Two-sided Effects Research Articles

The dominating role of austenite stability and martensite transformation mechanism on the toughness and ductile-to-brittle-transition temperature of a quenched and partitioned steel

The effect of austenite stability and martensite transformation (MT) mechanism on the tensile and impact properties has been investigated for Fe-0.3C-2.7Mn-1.7Si (wt.%) quenched and partitioned (Q&P) steel. The stability of metastable retained austenite (γM) in the Q&P steel samples, which were subjected to different quenching temperatures (20, 120, and 240 °C), was quantitatively evaluated according to the Msσ temperature. Results suggest that the stability of γM was mainly related to the carbon content, grain size/morphology, and stress shielding effects provided by the surrounding martensite. In addition, in contrast to the consistently positive transformation-induced plasticity effect (TRIP) of γM on the tensile properties, MT had a two-side effect on the dynamic impact properties, depending on the MT mechanism and the related Msσ temperature. At high temperatures, the strain-induced MT in the QP120 and QP240 samples relieved the local stress concentration and impeded the crack initiation and propagation by the TRIP effect, whereas the stress-assisted MT at low temperatures resulted in a low crack initiation, propagation energy, and intergranular fracture mode, thereby resulting in a lower impact toughness of the QP240 sample than that of the almost austenite-free QP20 sample. Furthermore, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the Q&P samples showed an almost linear relationship with their Msσ temperature. Finally, an excellent combination of large product of strength and elongation, low DBTT, and high toughness was obtained in the QP120 sample, which was mainly attributed to the good stability of the film γM during the tensile or impact tests.

Agent-based modeling and simulation of edible fungi growers' adoption behavior towards fungal chaff recycling technology

CONTEXTEdible fungus is considered a green, recyclable, and highly-efficient industry, which prolongs energy flow and improves the effectiveness of resource utilization. However, the disposal of post-harvest waste is a thorny problem. OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics and regular technology diffusion patterns of fungal chaff recycling technology, this study modeled and simulated edible fungi growers' adoption behavior towards recycling technology based on the combination of Logit regression and Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). METHODSThe main factors affecting the technology adoption behavior of edible fungi growers were identified, and an agent-based model was constructed to simulate farmers' adoption behavior. Then, a farmer investigation was conducted in Beijing to determine the parameters in the simulation model. Finally, four scenarios were designed and the corresponding simulation experiments were performed to simulate growers' adoption behavior for recycling technologies in different situations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe results revealed that the main influencing factors were the production scale, farmers' perceived ease of use and perceived risk, others' recommendations, and social network communication. At the current adoption rate, technology diffusion presented an overall attenuation trend under the effect of individual learning and social norms. The final adoption rate of recycling technology increased along with the increment of initial adopters, yet the elastic efficiency was reduced if the increase was too excessive. The optimal increase in the number of initial adopters of the fungal chaff recycling technology was 10%, and the corresponding distribution mode for new initial adopters should be randomly distributed. Social networks had two-sided effects on technology promotion and should be expanded within a certain extent. SIGNIFICANCEThese research findings provide useful suggestions and measures to improve the promotion performance of recycling technology.

Two-sided effects of prolonged hypoxia and sulfide exposure on juvenile ark shells (Anadara broughtonii)

Oxygen deficit and sulfide have been restrictive factors in mariculture zones. However, the adaptive mechanism in aquatic lives is still unclear. The commercial ark shells Anadara broughtonii were selected to test the tolerance and adaptive responses to prolonged and intermittent hypoxia with or without exogenous sulfide (mild, moderate, high) by evaluating their behavior, mortality, oxidative level, antioxidant responses, and the MAPK-mediated apoptosis in gills. The results indicated that the clams were tolerant to hypoxia and sulfide exposure but vulnerable during reoxygenation from the challenges. Even so, sulfide had remarkable effect on attenuating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides caused by reoxygenation from prolonged hypoxia. The increase of glutathione level was probably as an early and primary protective response to prevent the expected reperfusion injury from reoxygenation. The challenges suppressed the oxidative level with a dose-dependent effect of sulfide, with an exception when exposed to mild sulfide. Synchronously, biphasic effects of exogenous sulfide on apoptotic cascade, which was induced by mild sulfide while it was inhibited by higher sulfide, were also detected in gills. The induced or inhibited apoptosis by hypoxia and sulfide kept to a typical ROS-MAPK-CASPASE cascade, desiderating further investigation.

HIV Disclosure and Quality of Life in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta

Background: Victory Plus Foundation is a Non-Government Organization that helps the population directly affected by HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta. Status disclosure’s research on People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Victory Plus Foundation is scarce. Even though the status disclosure is one of HIV spreading prevention, it has two-sided effects, both negative and positive, so its result can affect the quality of life despite PLWHA having tried to find a support system. Therefore, it is essential to know how the quality of life of PLWHA has opened up their status.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between HIV status disclosure and the quality of life of PLWHA in the Victory Plus Foundation, Yogyakarta.Method: This descriptive-analytic correlation study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in June-July 2019 on 68 PLWHA at the Victory Plus Foundation. Purposively, samples were asked to fill out a disclosure questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF. Univariate data presented in descriptions and Chi-Square tested bivariate data.Result: Most of the HIV status disclosure of PLWHA in the Victory Plus foundation was classified into a moderate category (77.9%) and low quality of life (64 %). The bivariate test result found a significant relationship between the HIV status disclosures with the quality of life in general (p = 0.001) with a moderate relationship closeness (r=0.403).Conclusion: Consequently, there is a relationship between the HIV status disclosures with the quality of life of PLWHA in the Victory Plus Foundation in Yogyakarta.

Two-sided Effect of Empowering Leadership on Follower’s Job Stress

In this study, we aimed to investigate the two-sided effect of empowering leadership on follower’s job stress by focusing on the potential for positive and negative effects of empowering leadership. Based on the empowerment theory and the role theory of accountability, we examined the mediating effects of self-efficacy and felt accountability and the moderated mediation effects of perceived organizational support(POS) in the relationship between empowering leadership and job stress. A total of 427 Korean employees participated in this study through an online survey. The results show that empowering leadership has indirect effects on job stress mediated by self-efficacy and felt accountability. Specifically, empowering leadership reduced job stress via increased self-efficacy, while increased job stress via increased felt accountability. Evidence was also found of the moderating role of POS: the positive relation between felt accountability and job stress was stronger for those with a low level of POS than those with a high POS. However, the moderating effect of POS was not found in the relationship between self-efficacy and job stress. In addition, the mediating effect of felt accountability was moderated by POS in the relationship between empowering leadership and follower’s job stress. Based on the results, we discuss several implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research.

The Two-Sided Effect of Leader Unethical Pro-organizational Behaviors on Subordinates' Behaviors: A Mediated Moderation Model.

Research suggests that unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) has two conflicting characteristics: unethical and pro-organizational. However, little attention has been paid to the negative and positive outcomes of UPB. Therefore, the present study aimed to fill this gap by examining a mediated moderation model on the effects of leader UPB on their subordinates’ behaviors. Based on social information processing theory and three-wave survey data from 204 supervisor-subordinate dyads in China, we found that the mixed relationships between leader UPB and subordinates’ behaviors were dependent on the leader’s Machiavellianism. Specifically, for high Machiavellian leaders, their UPB was positively related to subordinates’ unethical behaviors via subordinates’ moral disengagement. For low Machiavellian leaders, their UPB was positively related to subordinates’ organizational citizenship behaviors via their organizational identification. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

To WeChat or to more chat during learning? The relationship between WeChat and learning from the perspective of university students

WeChat has become an indispensable part of university students’ life in China. However, there was little research into the relationship between WeChat and learning. This study investigates university students’ attitudes towards the impact of WeChat on learning, the determinants of WeChat learning engagement, and how WeChat usage influences students’ academic performance. A total of 719 valid questionnaires were sent and collected from university students. The results indicate: 1) WeChat is perceived as a “double-edged sword” of learning with two-sided effects. 2) Students’ engagement with WeChat on learning is at the upper-medium level, over which the motivation of WeChat usage, other than usage duration and login time, is found to have strong explanatory power. 3) The frequency of WeChat usage affects students’ academic performance in a complicated way with self-control playing a moderating role. The findings have significant value for future research about WeChat usage among university students.

Appraising Minimum Effect of Standardized Contrasts in ANCOVA Designs: Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Covariate Imbalance Considerations

The concepts and implementation of standardized mean differences and minimum effect tests have been emphasized in ANOVA. The corresponding processes and implications are, however, not yet well explicated in the context of ANCOVA. To enhance the usefulness of ANCOVA, this article describes the minimum effect tests of standardized contrast as a valuable alternative to the hypothesis testing of no effect difference and the conventional evaluation of unstandardized effects in ANCOVA. Power and sample size procedures are developed to accommodate covariate randomness and imbalance for randomized and nonrandomized designs. The data from a clinical study of comparing two treatments for gingivitis are used to illustrate the application of the suggested approaches. The emphases of numerical appraisal are on the merit of minimum effect detection in comparative analysis and the influence of covariate feature in power and sample size computation. The proposed power and sample size calculations improve upon approximate formulas by fully accounting for the stochastic property and intrinsic disparity of the covariate variables. Computer algorithms are available for calculating the p-value, power level, and sample size of one- and two-sided minimum effect tests.

Effect of cold rolling on the corrosion behavior of Ta-4W alloy in sulphuric acid

The effect of cold rolling on the corrosion behavior of Ta-4%W in sulphuric acid was investigated. The results demonstrated that cold rolling deformation has a two-side effect on the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Low to intermediate strained rolling deformation (10 %–50 % reductions in thickness) is detrimental to the corrosion resistance due to the increased dislocations during the rolling process; while high strained rolling deformation (70 % and 90 % reductions in thickness) enhances the corrosion resistance caused by the formation of textures (preferential crystallographic orientations). The 90 % cold rolled sample shows a greatly enhanced corrosion resistance even better than the initial annealed sample.

Bullshit in a network structure: the two-sided influence of self-generated signals.

In today’s social network age, information flowing in networks does not derive solely from external sources; people in the network also independently generate signals. These self-generated signals may not be deliberate lies, but they may not bear any relationship with the truth, either. Following the philosopher Harry G. Frankfurt, we refer to such self-generated signals as bullshit. We present an information diffusion model that allows nodes which hold no value to spread information, capturing the diffusion of bullshit information. The presence of self-generated signals (i.e., bullshit) increases the amount of information available for transmission in the network. However, participants in the spread process respond to the existence of such self-generated information by receiving data from internal sources with caution. These two contradictory forces—the increase in information transmission on the one hand, and in suspicion on the other—result in a two-sided effect of bullshit on the total spread time. We first take a numerical approach, simulating our model on Watts–Strogatz networks and building a decision tree to characterize the effects of bullshit given different network structures. We find that increasing the rate of self-generated information may have either a monotonic or non-monotonic effect on the rumor spread time, depending on the network structure and rate of non-self-generated internal communications. Then, taking an analytical approach, we analyze the spread behavior for cliques, and identify the conditions for monotonic behavior in a 2-clique network.

Optimal product selection and pricing strategies for platform vendors under two-sided network effects

Abstract This study investigates a platform’s decision on product-mix selection as well as its pricing strategy. We found that when a platform and third-party sellers offer different product mixes under a membership fee mechanism, the platform vendor should sell a low-end product mix in the following cases: (1) when the average profit ratio of a high-end to a low-end product mix is small and the network effect from sellers to consumers is weak, or (2) when the average profit ratio is large, the network effect from consumers to sellers is strong, and that from sellers to consumers is moderate. When third-party sellers are allowed to provide products in the same product mix as the platform’s and first-party products have a large competitive advantage, equilibrium outcomes, in which the platform and third-party sellers offer the same product mix, are more likely to occur. Furthermore, a commission fee mechanism outperforms a membership fee mechanism if the network effect from sellers to consumers is moderate. Finally, if a platform adopts a commission fee mechanism, third-party sellers are more incentivized to sell a product mix that differs from the platform’s.

Impacts of Urbanization on the Environment of Ho Chi Minh City

Urbanization has created a premise for industrialization and this process has accelerated urbanization at a faster pace. The fact that the reverse of industrialization along with the urbanization’s downside creates challenges that is not easily overcome. Urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City seems to be faster than the industrialization process and has two-sided effects on socio-economic development. And what makes many people worried is its impact on the environment, the air quality, the water that used to be very fresh. The article focuses on the development of the city and some of its implications, from which to give a few suitable suggestions.

Experimental Investigation on the Two-Sided Effect of Acidic HZSM-5 on the Catalytic Performance of Composite Fe-Based Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts and HZSM-5 Zeolite in the Production of Aromatics from CO2/H2

A negative effect of an HZSM-5 zeolite was observed for CO2 hydrogenation toward the production of aromatics when combined with Fe-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts in an improper manner. The conversions of CO2 and CO were seriously hindered due to suppression in the formation of Fe carbides. With various especially designed experiments, it is confirmed that the Brønsted acid sites in the zeolite serving as an electron acceptor should be the major factor influencing the electron transfer from the Fe phase to CO molecules, resulting in the suppression of CO dissociation. Additionally, we suggested a practical way to eliminate the negative effect of the acidic HZSM-5 zeolite by coating an inert layer on either the Fe-based catalyst or the zeolite. With these observations, it is beneficial to design a multifunctional catalyst system that can be scaled up by paying more attention toward the two-sided effect of zeolites.

Research of morphology evolution of precipitation during aging and the effects of precipitation on creep property of 617B superalloy

617B alloy is one of the alternative materials for ultra-supercritical power generating units, its microstructure will change during service under extremely harsh conditions. The research of precipitation behavior of 617B superalloy and other similar nickel-based superalloy during aging is summarized. It is concluded that the main phases of 617B superalloy during aging include γ’ phase, μ phase and M23C6 carbide. The precipitation behavior of the three phases is affected by aging temperature and aging time. The microstructure of materials has a direct influence on the properties of materials. Therefore, in the aging process of 617B superalloy, the creep property of the alloy will be affected by these phases. This paper summarizes the effect of these phases on the creep behavior of 617B superalloy. It is found that γ’ phase has a positive effect on the creep behavior of 617B superalloy, while μ phase has a negative effect. M23C6 has two-sided effects depending on its size.

The Two-sided Effect of Elections on Coup Attempts

In this article, we investigate the relationship between elections and coup attempts. We argue that elections have opposing effects on the risk of coup attempts, depending on the state of the economy in which they are held. Elections occurring in conditions of economic crisis spur anti-government mobilization and high levels of state repression. This increases the subsequent risk of coup attempts. Conversely, elections held during economic expansion induce pro-government mobilization and waning repression, which reduces the subsequent risk of coups. We find strong support for these propositions in a statistical analysis of 130 countries that conducted contested elections in the period 1952 to 2013. The results are robust to an array of model specifications, including when we account for election outcome, postelection economic performance, and the possibility that both elections and economic performance are endogenous to coup attempts.

Coverage Probability Analysis Under Clustered Ambient Backscatter Nodes

In this letter, we consider a new large-scale communication scheme where randomly distributed backscatter nodes are involved as secondary users to primary transmitter and primary receiver pairs. The secondary communication between a backscatter transmitter and a backscatter receiver introduces additional double fading channels and has a two-side effect to the primary communications. We derive the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and signal-to-interference ratio based coverage probabilities for two network configuration scenarios.

The influence of team social media usage on individual knowledge sharing and job performance from a cross-level perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how team social media usage (SMU) affects two types of knowledge sharing (KS), namely, in-role and extra-role KS, and then individual job performance. The study also examines the mediating effects of two types of KS and the main and moderating effects of team performance norms on individual job performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies the theory of communication visibility to develop a cross-level model and then validate it through a three-wave survey from 600 individuals in 120 teams. Hierarchical linear model is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results suggest that team SMU improves team members’ in-role and extra-role KS, and thus enhances their individual job performance. The in-role and extra-role KS have partial mediating effects between team SMU and job performance. The results also show that team performance norms have a positive main effect on individual job performance, but negatively moderate the relationship between individual extra-role KS and job performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the operations management literature by examining the effects of team SMU from a multilevel perspective.Practical implicationsThe findings provide managers with ways to improve individual KS and job performance.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to investigate the effects of team SMU on individual KS and job performance. It also identifies the two-sided effects of team performance norms.

The effect of temperature and amount of water in co-injection of diesel-water on exergy and irreversibility rate of VGT diesel engine

The water introduction to combustion chamber can leave two-sided effect on diesel engine performance, thus its role on combustion must be delineated. Accordingly, three levels of water amount in 14.21, 21.31, and 28.41 mg/cycle are adopted to be injected from an upper angled nozzle hole, while fixed diesel amount of 31.3 mg/cycle is injected at 3 °CA BTDC from lower angled nozzle. The water temperature is also taken into account in two levels of 27 °C and 60 °C. By high water injection (HWI) at 60 °C, the rate of pressure rise increases by 17.1% compared to the base case (no water injection) due to steam pressure in the cylinder. The results indicate that WI scheme is effective for fuel consumption, NOx, and soot reduction. In terms of exergy balance by input fuel exergy, it is concluded that the more heat loss exergy is transferring to work exergy in low and medium water injection, while the fuel burn exergy increases drastically. Altogether, the case of diesel injection with high water amount at 27 °C water temperature, i.e. “diesel-HWI-27 °C” is recommended from exergetic viewpoint since it represents the highest total exergy (838.31 J) and the lowest irreversibility (132.98 J).

Parameter Sweep Experiments on a Spectrum of Cyclones with Diabatic and Baroclinic Processes

Abstract A wide range of environments that prevail over the globe generate various types of cyclones such as tropical, extratropical, and hybrid cyclones. In this paper, idealized numerical experiments are used to explore a spectrum of cyclones ranging from the diabatic type to the baroclinic type in a parameter space consisting of three environmental factors: temperature, vertical shear, and planetary vorticity. The experiments reproduce not only typical dynamics of tropical and extratropical cyclones but also their modified dynamics, which are consistent with theoretical studies; tropical cyclones are suppressed by vertical shear, while extratropical cyclones are intensified by condensational heating. The experiments also reproduce hybrid cyclones in environments with high temperature and large baroclinicity. The hybrid cyclones show multiscale dynamics in which synoptic-scale baroclinic systems spawn smaller-scale tropical cyclone–like convective cores. The spectrum of cyclones is found to be nonmonotonic in the parameter space because of a two-sided effect of the vertical shear: moderate shear weakens a tropical cyclone by tilting the small-scale vortex to the downshear, while strong shear develops a large-scale vortex of an extratropical cyclone or a hybrid cyclone through warm-air advection from the south. The indices based on the energetics and the symmetric and asymmetric structures overview the different types of cyclones in the parameter space. These parameter sweep experiments provide useful information on what environment is favorable for cyclones, particularly for intermediate environments where cyclone mechanisms are yet to be fully defined.

External Earning Pressure，Diversified Equity Investment and Firm Financialization

In recent years, financialization appears in Chinese firms to inspire financial investment to exclude real ones, which also exists in the United States and other nations. As the microcosmic basis of financialization, the phenomenon of firm financialization whether exists and its causes have attracted wide attention of scholars. Previous research in firm financialization focuses on macroeconomic factors like monetary policies; therefore, it attributes financialization to general investment decisions in firms which are affected by macroeconomic background. However, research in internal factors especially in corporate governance has been ignored to some extent. Because of the complex background of financialization, the impact of internal governance factors on firm financialization is also in urgent need of effective analyses, and then effective supervision and policy guidance are generated to avoid potential risks of the real economy. This paper firstly uses a modified empirical model in measuring idiosyncratic effects on firm financialization from corporate governance. In this model, inefficient investment is settled as the object instead of total investment in order to measure idiosyncratic motivations in financialization, and then we use the PSM method to balance the effects from irrational factors in firms’ investment decisions. On this basis, we carry out an empirical analysis in using semi-annual data of listed companies in China from 2007 to 2016. We firstly measure excluding effects in real investment from financialization under the background of corporate governance, which carries out both at the parent firm level and conglomerate level to obtain comprehensive results. Then we measure the impact from external earning pressure and diversified equity investment on excluding effects to analyze impressions from internal shareholders and external ones. It comes to the following conclusions: First, On the basis of excluding irrational investment decision-making, firm financialization represented by financial investment returns and holding equity of financial institutions has produced significant excluding effects of real investment. Second, external earning pressure strengthens excluding effects to some extent. Third, the impact of diversified equity investment on financialization shows two-sided effects: one is to strengthen excluding effects at the parent firm level, while the other is to reduce the effects at the conglomerate level. The conclusions of this paper indicate that the shareholder value orientation in Chinese firms essentially strengthens excluding effects from financialization both in internal and external paths. On the one hand, financialization effects are relieved while the equity investment of parent firms weakens total shareholder values; on the other hand, outside shareholder values strengthen financialization effects by earning pressure from external capital markets. In short, this paper expands the existing research from the following two aspects. First, it provides new paths in analyzing how the shareholder value orientation influence financialization effects, which strengthens the financialization theory. Second, this paper also constructs an empirical model for measuring the impact of corporate heterogeneity on financialization, which provides a certain basis for the follow-up study of firm financialization in the micro-field.