Two-sided Problem Research Articles

P073 Invasive lobular breast cancer: a one- or two-sided problem (preliminary results)

P073 Invasive lobular breast cancer: a one- or two-sided problem (preliminary results)

Towards retrieving functionalities from intentions and services in modular automation

The automation of plants in the process industry, especially of modular process plants, is shifting towards a more decentralized and service-based paradigm. Required and offered services need to be described in such a way that they can be either easily described by plant operators and module vendors. This two-sided problem requires a semantic description of needed functionalities from intentions and abstraction of existing services onto offered functionalities. In this contribution, the authors present two algorithms for the modeling and derivation of functionalities from intentions and services in modular automation. The algorithms are based on the idea of functional reasoning which support the explanation and derivation of functions in a system. By using various ontologies, the approach builds upon semantic descriptions and exploits query- and rule-based languages to support the retrieval of functionalities.

The two-sided Pompeiu problem for discrete groups

We consider a two-sided Pompeiu type problem for a discrete group G G . We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite subset K K of G G to have the F ( G ) \mathcal {F}(G) -Pompeiu property. Using group von Neumann algebra techniques, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for G G to be an ℓ 2 ( G ) \ell ^2(G) -Pompeiu group.

Two-sided problem for the random walk with bounded maximal increment

Abstract We consider a random walk with zero drift and finite positive variance σ 2. For positive numbers y, z we find the limit as n → ∞ $n\rightarrow\infty$ of the probability that the first exit of the walk from interval - z σ n , y σ n $\left(-z\sigma\sqrt{n}, y\sigma\sqrt{n}\right)$ occurs through its left end, while the maximum increment of the walk until the exit is smaller than x σ n $x\sigma\sqrt{n}$ , where x is a positive number. The limit theorem is established for the moment of the first exit of the walk from the indicated interval under the condition that this exit occurs through its left end and the value of the maximum walk increment is bounded.

Towards Better Computational Tools for Effective Environmental Policy Planning

Effective environmental policies have to be based on robust information taking into consideration the existing trends. The objective of this paper is to facilitate data-driven decisions. Specifically we aim at policies that are built on officially reported emissions data making use of intuitive tools and interfaces to guide European air quality strategies with completeness and consistency. Transboundary (or cross-border) air pollution is a two-sided problem involving a polluter and a pollutee. The visualizations we have created allow a user to conceive the transboundary air pollution scheme from either the polluters’ or pollutees’ perspective. Based on the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) source-receptor matrices from 2003 to 2014, we develop comprehensive pollution monitoring systems. Our systems are created in visualization software in order to bring out the status, attributes and dynamics of transboundary air pollution. Our monitoring applications consist of different visualization modules. All of these modules carry their own information, which can be used separately or together to serve specific visualization tasks: either the polluters’ responsibility or the pollutees’ vulnerability. Several interactive interventions are integrated into each module to achieve particular visualization goals. Controls are added for the number of polluters, year of study, pollution level and geographical region within the extended EMEP area.

Development of practical methods for increasing electromagnetic compatibility in atmospheric radio sounding systems

During the operation of atmospheric radio sounding systems, there appears a two-sided problem of electromagnetic compatibility with other radio-electronic systems for various purposes, ground, air and space based. Out-of-band emissions from upper-air radiosonde transmitters interfere with global satellite navigation systems and cellular systems. The paper presents the analysis of methods for reducing out-of-band emissions of aerological radiosondes and proposes the use of technology of spread spectrum communication systems in aerological complexes.

Two-sided problem for the random walk with bounded maximal increment

Рассматривается случайное блуждание с нулевым сносом и конечной положительной дисперсией $\sigma ^{2}$. Для положительных чисел $y,z$ находится предел при $n\rightarrow \infty $ вероятности того, что первый выход рассматриваемого блуждания из интервала $( -z\sigma \sqrt{n},y\sigma \sqrt{n}) $ происходит через левую границу, при этом максимальное приращение блуждания до момента этого выхода будет меньше $x\sigma \sqrt{n}$, где $x $ - положительное число. Установлена предельная теорема для момента первого выхода блуждания из указанного интервала при условии, что этот выход произойдет через левую границу и выполнено ограничение на величину максимального приращения блуждания.

Think Piece: Action Competence through Ethno-Geography

Climate change is due to the accelerated greenhouse effect caused by modern Western ways of living, in which factors like the burning of fossil fuels for energy and the high consumption of beef are perceived to be an essential part of living, but which emit increasing levels of greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide [CO2] and methane) into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases prevent long-wave radiation from escaping the Earth’s atmosphere, thus causing a rise in the global temperature. People living in different places around the world may or may not experience the various consequences of this temperature rise in their daily lives. Depending on where one lives, these consequences might range from extended droughts to an increased number and intensity of storms, precipitation and flooding. This two-sided problem, people’s modern way of living influencing the global climate and their living conditions in turn being highly influenced by climate changes, is exemplary for the subject of Geography, which is about humans’ interaction with nature (Physical Geography).

Quadratic convergence of monotone iterates for semilinear elliptic obstacle problems

In this paper, we consider the numerical solution for the discretization of semilinear elliptic complementarity problems. A monotone algorithm is established based on the upper and lower solutions of the problem. It is proved that iterates, generated by the algorithm, are a pair of upper and lower solution iterates and converge monotonically from above and below, respectively, to the solution of the problem. Moreover, we investigate the convergence rate for the monotone algorithm and prove quadratic convergence of the algorithm. The monotone and quadratic convergence results are also extended to the discrete problems of the two-sided obstacle problems with a semilinear elliptic operator. We also present some simple numerical experiments.

Cultural Aspects of the US and Japan Trading System : A Two-Sided Problem

Cultural Aspects of the US and Japan Trading System : A Two-Sided Problem

Revisiting the two-side optimization problem in satellite pursuit-evasion

In the present paper two-side optimization problem where the intercepting satellite pursuits the target satellite was studied. In the pursuit-evasion game the continuous thruster and the simple central gravity with J2 perturbation were involved for two satellites. With applying the functional extremum condition, the optimal control outputs of both side satellites were obtained by building the systems Hamilton function. Further, the two side optimal problem was transformed to the TPBVP, which contributed the solution with the mixed numerical method. Finally, the proposed method was validated by the numerical simulation, where the optimal interception and escaping trajectories were illustrated.

Persistence of superconductivity in thin shells beyond Hc1

In Ginzburg–Landau theory, a strong magnetic field is responsible for the breakdown of superconductivity. This work is concerned with the identification of the region where superconductivity persists, in a thin shell superconductor modeled by a compact surface [Formula: see text], as the intensity [Formula: see text] of the external magnetic field is raised above [Formula: see text]. Using a mean field reduction approach devised by Sandier and Serfaty as the Ginzburg–Landau parameter [Formula: see text] goes to infinity, we are led to studying a two-sided obstacle problem. We show that superconductivity survives in a neighborhood of size [Formula: see text] of the zero locus of the normal component [Formula: see text] of the field. We also describe intermediate regimes, focusing first on a symmetric model problem. In the general case, we prove that a striking phenomenon we call freezing of the boundary takes place: one component of the superconductivity region is insensitive to small changes in the field.

Dynamics of Two-Sided Markets

AbstractThis paper considers a dynamical system, which models a two-sided market. I evaluate the volume of users from each side of the market as a function of time. I formulate and prove theorems describing the long-term behavior and tendency of the market. Even though I consider generic attachment functions, I obtain a concrete result, formulated in terms of properties of attachment functions. This result is followed by examples (defined by the most popular in economics attachment functions), which illustrate behavior of the two-sided markets. I also simulate some two-sided market scenarios, showing how adjustments of attachment functions can influence the users’ dynamics. The dynamical system’s approach to the study of two-sided market problem allows natural generalization to multi-sided market, where one can utilize the same technique and obtain similar results in higher dimensions.

Branes and Supergroups

Extending previous work that involved D3-branes ending on a fivebrane with $\theta_{\mathrm{YM}}\not=0$, we consider a similar two-sided problem. This construction, in case the fivebrane is of NS type, is associated to the three-dimensional Chern-Simons theory of a supergroup U$(m|n)$ or OSp$(m|2n)$ rather than an ordinary Lie group as in the one-sided case. By $S$-duality, we deduce a dual magnetic description of the supergroup Chern-Simons theory; a slightly different duality, in the orthosymplectic case, leads to a strong-weak coupling duality between certain supergroup Chern-Simons theories on $\mathbb{R}^3$; and a further $T$-duality leads to a version of Khovanov homology for supergroups. Some cases of these statements are known in the literature. We analyze how these dualities act on line and surface operators.

Number of Jumps in Two-Sided First-Exit Problems for a Compound Poisson Process

In this paper, we study the joint Laplace transform and probability generating functions of two pairs of random variables: (1) the two-sided first-exit time and the number of claims by this time; (2) the two-sided smooth exit-recovery time and its associated number of claims. The joint transforms are expressed in terms of the so-called doubly-killed scale function that is defined in this paper. We also find explicit expressions for the joint density function of the two-sided first-exit time and the number of claims by this time. Numerical examples are presented for exponential claims.

Averaging problems of running processes associated with Brownian motion and applications

Recently the new technique to solve optimal stopping problems for Hunt processes is developed (see [S. Christensen, P. Salminen and B. Q. Ta, Optimal stopping of strong Markov processes, Stochastic Process. Appl. 123(3) (2013) 1138–1159]). The crucial feature of the approach is to utilize the representation of the r-excessive functions as expected suprema. However, it seems to be difficult when applying directly the approach to some concrete cases, e.g. one-sided problem for reflecting Brownian motion and two-sided problem for Brownian motion. In this paper, we review and exploit this approach to find explicit solutions of two problems above.

Dynamic Platform Pricing on Innovative Products

Many two-sided platforms offer innovative hardware products that improve in quality and enter the market sequentially. This paper studies the impact of the decrease in the production cost on a monopoly platform owner's dynamic two-sided pricing problem, in which buyers are strategic and network effects are present. Our findings show that the decreasing cost raises the optimal price of the low-quality product (introduced first) and allocates more buyer-side demand to the future market. Moreover, a decrease in cost leads to a higher optimal price even for the higher-quality product (introduced later), given a sufficiently significant quality improvement. This suggests that the decreasing cost may enable the platform to position its product line to the high-end market. Compared to the base case absent the seller side and network effects, the two-sided case shows that the network effect intensifies the impact of the cost decrease on the price of the low-quality product and makes the forward buyer-side demand shift to the future market more pronounced. Furthermore, the network effect propagates intertemporally, which may reverse the impact of the cost decrease on the optimal price of the high-quality product in the base case, when the quality improvement is less significant. Our work provides a dynamic perspective to the two-sided pricing problem by considering key factors such as network effects, buyers' strategic behavior, production cost, and quality improvements.

Exit Problems for Jump Processes Having Double-Sided Jumps with Rational Laplace Transforms

We consider the two-sided first-exit problem for a jump process having jumps with rational Laplace transform. We derive the joint distribution of the first passage time to two-sided barriers and the value of process at the first passage time. As applications, we present explicit expressions of the dividend formulae for barrier strategy and threshold strategy.

Semiparametric Testing of Statistical Functionals Revisited

Abstract Along the lines of Janssen's and Pfanzagl's work the testing theory for statistical functionals is further developed for non-parametric one-sample problems. Efficient tests for the one-sided and two-sided problems are derived for nonparametric statistical functionals. The asymptotic power function is calculated under implicit alternatives and hypotheses, which are given by the functional itself, for the one-sided and two-sided cases. Under mild regularity assumptions is shown that these tests are asymptotic most powerful. The combination of the modern theory of Le Cam and approximation in limit experiments provide a deep insight into the upper bounds for asymptotic power functions tests for the one-sided and two-sided problems of hypothesis testing. As example tests concerning the von Mises functional are treated in nonparametric context.

Two-sided boundary problem for Kou's process

In this paper the distributions of two-sided boundary functionals for double exponential jump diffusion processes are treated.