Two-loop Self-energy Diagrams Research Articles

Feynman integrals of Grassmannians

We embed Feynman integrals in the subvarieties of Grassmannians through homogenization of the integrands in projective space, then obtain Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky systems satisfied by those scalar integrals. The Feynman integral can be written as linear combinations of the hypergeometric functions of a fundamental solution system in neighborhoods of regular singularities of the Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky system, whose linear combination coefficients are determined by the integral on an ordinary point or some regular singularities. Taking some Feynman diagrams as examples, we elucidate in detail how to obtain the fundamental solution systems of Feynman integrals in neighborhoods of regular singularities. Furthermore we also present the parametric representations of Feynman integrals of the two-loop self-energy diagrams that are convenient to embed in the subvarieties of Grassmannians.

Complex-mass renormalization in hadronic EFT: Applicability at two-loop order

We discuss the application of the complex-mass scheme to multi-loop diagrams in hadronic effective field theory by considering as an example a two-loop self-energy diagram. We show that the renormalized two-loop diagram satisfies the power counting.

Multi-threaded adaptive extrapolation procedure for Feynman loop integrals in the physical region

Feynman loop integrals appear in higher order corrections of interaction cross section calculations in perturbative quantum field theory. The integrals are computationally intensive especially in view of singularities which may occur within the integration domain. For the treatment of threshold and infrared singularities we developed techniques using iterated (repeated) adaptive integration and extrapolation. In this paper we describe a shared memory parallelization and its application to one- and two-loop problems, by multi-threading in the outer integrations of the iterated integral. The implementation is layered over OpenMP and retains the adaptive procedure of the sequential method exactly. We give performance results for loop integrals associated with various types of diagrams including one-loop box, pentagon, two-loop self-energy and two-loop vertex diagrams.

Infrared and extended on-mass-shell renormalization of two-loop diagrams

Using a toy model Lagrangian we demonstrate the application of both infrared and extended on-mass-shell renormalization schemes to multiloop diagrams by considering as an example a two-loop self-energy diagram. We show that in both cases the renormalized diagrams satisfy a straightforward power counting.

Thermal sunset diagram for scalar field theories

We study the so-called `` sunset diagram'', which is one of two-loop self-energy diagrams, for scalar field theories at finite temperature. For this purpose, we first find the complete expression of the bubble diagram, the one-loop subdiagram of the sunset diagram, for arbitrary momentum. We calculate the temperature independent part and dependent part of the sunset diagram separately. For the former, we obtain the discontinuous part first and the finite continuous part next using a twice-subtracted dispersion relation. For the latter, we express it as a one-dimensional integral in terms of the bubble diagram. We also study the structure of the discontinuous part of the sunset diagram. Physical processes, which are responsible for it, are identified. Processes due to the scattering with particles in the heat bath exist only at finite temperature and generate discontinuity for arbitrary momentum, which is a remarkable feature of the two-loop diagrams at finite temperature. As an application of our result, we study the effect of the diagram on the spectral function of the sigma meson at finite temperature in the linear sigma model, which was obtained at one-loop order previously. At high temperature where the decay $\sigma\to\pi\pi$ is forbidden, sigma acquires a finite width of the order of $10 {\rm MeV}$ while within the one-loop calculation its width vanishes. At low temperature, the spectrum does not deviate much from that at one-loop order. Possible consequences with including other two-loop diagrams are discussed.

Finite calculation of divergent self-energy diagrams

Using dispersive techniques, it is possible to avoid ultraviolet divergences in the calculation of Feynman diagrams, making subsequent regularization of divergent diagrams unnecessary. We give a simple introduction to the most important features of such dispersive techniques in the framework of the so-called finite causal perturbation theory. The method is also applied to the "divergent" general massive two-loop sunrise self-energy diagram, where it leads directly to an analytic expression for the imaginary part of the diagram in accordance with the literature, whereas the real part can be obtained by a single integral dispersion relation. It is pointed out that dispersive methods have been known for decades and have been applied to several nontrivial Feynman diagram calculations.PACS Nos.: 11.10.–z, 11.15.Bt, 12.20.Ds, 12.38.Bx

Evaluation of the two-loop self-energy correction to the ground state energy of H-like ions to all orders in Z$\alpha$

We present an evaluation of the complete gauge-invariant set of the two-loop self-energy diagrams carried out to all orders in the parameter \(Z\alpha\). The calculation is performed for the ground state of H-like ions with \(Z\ge 40\). As a result, we significantly improve the accuracy of theoretical values for the ground-state Lamb shift in high-Z H-like ions. We provide a compilation of various contributions to the ground-state energy of H-like ions and estimate uncertainties of the corresponding theoretical predictions.

Two-loop self-energy correction in high-Z hydrogenlike ions.

A complete evaluation of the two-loop self-energy diagrams to all orders in Zalpha is presented for the ground state of H-like ions with Z > or =40.

Double-logarithmic two-loop self-energy corrections to the Lamb shift

Self-energy corrections involving logarithms of the parameter $Z\ensuremath{\alpha}$ can often be derived within a simplified approach, avoiding calculational difficulties typical of the problematic nonlogarithmic corrections (as customary in bound-state quantum electrodynamics, we denote by Z the nuclear charge number, and by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ the fine-structure constant). For some logarithmic corrections, it is sufficient to consider internal properties of the electron characterized by form factors. We provide a detailed derivation of related self-energy ``potentials'' that give rise to the logarithmic corrections; these potentials are local in coordinate space. We focus on the double-logarithmic two-loop coefficient ${B}_{62}$ for P states and states with higher angular momenta in hydrogenlike systems. We complement the discussion by a systematic derivation of ${B}_{62}$ based on nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. In particular, we find that an additional double logarithm generated by the loop-after-loop diagram cancels when the entire gauge-invariant set of two-loop self-energy diagrams is considered. This double logarithm is not contained in the effective-potential approach.

Two-loop self-energies in the standard model

Recent progress in the calculation of two-loop self-energy diagrams is reviewed. At first we point out the new graphic possibilities in our ‘Feynman diagram analyzer’ ( DIANA), which of course is not only applicable for self-energies. Further we mention an interesting development in the reduction of on-shell two-loop self-energy diagrams including their master integrals for one massive parameter. Finally an application of our methods to the two-loop photon self-energy in the Standard Model (SM) is described.

ON-SHELL2: FORM based package for the calculation of two-loop self-energy single scale Feynman diagrams occurring in the Standard Model

A FORM based package (ON-SHELL2) for the calculation of two loop self-energy diagrams with one nonzero mass in internal lines and the external momentum on the same mass shell is elaborated. The algorithm, based on recurrence relations obtained from the integration-by-parts method, allows us to reduce diagrams with arbitrary indices (powers of scalar propagators) to a set of master integrals. The SHELL2 package is used for the calculation of special types of diagrams. Analytical results for master integrals are collected.

Single-scale diagrams and multiple binomial sums

The ε-expansion of several two-loop self-energy diagrams with different thresholds and one mass are calculated. On-shell results are reduced to multiple binomial sums which values are presented in analytical form.

Two-loop self-energy diagrams worked out with NDIM

In this work we calculate two two-loop massless Feynman integrals pertaining to self-energy diagrams using NDIM (Negative Dimensional Integration Method). We show that the answer we get is 36-fold degenerate. We then consider special cases of exponents for propagators and the outcoming results compared with known ones obtained via traditional methods.

Towards automatic analytic evaluation of diagrams with masses

A method to calculate two-loop self-energy diagrams of the Standard Model is demonstrated. A direct physical application is the calculation of the two-loop electroweak contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon 1 2 (g−2) μ . Presently, we confine ourselves to a “toy” model with only μ, γ and a heavy neutral scalar particle (Higgs). The algorithm is implemented as a FORM-based program package. For generating and automatically evaluating any number of two-loop self-energy diagrams, a special C program has been written. This program creates the initial FORM-expression for every diagram generated by QGRAF, executes the corresponding subroutines and sums up the final results.

Two-loop self-energy diagrams worked out with NDIM

In this work we calculate two two-loop massless Feynman integrals pertaining to self-energy diagrams using NDIM (Negative Dimensional Integration Method). We show that the answer we get is 36-fold degenerate. We then consider special cases of exponents for propagators and the outcoming results compared with known ones obtained via traditional methods.

Towards automatic analytic evaluation of massive Feynman diagrams

A method to calculate two-loop self-energy diagrams of the Standard Model is demonstrated. A direct physical application is the calculation of the two-loop electroweak contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon 1 2 (g − 2) μ . Presently we confine ourselves to a “toy” model with only μ, γ and a scalar particle (Higgs). The algorithm is implemented as a package of computer programs in FORM. For generating and automatically evaluating any number of two-loop self-energy diagrams, a special C-program has been written. This program creates the initial FORM-expression for every diagram generated by QGRAF, executes the corresponding subroutines and sums up the final results.

Small-threshold behaviour of two-loop self-energy diagrams: some special cases

An algorithm to construct analytic approximations to two-loop diagrams describing their behaviour at small non-zero thresholds is discussed. For some special cases (involving two different-scale mass parameters), several terms of the expansion are obtained.

Small-threshold behaviour of two-loop self-energy diagrams: some special cases*

Small-threshold behaviour of two-loop self-energy diagrams: some special cases*

Small-threshold behaviour of two-loop self-energy diagrams: two-particle thresholds

The behaviour of two-loop two-point diagrams at non-zero thresholds corresponding to two-particle cuts is analyzed. The masses involved in a cut and the external momentum are assumed to be small as compared to some of the other masses of the diagram. By employing general formulae of asymptotic expansions of Feynman diagrams in momenta and masses, we construct an algorithm to derive analytic approximations to the diagrams. In such a way, we calculate several first coefficients of the expansion. Since no conditions on relative values of the small masses and the external momentum are imposed, the threshold irregularities are described analytically. Numerical examples, using diagrams occurring in the Standard Model, illustrate the convergence of the expansion below the first large threshold.

Simple one-dimensional integral representations for two-loop self-energies: the master diagram

The scalar two-loop self-energy master diagram is studied in the case of arbitrary masses. Analytical results in terms of Lauricella- and Appell-functions are presented for the imaginary part. By using the dispersion relation a one-dimensional integral representation is derived. This representation uses only elementary functions and is thus well suited for a numerical calculation of the master diagram.