Two-phase Flow In Minichannels Research Articles

Two-phase pressure drop of air–water in minichannels

Results of experimental investigations of pressure drop in two-phase adiabatic flow in tubular minichannels are presented. Air–water mixture was used as a working fluid. Eight tubular minichannels with internal diameter d w = 1.05 ÷ 2.30 mm and the test section length of 300 mm made from stainless steel were used. The investigations were conducted within the range: mass flow rate of water 0.65 ÷ 59 kg/h, mass flow rate of air 0.011 ÷ 0.72 kg/h, mass fraction of air in the two-phase mixture x = 0.0003 ÷ 0.22, total mass flux ( wρ) = 139 ÷ 8582 kg/(m 2 s). It was found, on the basis of the experimental investigations, that the application of commonly used methods to evaluation of pressure drop in two-phase flow, provided poor results. It is therefore necessary to make some corrections and modifications for the two-phase flow in minichannels correlations.

Fundamental data on the gas–liquid two-phase flow in minichannels

We report on the results of investigations into the characteristics of an air–water isothermal two-phase flow in minichannels, that is, in capillary tubes with inner diameters of 1 mm, 2.4 mm, and 4.9 mm, also in capillary rectangular channels with an aspect ratio of 1 to 9. The directions of flow were vertical upward, horizontal and vertical downward. Based on the authors 15 years of fundamental research into the gas–liquid two-phase flows in circular tubes and rectangular channels, we summarized the characteristics of the flow phenomena in a minichannel with special attention on the flow patterns, the time varying holdup and the pressure loss. The effects of the tube diameters and aspect ratios of the channels on these flow parameters and the flow patterns were investigated. Also the correlations of the holdup and the frictional pressure drop were proposed.

Boiling and two-phase flow in channels with extremely small dimensions: a review of Japanese research

Research concerning micro-actuators utilizing vapor–liquid interfacial phenomena has been carried out extensively to develop thermal devices applied to micromachines. On the other hand, the application of two-phase flow is useful for the removal of waste heat from the semiconductor chips with highly increased heat generation density to be integrated in notebook PCs. In the present paper, the latest Japanese research on boiling and two-phase flow in minichannels is reviewed, covering the topics for the fundamental phenomena and practical applications. Boiling in a narrow channel between parallel plates is an ideal system for the development of high-performance heat exchangers with extremely small sizes. The promising approaches to increasing the critical heat flux (CHF) are introduced, including those by the present author, to compensate for the disadvantages inherent in this system.

ADIABATIC GAS–LIQUID FLOW IN MICROCHANNELS

This article presents a review of adiabatic two-phase flow in minichannels and microchannels. Differences between them are identified and explained based on this review and our own research. Several channels of decreasing diameter were used in our experiments to determine the effect of the channel size on the two-phase flow of nitrogen gas and water. The effect of channel geometry was examined by characterizing the two-phase flow in a circular and square microchannel of similar size. Only slug flow was observed in the microchannels. Four new sub-classes of slug flow were subsequently defined. A new correlation was developed for the time-averaged void fraction data in the microchannels. The two-phase pressure drop in microchannels was predicted by treating the two phases as being separate with a large velocity difference. Regarding the effect of microchannel geometry, the transition boundaries on the two-phase flow regime maps were shifted for the slug flow subcategories.

細管における垂直上昇気液二相流の伝熱・流動特性(沸騰,熱工学部門一般講演)

Void fraction, frictional pressure loss and heat transfer coefficient were measured for vertical upward heated air-water two-phase flow in a 1.03mm I.D. stainless steel tube to investigate heat transfer and flow characteristics of two-phase flow in minichannel. Flow regimes were observed using high speed video camera. Void fraction was correlated with drift flux model better than Smith's correlation when α>0.7, but did not agree with both correlations when α<0.7. Frictional pressure losses agreed with Chisolm-Laird's equation at relatively large liquid Reynolds number. At low liquid Reynolds number, experimental results were close to Mishima-Hibiki's modified Chisolm-Laird's equation. Pressure loss was affected by flow regime at low liquid Reynolds number. Heat transfer coefficient fairly agreed with the results of ordinary inner diameter tube except for low liquid velocities.

Porous medium model for two-phase flow in mini channels with applications to micro heat pipes

In this paper the porous medium concept is adopted to build up a fundamental model for two-phase flows inside mini channels. The capillary force which appears important for those problems is rigorously included in the model by following the same treatment as for porous media. Various applications of the developed model are demonstrated, among which are adiabatic co- and counter-current flows and heated forced and natural convective flows. Some fundamental results such as the two-phase pressure drop in a downflow, the flooding limit in a counter-current flow and dryout heat flux in natural convection boiling, are achieved and compared with previous studies available in the literature. With the main emphasis on the application to micro heat pipes, the model is used to predict the capillary limit of an operating micro heat pipe, to explain the liquid holdup phenomenon and to imply the onset and origin of the plug flow pattern. Future research needs are pointed out to refine this first version of a two-phase model and to apply it to additional practical applications.