Two-rowed Barley Research Articles

Genome-Wide Association Study of Spot Form of Net Blotch Resistance in the Upper Midwest Barley Breeding Programs.

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, the causal agent of spot form of net blotch (SFNB), is an emerging pathogen of barley in the United States and Australia. Compared with net form of net blotch (NFNB), less is known in the U.S. Upper Midwest barley breeding programs about host resistance and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with SFNB in breeding lines. The main objective of this study was to identify QTL associated with SFNB resistance in the Upper Midwest two-rowed and six-rowed barley breeding programs using a genome-wide association study approach. A total of 376 breeding lines of barley were evaluated for SFNB resistance at the seedling stage in the greenhouse in Fargo in 2009. The lines were genotyped with 3,072 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Phenotypic evaluation showed a wide range of variability among populations from the four breeding programs and the two barley-row types. The two-rowed barley lines were more susceptible to SFNB than the six-rowed lines. Continuous distributions of SFNB severity indicate the quantitative nature of SFNB resistance. The mixed linear model (MLM) analysis, which included both population structure and kinship matrices, was used to identify significant SNP-SFNB associations. Principal component analysis was used to control false marker-trait association. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimates varied among chromosomes (10 to 20 cM). The MLM analysis identified 10 potential QTL in barley: SFNB-2H-8-10, SFNB-2H-38.03, SFNB-3H-58.64, SFNB-3H-78.53, SFNB-3H-91.88, SFNB-3H-117.1, SFNB-5H-155.3, SFNB-6H-5.4, SFNB-6H-33.74, and SFNB-7H-34.82. Among them, four QTL (SFNB-2H-8-10, SFNB-2H-38.03 SFNB-3H-78.53, and SFNB-3H-117.1) have not previously been published. Identification of SFNB resistant lines and QTL associated with SFNB resistance in this study will be useful in the development of barley genotypes with better SFNB resistance.

Smothering effect of different crops on weed Malva neglecta Wallr.

Field study was conducted at experimental farm of Punjab Agricultural University ,Ludhiana (India) during rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with fourteen treatments having combination of seven different crops viz. bread wheat, durum wheat, six - rowed barley, two-rowed barley, raya, gobhi sarson, linseed and two weed control treatments i.e. hand weeded and unweeded. The study was planned with an objective to find out the most suitable Rabi crop that can suppress the weeds to maximum extent with minimum reduction in yield as there was no herbicide available which can control the weeds in an effective manner. Minimum weed dry matter accumulation was observed in raya (0.97qha-1 in the weeded plot) whereas maximum dry matter accumulation was observed in bread wheat (8.3qha-1), followed by durum wheat (6.1qha-1), linseed(5.0qha-1), barley (6-row) (4.9qha-1), barley (2-row) (2.6qha-1) and gobhi sarson (2.4qha-1). Raya (Brassica juncea) showed maximum suppressing poten-tial as minimum per cent reduction in crop yield of unweeded over weeded (7.4%) and minimum per cent increase in weed dry matter of unweeded over weeded( 44%) was observed in this crop. Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus) was the next best smothering crop followed by barley (2-row), barley (6-row), linseed, durum wheat and bread wheat, respectively in suppressing the M. neglecta. Two hand weedings treatment proved better in controlling the weeds as compared to unweeded treatment.

WAX INDUCER1 (HvWIN1) transcription factor regulates free fatty acid biosynthetic genes to reinforce cuticle to resist Fusarium head blight in barley spikelets.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley. Resistance to FHB is highly complex and quantitative in nature, and is most often classified as resistance to spikelet infection and resistance to spread of pathogen through the rachis. In the present study, a resistant (CI9831) and a susceptible (H106-371) two-row barley genotypes, with contrasting levels of spikelet resistance to FHB, pathogen or mock-inoculated, were profiled for metabolites based on liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. The key resistance-related (RR) metabolites belonging to fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways were identified. The free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and palmitic acids were among the highest fold change RR induced (RRI) metabolites. These FFAs are deposited as cutin monomers and oligomers to reinforce the cuticle, which acts as a barrier to pathogen entry. Quantitative real-time PCR studies revealed higher expressions of KAS2, CYP86A2, CYP89A2, LACS2 and WAX INDUCER1 (HvWIN1) transcription factor in the pathogen-inoculated resistant genotype than in the susceptible genotype. Knockdown of HvWIN1 by virus-induced genes silencing (VIGS) in resistant genotype upon pathogen inoculation increased the disease severity and fungal biomass, and decreased the abundance of FFAs like linoleic and palmitic acids. Notably, the expression of CYP86A2, CYP89A2 and LAC2 genes was also suppressed, proving the link of HvWIN1 in regulating these genes in cuticle biosynthesis as a defense response.

Homeostasis and Genotypic Resultant for the Main Spike Characters of Two-rowed Barely

Five genotypes of two-rowed barley (Hordeum distichum L.) named MORA, ABN-B, Arabi Aswad, Clipper and Bohoth H1 with their twenty F 1 progeny were evaluated inKurdistan Region-Iraq at three different locations, Erbil-Grdarasha, Garmian-Kalar andSulaimani-Qilyasan during the winter season 2011-2012 using Randomized CompletelyBlock Design (RCBD) with three replications in order to study the homeostasis andgenotypic resultant growth and spike characters. The results revealed highly significanteffects due to genotypes × locations in most of the studied characters with exception offlag leaf length, spike length, and grin weight / spike. Parent 1 was the best genotypewhich had the highest homeostasis values for five characters no. of grain / spike (0.936),flag leaf length (0.915), peduncle diameter (0.962), spike length (0.933) and no. ofspiklets / spike (0.975), while the hybrid (1×2) had the highest homeostasis values forthree characters flag leaf length (0.985), spike length (0.988), and no. of spiklets / spike(0.990). So the homeostasis of these genotypes needs to be better evaluated in a set ofenvironments tested across different years. Very high genotypic resultant values wereobtained for no. of grain / spike (1.135 by the hybrid 2×5), flag leaf length (1.074 by thehybrid 5×4), spike length and no. of spikelets / spike (1.061 and 1.059, respectively bythe hybrid 2×5) indicating these genotypes having high performances at differentenvironments and should be not ignored in future studies.

Plant macrofossils from the site of Tell Arbid, Northeast Syria (3rd–2nd millennium BC). Preliminary report

The paper presents preliminary results of an analysis of 51 samples of plant macrofossils coming from various archaeological contexts from the site of Tell Arbid in Northeast Syria. The contexts were dated mainly to the 3rd millennium BC (EJI–EJV) with a few being of 2nd millennium BC date (Khabur Ware and Mitanni periods). Cultivated plants were represented by cereals and pulses. The cultivation of at least three cereal species is documented, including a hulled variety of two-rowed barley, glumed einkorn and/or emmer wheat, and a species of naked wheat, probably macaroni wheat. Vegetables included lentil, bitter vetch, grass pea, and garden pea. Plants from the Ninevite 5 period (EJI–EJII) and their significance in the Tell Arbid economy are discussed in greater detail owing to the highest number of samples studied.

Uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in barley genotypes

Field experiment was carried out in order to study the genotypic variation in nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization by barley. The study included nine Bulgarian genotypes of two-rowed barley: three cultivars Krami, Krasen, Kristi and six perspectives breading lines. The genotypes were sown in a randomized, complete block design with four replications after maize as predecessor with the size of experimental plots of 7 m2. It was found that barley genotypes differed in the uptake efficiency of both elements - nitrogen and phosphorus. Genotypes were divided into two groups in regard to nitrogen. Cultivars Krami, Krasen, Kristi and lines 2390300, 24102400, 22506999 uptake 170-186 kg N*ha-1, and lines 704112296, 24201900, 689069970 demonstrated higher nitrogen uptake efficiency 213-241 kg N*ha-1. Most of the new lines had higher phosphorus uptake efficiency in a range 90-111 kg Р2О5 ha-1compared to the varieties. The ratio total N/total Р2О5 uptake was close to 2.0 for the most of genotypes. The obtained mean values of nitrogen utilization efficiency were 81.6 kg biomass and 34.0 kg grain per kg N, respectively. The mean values of phosphorus utilization efficiency were 171.3 kg biomass and 71.4 kg grain per kg P2O5, respectively. The barley genotypes utilized more efficient phosphorus then total uptake nitrogen for producing grain and straw. Line 24102400 demonstrated higher nitrogen utilization efficiency for biomass and grain from all studied genotypes, followed by variety Krami. These two genotypes could be recommended as perspective in future improves of nitrogen efficiency in barley. Uptake efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus positively correlated with the barley productivity and nutrients content in the grain and straw. In contrast, the relationship between total uptake of both elements at maturity and utilization efficiency of nitrogen or phosphorus for grain formation was negative.

Quality of brewing malt depending on the storage conditions of barley

Changes were studied that occurred during storage in the grain of the spring two-row barley of Get’man and Priazovskii 9 breeds permitted to use in the North Caucasian region and their influence on the malt quality. It is shown that the value of the germination indices within the time of the grain storage increases achieving maximum in 9 months. The germination index of Get’man breed was higher than in Priazovskii 9 breed. Both breeds had low water sensitivity within the whole storage period. In the malt obtained from the grain stored for more than 6 months, the content of protein reduced. It is stated that the indices of the barley grain during storage at the ambient temperature within the year changed constantly. Furthermore, the properties of the grain of different breeds changed differently, which favorably influenced the malt quality.

Effect of α-acetolactate decarboxylase on diacetyl content of beer

The effect of a-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) on the diacetyl content of beer was studied. Diacetyl is known as an off-flavor compound in beer due to its buttery flavor. ALDC is known to reduce diacetyl by bypassing the diacetyl formation pathway. Herein, beer was brewed with two-row barley (Jinyang) and six-row barley (Dahyang) cultured in Korea with the addition of ALDC. The formation of diacetyl is reversely affected by free amino nitrogen, such as valine. ALDC (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 unit/mL) was added to the samples, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting beer were analyzed to determine the quality. Diacetyl content was decreased in proportion to the enzyme concentration. The diacetyl content in samples made from Jinyang and Dahyang decreased by 25 and 15%, respectively. The diacetyl content in both was acceptable for microbrewery.

An experimental approach to the chemical properties and the ash melting behavior in agricultural biomass

The present paper presents an experimental approach to the chemical and physical properties of the agricultural biomass from the point of view of the use of the biodegradable materials as fuel in incinerators at small and large scales. The wide variety of biomass sources implies a wide range of biomass fuel properties, both physically and chemically. Waste biomass could provide a significant part of the energy demand if appropriate conversion technologies are used. The types of agricultural biomass considered are corn, corn stalk, cereal mix, wheat, oatmeal, barley, corncob, rye, two-row barley, and corn and corncob mix. The study underlines the physical and chemical properties for analyzed materials. Using a statistical treatment to compare our set of data for different types of materials with the existing data from the literature, it can be noted that the net calorific values presented in this work are not statistically different from the mean value of the existing data in the literature. The net calorific values of the selected biomass ranged from 16,566 to 17,984 kJ kg−1 (dry basis). During the experiment, the flowing temperatures of the selected agricultural biomass were between 880 and 1480 °C. The flowing temperature values for the presented data are different than the mean values of data from references. So, the combustion facility allows the use of fuel from many local sources, thus making the control and minimization of the major part of the operational cost possible. The ash melting process is strongly influenced by its chemical composition, and it takes place in a wide temperature range. Therefore, the present work describes the characteristic points of the ash melting behavior. A complete proximate and ultimate laboratory analysis was conducted in order to determine the physical and chemical material characteristics [C, H, N, volatile matter, moisture, ash content, and gross and net calorific values (GCV and NCV, respectively)], the major and minor elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Pb) and the ash melting points (SST, DT, HT and FT) for the analyzed materials that are further used in the combustion processes.

AAC Purpose barley

Choo, T.M., Martin, R.A., ter Beek, S.M., MacDonald, D., Scott, P., Dion, Y., Rioux, S., Pageau, D. and Abdel-Aal, E.-S.M. 2015. AAC Purpose barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 599–602. AAC Purpose is a two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high grain yield, very high seed weight, and resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. AAC Purpose performs well in the Maritimes and Quebec.

'INIAP-Palmira 2014': a new drought-resistance barley variety

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is produced in the Ecuadorian highlands ( > 3,000 m a.s.l.) primarily for self-consumption and small-scale commercialization. Not many crop species are adapted to this altitude; therefore, barley is one of a few crop species that can be grown at these locations. Severe environmental conditions can be found in the Ecuadorian highlands since the region is characterized by poor soils and water deficiency (< 300 mm yr-1). The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) has developed 'INIAP-Palmira 2014', a hulled two-row barley variety adapted to Ecuadorian agricultural conditions in the highlands. 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed acceptable yield performance as compared with the most popular improved barley cultivars in different production areas located in Ecuador. However, this new barley variety showed superior performance under water stress conditions in the highlands highlands (>3,000 m a.s.l.). Additionally, 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed disease resistance, mainly to yellow rust, in all of the locations where the new variety was evaluated.

Barley Leaf Area and Leaf Growth Rates Are Maximized during the Pre-Anthesis Phase

Leaf developmental traits are an important component of crop breeding in small-grain cereals. Surprisingly, little is known about the genetic basis for the differences in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf development. The two barley row-type classes, i.e., two- and six-rowed, show clear-cut differences in leaf development. To quantify these differences and to measure the genetic component of the phenotypic variance for the leaf developmental differences in both row-type classes we investigated 32 representative spring barley accessions (14 two- and 18 six-rowed accessions) under three independent growth conditions. Leaf mass area is lower in plants grown under greenhouse (GH) conditions due to fewer, smaller, and lighter leaf blades per main culm compared to pot- and soil-grown field plants. Larger and heavier leaf blades of six-rowed barley correlate with higher main culm spike grain yield, spike dry weight, and harvest index; however, smaller leaf area (LA) in two-rowed barley can be attributed to more spikes, tillers, and biological yield (aboveground parts). In general, leaf growth rate was significantly higher between awn primordium and tipping stages. Moderate to very high broad-sense heritabilities (0.67–0.90) were found under all growth conditions, indicating that these traits are predominantly genetically controlled. In addition, our data suggests that GH conditions are suitable for studying leaf developmental traits. Our results also demonstrated that LA impacts single plant yield and can be reconsidered in future breeding programs. Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1) is the major determinate of barley row-types, the differences in leaf development between two- and six-rowed barleys may be attributed to the regulation of Vrs1 in these two classes, which needs further testing.

BRS Sampa: malting barley cultivar for irrigated production

Barley BRS Sampa is a late heading, dwarf two-rowed malting barley cultivar released for irrigated production in Brazil. It combines high yield and kernel plumpness, disease and lodging resistance with malting quality. It is adapted to all major irrigated production regions of Brazil.

Yield of spring cereals in mixed stands with undersown winter turnip rape

Winter turnip rape [Brassica rapa L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.] is an oilseed crucifer mainly grown in Nordic and Baltic countries. It can be undersown in a spring cereal as an alternative to sowing of pure stand in late July. Establishment by undersowing helps to utilize the short growing season at high latitudes. However, as undersown crops tend to affect the growth and yield of their companion crops, the effect of undersown winter turnip rape on cereal yield and quality needs to be assessed. Additionally, an evaluation of the suitability of different cereals as companion crops to winter turnip rape is required before practical recommendations can be made. The suitability of four spring cereals as companion crops to winter turnip rape was studied in three field experiments. Two-row barley, six-row barley, wheat and oat were sown at two different densities, with and without undersown winter turnip rape, sowing density depending on the density of the cereal. Undersowing winter turnip rape in a cereal did not markedly affect cereal yield. In some years six-row barley and oat with undersown winter turnip rape produced more yield than corresponding pure stands, indicating a possible facilitative effect of the undersown crucifer on the two cereal species. The results suggest that the most compatible cereals as companion crops with undersown winter turnip rape are six-row barley and oat. Mixed stand cultivation could be improved trough the identification of the optimal cereal–winter turnip rape combinations.

Breeding malting barley for consistently low grain protein to sustain production against predicted changes from global warming

Climate change, as summarised by global warming, poses a substantial challenge to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production and the malting industries. This is because, in sensitive varieties, heat stress causes grain protein content (GPC) to exceed the maximum acceptable value for malting purposes. One way to avoid the problem is to use cultivars with inherently low-GPC and hence reduce the risk of approaching a GPC above 12 %. The present study aimed to characterise the genetic locus on 5HS linked to GPC in two-rowed barley and to combine it with the locus on 6H identified in six-rowed barley. Saturation mapping with EST-derived SSR markers identified four new markers (UMB704, K03390, UMB707, and HvSMEh297) within the target QTL region, which provides functional markers for selection. Over a 3-year period, doubled haploid lines differing in the presence/absence of the marker alleles at the 5HS locus were characterised for physiological differences related to GPC accumulation. Both genotype groups flowered at about the same time, but during grain filling, the low-GPC group accumulated less nitrogen in the spikes, and more dry matter, than the high-GPC group. The 5HS and 6H QTLs were combined into two-row backgrounds, and preliminary field evaluation showed that almost all of the recombinants had GPC levels that were lower than the commercial check (Schooner) by up to 4 % units. Of the 155 F2-derived F5 lines, 20 had grain protein levels that were lower than that of the low-GPC check (VB0229) by 1–2 %. This represents a new germplasm pool that will be useful for variety development, not just to lower GPC, but also to stabilise GPC variability across different environments.

Selenium speciation in malt, wort, and beer made from selenium-biofortified two-rowed barley grain.

Selenium (Se) biofortification of barley is a suitable strategy to increase the Se concentration in grain. In the present paper, the suitability of this Se-biofortified grain for making Se-enriched beer is analyzed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different Se fertilizer doses (0, 10, and 20 g of Se ha(-1)) and forms (sodium selenate or sodium selenite) on the Se loss during the malting and brewing processes and Se speciation in grain, malt, wort, and beer. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS for total Se and speciation. Mashing-lautering was the process with the greatest Se loss (83.8%). After malting and brewing, only 7.3% of the initial Se was retained in beer, mainly in selenite form. Even so, the fertilizer application of sodium selenate at 20 g ha(-1) increased the total Se concentration almost 6-fold in the final beer in comparison to the use of grain derived from unfertilized barley. The present paper provides evidence that the use of Se-biofortified barley grain as a raw material to produce Se-enriched beer is possible, and the results are comparable to other methods in terms of efficiency.

AAC Synergy barley

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Fetch, T. G. Jr., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Tekauz, A., Turkington, T. K. and Savard, M. E. 2014. AAC Synergy barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 797–803. AAC Synergy is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with high yield and is widely adapted to western Canada. Developed from the cross TR02267/Newdale made in 2002, AAC Synergy was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (2009–2010) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (2010–2011) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2012. AAC Synergy's excellent combination of agronomic traits, disease resistance and desirable malting quality traits should make it a useful cultivar for producers and the malting and brewing industry.

Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley.

Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 bp. A total of 40 haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The highest nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity were observed in the Southwest Asian wild barley population. The nucleotide diversity, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity in two-rowed barley were higher than those in six-rowed barley. The phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 sequences partially separated the six-rowed and the two-rowed barley. The six-rowed barleys were divided into four groups.

Samsun Koşullarında Bazı İki Sıralı Arpa (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon) Genotiplerinde Tane Verimi ile Başlıca Tarımsal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi ve Stabilite Analizi

Bu araştırmada, Samsun koşullarında 19 iki sıralı arpa genotipinin tane verimi, başlıca tarımsal özellikleri ve verim stabilitesi incelenmiştir. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak 2002-2005 yılları arasında 3 yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, başaklanma süresi, bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane verimi belirlenmiştir. Stabilite parametreleri olarak ortalama verim (x ), regresyon katsayısı (bi ), belirtme katsayısı (R) regresyondan sapma kareler ortalaması (Sd ) ve ekovalans degeri (Wi ) kullanılmıştır. Üç yılın ortalamasına göre başaklanma süresi 122.2-131.8 gün, bitki boyu 82.0-96.8 cm, başak uzunluğu 6.24-8.78 cm, başakta tane sayısı 20.3-27.9 adet, bin tane ağırlığı 42.4-48.9 g, hektolitre ağırlığı 59.9-70.1 kg ve tane verimi 314.9-474.7 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Yılların ortalamasına göre en yüksek tane verimi 1, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12 ve 19 nolu genotiplerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada ele alınan tüm stabilite parametrelerine göre 3, 9, 12 ve 19 nolu genotiplerin en stabil hatlar olduğu söylenebilir.

An evaluation of genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to map the Breviaristatum-e (ari-e) locus in cultivated barley

We explored the use of genotyping by sequencing (GBS) on a recombinant inbred line population (GPMx) derived from a cross between the two-rowed barley cultivar ‘Golden Promise’ (ari-e.GP/Vrs1) and the six-rowed cultivar ‘Morex’ (Ari-e/vrs1) to map plant height. We identified three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), the first in a region encompassing the spike architecture gene Vrs1 on chromosome 2H, the second in an uncharacterised centromeric region on chromosome 3H, and the third in a region of chromosome 5H coinciding with the previously described dwarfing gene Breviaristatum-e (Ari-e).BackgroundBarley cultivars in North-western Europe largely contain either of two dwarfing genes; Denso on chromosome 3H, a presumed ortholog of the rice green revolution gene OsSd1, or Breviaristatum-e (ari-e) on chromosome 5H. A recessive mutant allele of the latter gene, ari-e.GP, was introduced into cultivation via the cv. ‘Golden Promise’ that was a favourite of the Scottish malt whisky industry for many years and is still used in agriculture today.ResultsUsing GBS mapping data and phenotypic measurements we show that ari-e.GP maps to a small genetic interval on chromosome 5H and that alternative alleles at a region encompassing Vrs1 on 2H along with a region on chromosome 3H also influence plant height. The location of Ari-e is supported by analysis of near-isogenic lines containing different ari-e alleles. We explored use of the GBS to populate the region with sequence contigs from the recently released physically and genetically integrated barley genome sequence assembly as a step towards Ari-e gene identification.ConclusionsGBS was an effective and relatively low-cost approach to rapidly construct a genetic map of the GPMx population that was suitable for genetic analysis of row type and height traits, allowing us to precisely position ari-e.GP on chromosome 5H. Mapping resolution was lower than we anticipated. We found the GBS data more complex to analyse than other data types but it did directly provide linked SNP markers for subsequent higher resolution genetic analysis.