Two-group Design Research Articles

Positive Impact Of Health Education Through Video Media to the Improvevement of Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge

Reproductive health knowledge is a critical aspect of adolescents' overall well-being, and its effective promotion plays a pivotal role in ensuring their long-term health and decision-making. In recent years, the utilization of video-based health education has gained popularity as a means of delivering information to this demographic. However, it was imperative to investigate the extent to which this innovative approach truly influences adolescents' knowledge. This study employed a quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest design and involved a total of 34 respondents who were selected through a comprehensive total sampling technique. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of video-based health education on adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney Test and the Wilcoxon Test, revealing a statistically significant improvement in reproductive health knowledge among the participants, as indicated by a p-value of 0.000, which was less than the significance level of 0.05. These findings emphasized the effectiveness of video-based health education as a powerful tool in enhancing adolescents' comprehension of reproductive health matters. It underscores the importance of integrating video-based education into comprehensive health promotion strategies targeted at adolescents, as it has the potential to significantly contribute to their overall health awareness and decision-making capabilities.

PERUBAHAN INTENSITAS DISMENORE MELALUI PEMBERIAN MASSAGE EFFLURAGE DAN MASSAGE EFFLURAGE AROMATERAPI LAVENDER PADA MAHASISWI TINGKAT 1 A

Dysmenorrhea is a common issue experienced by women before and during menstruation, including adolescent girls.Non-pharmacological treatments can be done, one of which is effleurage massage using lavender aromatherapy oil. This study aims to determine the changes in the decrease of dysmenorrhea intensity between effleurage massage and effleurage massage using lavender aromatherapy oil. This study is a non-paired comparative type of research with a two-group pretest-posttest design approach. The population consisted of 44 respondents with a sample size of 39 respondents. Group 1 received effleurage massage and Group 2 received effleurage massage using lavender aromatherapy oil. Data was collected using the NRS questionnaire, and both groups' data were tested using paired t-tests and then retested using an independent t-test to compare between the groups. The statistical tests for Group 1 produced ?1??2 and ?-value ,000 < 0.05, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis. The same result was found for Group 2, with ?1??2 and ?-value ,000 < 0.05. The difference in the change of dysmenorrhea intensity between the two groups also yielded ?1??2 and ?-value ,000 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. There is a difference in the reduction of intensity between effleurage massage and effleurage massage using lavender aromatherapy oil. Effleurage massage using lavender aromatherapy oil showed a significant decrease in dysmenorrhea intensity. This is because effleurage massage not only distracts pain but lavender aromatherapy also produces endorphins, thus modifying pain perception in the brain. Therefore, it can be an alternative choice in reducing dysmenorrhea intensity.

Marmet technique and oxytocin massage increase the smoothness of breastfeeding

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Breast milk is the best baby food and every baby has the right to get breast milk. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, data on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in several countries had not yet reached the target. Referring to the national target of 80%, in 2018 nationally the coverage of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding is 68.74%. Meanwhile, in Bengkulu province, newborns who received exclusive breastfeeding were 65.46%. Based on the results of the 2018 Riskesdas, the proportion of breastfeeding patterns for infants aged 0-5 months in Indonesia is 37.3% exclusive breastfeeding.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong><em>: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the marmet technique and oxytocin massage on the smoothness breastfeeding .</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em>: This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, employing a two-group pretest-posttest design with a control group. The experimental group was administered the Marmet technique, while the control group received oxytocin massages for seven consecutive days. The sample for this study consisted of 60 first-day postpartum mothers, with 30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The research was conducted at PMB Bengkulu City. The research instruments used observation sheets, and data analysis was tested using the t-test and processed using computerization. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> The statistical results obtained showed that there was a significant difference between the groups given the marmet technique and oxytocin massage regarding the smoothness of breast milk, where the marmet technique group had better improvement. There is a relationship between education and parity with breastfeeding fluency but there is no relationship between age and work with breastfeeding fluency. Intervention and parity variables are the most effective variables in increasing the smooth breastfeeding of postpartum mothers.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>There is an effect of the marmet technique and oxytocin massage on the smoothness of breast milk. It is expected that midwives can provide midwifery care for postpartum mothers by applying the marmet technique and oxytocin massage for the smooth production of breast milk and can be disseminated to the community</em></p>

The effect of additional postural neck muscle control on conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation in reducing shoulder pain and disability in recreational surfers

Background: Shoulder pain and disability is a disorder commonly experienced by surfers, which is characterized by pain and limitations in the shoulder region when performing functional movements. Shoulder movement is closely related to the surfer's paddling movements when surfing, so high paddling intensity increases the risk of complaints in the shoulder region. This research aimed to prove that adding postural muscle neck control to conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation intervention was more effective in reducing shoulder pain and disability than conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation intervention.
 Methods: This research was experimental with a randomized pre- and post-test two-group design. Research participants were randomly divided into two groups. This research measured shoulder disability using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) questionnaire.
 Results: The paired T-test analysis showed significant differences in the reduction in SPADI scores in group intervention, which was 23.2±2.7 with p-value< 0.001, and in group control, was 20.15± 3.3 with p-value< 0.001 in the patient's shoulder functional increase. The independent T-test obtained a p-value of 0.002, proving a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in reducing shoulder disability among recreational surfers.
 Conclusion: There were significant differences in SPADI scores before and after both group interventions. In addition, data showed that the additional postural neck muscle exercise on conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation obtained better improvement in shoulder disability than conventional physiotherapy intervention only among recreational surfers.
 Keywords: Conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation, postural muscle neck control, recreational surfers, shoulder pain and disability

The Effect of The Use of Birthball on The Intensity of First Stage Active Phase Labor Pain

Research in the United States around 70% to 80% of mothers who give birth expect the birth to take place without feeling pain. Currently, 20% to 50% of deliveries in private hospitals in Indonesia are carried out by Caesarean section. The current trend is for mothers to choose to give birth via cesarean section to avoid pain during normal birth. This study was to determine the effect of using a birthball on the intensity of labor pain during the first active phase. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest two-group design. The population of this study is all mothers giving birth normally at the Az-Zahra clinic. The sample in the study consisted of 30 respondents. The research instrument uses the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) sheet. Data were analyzed using the Paired T-test and Independent T-test. The average pretest labor pain score in the experimental group was 7.13, while the post-test was 3.33, and the p-value was 0.489. The average pretest labor pain score in the control group was 6.53, while the post-test was 7.80, and the p-value was 0.044. The results of the Independent T-test showed a p-value of 0.489. Giving the Birthball method can reduce the intensity of labor pain during the first active phase. It is hoped that the Birthball method can be applied in all maternity clinics or independent midwives in Indonesia.

THE POTENTIAL OF MULTIDOMAIN MOBILE PROGRAMS IN SUPPORTING COGNITIVE HEALTH OF SENIORS IN RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES

Abstract This study pilot tested the efficacy of a mobile-based multidomain application, Silvia Program, on cognitive functioning of residents in assisted living facilities (ALFs). After a 12-week randomized pilot trial using a two-group pretest-posttest design (Silvia group vs. usual care group), we assessed the cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results are that the total MoCA scores of the Silvia group showed significant improvement while the total scores of the control group declined. The present study provides suggestive evidence for an overall positive effect of the use of the Silvia Program on the cognitive functioning among residents in ALFs.

Preprofessional teachers’ and speech-language pathologists’ attitudes toward collaborative service delivery in classrooms

Despite policies favoring delivery of interventions for children with communication disorders in the classroom, most school-based interventions are delivered outside the classroom. Both teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have been found to have positive attitudes toward classroom-delivered intervention and the collaboration skills required to implement it. The purpose of this study was to explore preservice teacher and SLP attitudes toward inclusive service delivery and perceptions of their collaboration skills. The study used convergent mixed-methods, two-group design with participants completing an assignment requiring interprofessional collaboration. Twenty-nine preservice teachers and SLPs consented to the preassignment survey, and 37 consented to the postassignment survey. Compared to preservice teachers, preservice SLPs more strongly agreed that interventions are best delivered in the classroom. After the collaborative assignment, participants more strongly agreed that SLPs should implement classroom-based interventions. The preservice SLPs more strongly agreed that they had skills to identify children's language needs in the classroom. Barriers to collaboration included differences in goals, role understanding, and level of preparation across the professions. The findings suggest that to foster more inclusive delivery, professional preparation programs require more focus on building skills in respectfully managing differences in what each professional brings to classroom-based language interventions.

Mother's knowledge of nutrition and protein intake in stunted children aged 12-36 months in Indonesia

The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of mothers’ knowledge before and after counseling on nutrition and protein intake in stunting toddlers aged 12-36 months. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design from May to August 2022 in Batujajar and Cihampelas Subdistricts, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Subjects consisted of 124 mothers who had stunted toddlers and were divided into 2 groups: control and treatment, with 62 toddlers each, with simple random sampling. In the 1st and 4th months, nutritional measurements of protein intake were carried out using the Food Frequency Questionnaire using the 2007 Nutrisurvey software. The statistical analysis included a t-test (comparison) for each pair of variables and tests for independence using the correlation coefficient and chi-square. Pretest nutrition knowledge in the majority control group was in the sufficient category at 38.7%. Meanwhile, in the treatment group, it was in the good category at 54.8%. Nutrition knowledge showed that the posttest control (15.45 ± 3.55) and the treatment (18.53 ± 1.49) groups were significantly different (p <0.01). Protein intake pretest and posttest (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th month protein) between the control and treatment groups were also significantly different (p<0.05). There was a significant posttest effect on mother's knowledge about nutrition and protein intake in stunted toddlers. Health workers are expected to continue to provide health education gradually and repeatedly to increase mothers' knowledge so the risk of stunting can be minimized.

Cope children's anxious behavior and pain with virtual reality during venipuncture procedure in emergency department

Venipuncture procedures undeniably increase anxiety behavior and pain while children are in the emergency department. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) on anxiety behavior and pain with the Dorothy-behavior theory during the venipuncture procedures procedure in the emergency department. The research used a quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest design with a control group design with 42 respondents in the yellow zone of the emergency department of RSPUN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney, and ordinal regression. There were significant differences and comparisons between anxiety behavior (p-value <0.001) and pain (p-value <0.001) when the venipuncture procedure was performed in the experimental group. School-age children (p-value 0.026; OR=4.958) affect pain. This study recommends that nurses in emergency departments provide VR during venipuncture procedures to address anxiety and pain behaviors. In addition, Dorothy's behavioral theory in the vein puncture procedure has become an innovation in nursing care. Provide aspects of protection based on the age, gender, and experience of the child; maintenance aspects by looking at VR effects; and aspects of stimulation as reference materials or recommendations for further research on VR to overcome anxiety and painful behavior in children during venipuncture procedures.

Islamic Therapy and Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Interventions in Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for Survivors of Mount Semeru Eruption

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Islamic and spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) interventions in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the survivors of the Mount Semeru eruption. This research has three phases: 1) Mapping the PTSD levels among survivors (n = 250); 2) Randomly choosing the survivor with PTSD to engage in either intervention: Islamic therapy (n = 10), or SEFT (n = 12); 3) post-intervention interview to describe the PTSD state post-intervention (n = 3). The first phase employed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to collect PTSD information among 250 survivors and then discovered that the mean of survivors’ PTSD levels was moderate. The second phase was executed using a two-group pretest-posttest design and then analysed using a Wilcoxon-signed rank test; it revealed that either group significantly reduced the PTSD level among the survivors. Furthermore, the post-test results of both groups displayed no significant discrepancy. The third phase qualitatively confirmed that the PTSD level among the survivors was reduced after the intervention. Moreover, aside from intervention results, the interview exhibited that internal and external factors also determined PTSD development. The implication of the finding will be discussed further.

Hybrid learning impact with augmented reality to improve higher order thinking skills of students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using hybrid learning with augmented reality to improve the high-level thinking skills of junior high school students in the area of geometry. In addition, the effects of hybrid learning with augmented reality on students' motivation to study geometry are also examined. This research technique uses a sequential mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods in sequence. Quantitative approaches were used in the first phase to collect quantifiable data, and qualitative methods were used in the second phase to explore the results of the first phase. A two-group pretest-posttest design is the quantitative research method used. In order to establish an experimental class and a control class, the research sample was selected using the cluster random sampling method. In addition, while the control class uses hybrid learning without augmented reality, the experimental class takes advantage of it. Interviews and observation sheets are used in the qualitative design dimensions. The quantitative part of the data shows that students who receive hybrid learning with augmented reality have higher order thinking skills in terms of ideas in geometry than students who receive hybrid learning without augmented reality. The HOTS N-Gain scores from hybrid learning with augmented reality are 0.62, while the HOTS N-Gain scores from hybrid learning without augmented reality are 0.43, both of which support this conclusion. In addition, according to the findings in the qualitative dimension, students are more motivated and engaged in learning when using augmented reality applications than when they are not. These qualitative findings suggest that augmented reality software can be successfully used as a teaching tool for geometry topics.

Use of Problem-Solving Based Physics Comic Media on Global Warming Material in Increasing Learning Motivation and Students' Understanding Concept

Learning media is an intermediary in the learning process, and is expected to arouse student motivation in learning activities, especially in physics lessons. However, some teachers have difficulty adapting the media to the material that will be provided, especially global warming material. So that causes a lack of interest in learning students to read textbooks, which results in a low understanding of students' concepts of physics subjects, especially on global warming material. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in learning motivation and understanding of students' concepts through the use of problem solving-based physics comics on global warming material. The method used in this study is qualitative, a type of quasi-experimental research (quasi-experiment). The research design used was a two-group pretest-posttest design. Totaling 30 students selected by cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this study were test instruments (pretest-posttest) and non-test instruments (questionnaires). Data analysis shows the value of Sig. < 0.05, namely 0.00, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that the use of problem solving-based physics comic media on global warming material can improve students' understanding of concepts.

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN MINYAK ZAITUN (OLIVE OIL) DAN MINYAK KELAPA MURNI (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHN RUAM PADA POPOK BAYI DI KLINIK TAHUN 2023

Babies will be sensitive to everything around them. Babies have relatively thin skin, making them susceptible to infection, inflammation and allergies. One of the most common skin problems is diaper rash. Diaper rash appears on the baby's thighs and buttocks. Causes of diaper rash include poor skin hygiene, severe hot flashes, and diarrhea. OBJECTIVE: To find out whether there is a difference in the effect between olive oil and coconut oil in healing diaper rash in babies. METHODS: This study used a two-group design with a quasi-experimental style, before and after a test-control design. The study population consisted of babies aged 0-12 months who suffered from diaper rash in Kasih Ibu, Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency, who had an average of 17 visits. Non-random sampling and targeted sampling using the Federer formula were used in this sample, with a total sample size of 16 people. An observation sheet with the Mann-Whitney test was used as an instrument. RESULTS: The results of the bivariate analysis test using Mann-Whitney showed that the average value for giving olive oil was (1.75) from 8 samples and for giving pure coconut oil, it was (1.25) with an average difference of (50). ) with Z count for giving olive oil (2.936) and giving muri coconut oil (0.3032). Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test, the p-value was 0.023. Because the p-value <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the use of olive oil and pure coconut oil for healing diaper rash in babies at the Kasih Ibu Clinic, Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023 Suggestion: In the future, it is hoped that research will be more advanced and the results will be enriched by looking for other treatments that can be used to reduce the severity of diaper rash, such as giving aloe vera or honey.

Effects of Twitter use on academic performance and satisfaction in a pathophysiology course among Omani nursing students: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundNursing students often find bioscience courses, such as pathophysiology, challenging. Utilizing Twitter to provide concise course content and answer students’ questions before exams may be beneficial. The objective of this study was to determine if using Twitter can improve nursing students’ academic performance and satisfaction with pathophysiology courses.MethodsA post-test, two-group quasi-experimental research design was employed in this study. It involved second-year Bachelor of Nursing students participating in a pathophysiology course at the College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, in Muscat, Oman. Seventy-three second-year Bachelor of Nursing students participated in the pathophysiology course; 50 students opted to use Twitter, forming the experimental group, while the remaining 23, who chose not to use Twitter, formed the control group. We used Twitter to provide concise course content for the pathophysiology course and conduct one-hour question-and-answer sessions the night before exams. Academic performance was assessed through examination scores, and student satisfaction levels with Twitter was measured using five-point Likert scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and t-tests.ResultsAlthough there was no significant difference in final exam scores between the experimental and control groups, survey results showed that students were generally satisfied with the incorporation of Twitter in the pathophysiology course, including the question-and-answer sessions.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that Twitter can serve as a valuable tool for enhancing nursing student satisfaction with the pathophysiology course.

The Influence of Health Promotion Interventions on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Islamic Students Regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior at Islamic Boarding Schools in Batang Hari Regency

Islamic boarding schools are one of the educational institutions in Indonesia. Students at Islamic boarding schools gain knowledge from teachers, kyai or ustadz. The increasing number of students in Islamic boarding schools has created habits such as eating together on one tray, not washing hands with soap before eating, sharing toiletries, and even sharing clothes. This bad habit causes an increase in the number of students suffering from illnesses such as acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, typhus and scabies. Clean and healthy living behavior in Islamic boarding schools is a collection of behaviors that are practiced on the basis of awareness as a result of learning, which makes the Islamic boarding school community independently able to prevent disease, improve their health, and play an active role in creating a healthy environment. This research aims to determine the effect of peer education methods on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior of Santri in Islamic Boarding Schools: Study on students of Irsyadul 'Ibad Islamic Boarding School, Batanghari Regency.This research is a quasi-experimental design research with a two-group pre test-post test control group design. The sample size is 84 respondents divided into 2 groups, namely the Peer Education experimental group with 42 respondents and the control group with 42 respondents. Each group lives in a different dormitory. The results of the bivariate analysis test with the Wilcoxon T-Test showed that the intervention group (peer educators) Knowledge p= 0.006, attitude p= 0.003 and the control group knowledge p= 0.000, attitude=0.009. So it can be statistically concluded that the peer education method influences the knowledge and attitudes of students regarding clean and healthy living behavior in the Batanghari Regency Islamic Boarding School. It is hoped that Islamic boarding schools can give more attention to students about the importance of the PHBS program in Islamic boarding schools.
 
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Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Tentang Penggunaan Jamban Sehat pada Ibu Rumah Tangga Kelurahan Kebonwaru, Kota Bandung dengan Menggunakan Media Promosi Kesehatan

The use of healthy latrines in the household can prevent diarrhoea, schistosomiasis and other diseases that family members are susceptible to. Based on national cases, 10.50% of the population still defecates in the open. Objective: to obtain an overview of knowledge scores and attitudes towards using healthy latrines before and after being given health education using video media and leaflets. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The research population was 3627 households. The sample size technique uses a minimum sample size formula, so the sample size is 24 respondents for the video group and 24 respondents for the leaflet group. The sampling technique in this research is using nonprobability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire. The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score of 3.55. In the second measurement, the average knowledge score was 21.17 with a standard deviation of 2.973, so there was an increase in the average knowledge score of 5.34 and the attitude score before being given the video + leaflet intervention was 109.92 with a standard deviation of 10.562, after given the intervention to 112.54 with a standard deviation of 7.277, there was an increase in the average attitude score of 2.62. It was concluded that the respondents had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards using healthy latrines, but the respondents or the community had not yet implemented the use of healthy latrines.

Using the information-motivation-behavioral skills model for targeting older adults’ climate change management practices: in the road of COP27

BackgroundClimate change is a rapidly evolving public health problem warranting global attention in the 21st century. The World Health Organization declared that climate illiteracy is highly prevalent among older adults, especially in lower- and middle-income nations. AimTo determine the effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-based intervention for climate change management practices among older adults. DesignA quasi-experimental employed a pre-posttest, two-group research design. ParticipantsThe studied sample comprised 80 older adults (aged 60 years and above), assigned to study and control groups (n = 40 each) after completing a baseline survey of six validated measures. ResultsThe study group of proposed intervention based on IMB model demonstrated significant improvement in the mean scores of information (98.62 ± 3.56), motivation (90.14 ± 3.02), actual skills (84.13 ± 8.76), and practices (85.80 ± 3.94), p = 0.001. ConclusionThe intervention based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model has demonstrated credible feasibility in significantly improving the climate change-related information, motivation, skills, and management practices of older adults immediately after the posttest. It should be emphasized that this improvement showed a significant decline at the six-week mark; albeit the study participants’ scores remained significantly higher than their pre-test values, there is clearly a need for reinforcement to maintain positive outcomes over the long term. The existing outcomes call for replication of this intervention in other cohorts, such as uneducated older adults and those residing in assisted-living facilities.

THE EFFECT OF EARLY MOBILIZATION ON UTERINE INVOLUTION AFTER CESAREAN SECTION

The rate of births through cesarean section is 17.6% (Riskesdas, 2018). Uterine involution is the process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy state in terms of both form and position. Early mobilization is a policy aimed at promptly guiding patients out of bed and encouraging them to walk as soon as possible. Failure to engage in early mobilization can result in an increase in body temperature due to inadequate uterine involution, preventing the removal of residual blood and leading to infections. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of early mobilization on uterine involution in patients after Cesarean Section at Kudungga Kutai Timur Regional General Hospital. This study employs a quasi-experimental research design in the form of a two-group posttest-only design to assess the impact of early mobilization on uterine involution after Cesarean Section at Kudungga Kutai Timur Regional General Hospital. The study includes a sample size of 10 respondents in the intervention group and 10 respondents in the control group. The consecutive sampling technique is used for sampling. Research instruments include observation sheets. The results of the Mann-Whitney test show a significance value of 0.008 (p<0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0). It can be concluded that there is a difference in uterine involution after early mobilization in patients after Cesarean Section in the postpartum ward of Kudungga Regional General Hospital in 2023.

The Effect Application of the SPEOS Method (Endorphin, Oxytocin, Suggestive Massage Stimulation) with Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Breast Milk Production in Postpartum Mothers

Background: Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition babies need, where complementary foods have not been recommended for exclusive breastfeeding babies, around 44% worldwide. The low provision of Exclusive Breastfeeding is influenced by a decrease in breast milk production in the first few days after giving birth, so non-pharmacological efforts are needed to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers, such as the SPEOS method (Stimulation of Endorphin Massage, Oxytocin, and Suggestive) combined with the administration of lavender and fennel essential oil aromatherapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of applying the SPEOS method with lavender and fennel essential oil aromatherapy on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers.
 Method: This research is a quasi-experiment (Quasi Experiment design) with a two-group pre-posttest design. The study was conducted from July to September 2023 with 30 postpartum mothers who met the inclusion criteria with a purposive sampling technique, analysis with a paired t-test, and an independent t-test.
 Results: There is no significant difference in breast milk production before intervention between the SPEOS group with lavender aromatherapy and the SPEOS group with fennel aromatherapy, with a p-value of 0.66. After intervention, there is no significant difference in breast milk production between the SPEOS group with lavender aromatherapy and the SPEOS group with fennel aromatherapy, with a p-value of 0.28.
 Conclusion: The SPEOS method with both aromatherapy with lavender aromatherapy and fennel aromatherapy can increase breast milk production.

The Effect of Core Training Practices on Some Strength, Lower Limb Functions and Balance Performance in Judo Athletes

This study investigates the effects of core training on some strength, lower extremity functions, and balance performances in judoka. The study was based on a two-group pretest-posttest experimental design with repeated measures. The study included 12 female (F) judo athletes aged 12-18 years and 10 male (M) judo athletes aged 12-17 years. Three measurements for core strength (push-ups, planks, sit-ups), six different single leg hop tests (SLHT) for lower extremity muscle strength and YBT for balance were performed before and after 6-week core training. Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and Paired sample t-tests were used in statistical analyses. The increases in limb symmetry index (LSI) scores were remarkable. When the push-up and plank times and sit-up scores of F and M participants were compared with the pre-test, a significant increase was observed in favor of the post-test. When we examined the dominant (D) leg hop for distance, we found that M and F judoka's SLD, THD, MSTHD, MRHD, and CHD post-test scores all increased (except F; CHD) and also M and F showed better performance in SL6MD. Similar performance outputs were seen in the non-dominant (ND) leg hop for distance measurements (only not changed F; THND). Finally, it was valuable to note that both right and left leg YBT scores showed a considerable rise in the post-test assessments. As a result, core exercise practices may improve the sit-up score by improving the time in push-ups and planks in judoka. In addition, it may improve balance performance by affecting lower extremity functions.