable front-end approaches to isolate, enrich, and process proteins ahead of MS are critical for successful proteome characterization. Low, inconsistent protein recovery and residual impurities such as surfactants are detrimental to MS analysis. Protein precipitation is often considered unreliable, time-consuming, and technically challenging to perform compared to other sample preparation strategies. These concerns are overcome by employing optimal protein precipitation protocols. For acetone precipitation, the combination of specific salts, temperature control, solvent composition, and precipitation time is critical, while the efficiency of chloroform/methanol/water precipitation depends on proper pipetting and vial manipulation. Alternatively, these precipitation protocols are streamlined and semi-automated within a disposable spin cartridge. The expected outcomes of solvent-based protein precipitation in the conventional format and using a disposable, two-stage filtration and extraction cartridge are illustrated in this work. This includes the detailed characterization of proteomic mixtures by bottom-up LC-MS/MS analysis. The superior performance of SDS-based workflows is also demonstrated relative to non-contaminated protein.

MetaBoost: A Novel Heterogeneous DCNNs Ensemble Network With Two-Stage Filtration for SAR Ship Classification

Current synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship classification research mainly focuses on modifying deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and injecting manual features on DCNNs. Yet, the weak robustness of individual models in high-risk scenarios makes it difficult to gain the trust of SAR experts. In this letter, an automated method of heterogeneous DCNNs model ensemble based on two-stage filtration (MetaBoost) is proposed, effectively achieving robustness and high accuracy recognition on SAR ship classification. The principle of MetaBoost is generating a pool of diverse heterogeneous classifiers, selecting a subset of the most diverse and accurate classifiers, and finally fusing meta-features from the optimal subset. MetaBoost is a self-configuring algorithm that automatically determines the optimal type and number of base classifiers to be combined. Extensive experiments on the OpenSARShip and FUSAR-Ship datasets show that MetaBoost significantly outperforms individual classifiers, traditional ensemble models, and feature injection techniques.

Influence of the method of out-of-furnace melt treatment on hydrogen content in 5083 aluminum alloy

The work was carried out in laboratory conditions at the semicontinuous ingot casting installation (SICI) in the casting laboratory of the Siberian Federal University. The article presents the results of comparative studies of the dynamics of aluminum saturation with hydrogen over the entire hardware and technological scheme. The article gives a schematic diagram of the semicontinuous ingot-casting unit. Studies were carried out using a single- and two-stage aluminum melt filtration system with the use of ceramic foam filters with an alumosilicate binder bonded with stabilized borosilicate glass. The results of investigations of the ceramic foam filter heating temperature influence (less than 500 oC and higher than 500 oC) on hydrogen concentration in an aluminum alloy are presented. The hydrogen content studies have been carried out during complex passing of aluminum melt through a single- or two-stage filtration by a ceramic foam filter. The paper presents the results obtained by applying a degassing unit that operates on the principle of the molten metal inert gas blowing (argon). During the study, it was found that the average hydrogen concentration in an aluminum alloy before passing through a ceramic foam filter was 0.19 cm3/100 g Al, and that after passing through the filtration system with ceramic foam filters was 0.185 cm3/100 g Al. The paper shows that the ceramic foam filter heating degree does not affect the aluminum alloy saturation with hydrogen. In the course of the work, it was found that the most significant effect of reducing hydrogen concentration could be achieved by blowing aluminum with inert gas (argon) along with filtration by a ceramic foam filter (CFF), which was confirmed by a series of experiments. The research was carried out in the context a regional competition for the best projects of interdisciplinary fundamental scientific research conducted by the RFBR, the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Regional Foundation and enterprises operating in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as organizations participating in the Yenisey Siberia complex investment project (No. 20-48-242916).

Experimental Research of Fibrous Materials for Two-Stage Filtration of the Intake Air of Internal Combustion Engines.

Pollutant properties in intake air to internal combustion engines were analyzed. Mineral dust particles’ influence on accelerated engine components’ wear was discussed. Dust concentration values in the air under various operating conditions in trucks and special vehicles were presented. The idea and necessity for using two-stage filters, operating in a “multi-cyclone–porous partition” system for vehicles operated in dusty air conditions, are presented. Information from the literature information has been presented, showing that impurities in small grain sizes reduce fiber bed absorbency. It has been shown that such a phenomenon occurs during filter material operation, located directly behind the inertial filter (multi-cyclone), which off-road vehicles are equipped with. It results in a greater pressure drop intensity increase and a shorter proper filter operation period. It has been shown that filter material selection for the motor vehicle air filter requires knowledge of the mass of stopped dust per filtration unit area (dust absorption coefficient km) determined for a given permissible resistance value Δpfdop. It has been shown that there is no information on absorption coefficient values for filter materials operating in a two-stage “multi-cyclone–porous partition” separation system. Original methodology and conditions for determining dust absorption coefficient (km) of a separation partition, operating under the conditions of two-stage filtration, were presented. The following characteristics were tested: separation efficiency, filtration performance, and pressure drop characteristics of three different filtration partitions. These were A (cellulose), B (cellulose and polyester), and C (cellulose, polyester, and nanofibers layer), working individually and in a two-stage system—behind the cyclone. Granulometric dust composition dosed into the cyclone and cyclone downstream was determined. During tests, conditions corresponding to air filter’s actual operating conditions, including separation speed and dust concentration in the air, were maintained. For the pressure drop values, the dust absorption coefficient (km) values of three different filtration partitions (A, B, and C), working individually and in a two-stage system—behind the cyclone—were determined experimentally.

Tunable Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membrane for Effective Dye/Salt Separation and Desalination.

Effective dye separation and desalination are critical for the treatment of highly saline textile wastewater with dye mixtures. In this study, a graphene oxide (GO) membrane with a tunable interlayer distance (d) was fabricated to generate clean water via two-stage filtration, namely, the dye/salt separation and desalination stages. In the first stage, under low pressure (e.g., 0.3 MPa), the membrane with a d value of ca. 7.60 Å was suitable for removing the dye from the saline wastewater. The dye and salt (i.e., Na2SO4) rejection rates of >99% and <6.5% were achieved, respectively, indicating the significant potential to recycle the dyes from the highly saline dye wastewater. In the second stage, under a higher pressure (e.g., 0.8 MPa), the d value was reduced to ca. 7.15 Å, bestowing the membrane with a desalination function. The desalination rate of a single filtration process could reach up to 51.8% from 1.0 g/L saline (i.e., Na2SO4) water. The as-prepared membrane also exhibited excellent practical advantages, including ultrahigh permeability, significant antifouling (against dye) performance, and excellent stability. Furthermore, with the stacking of multistage filtration systems, the proposed membrane technology will be capable of regenerating dye and producing clean water.