In this study, a new two-dimensional (2D) weight function of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for semi-elliptical surface cracks in finite-thickness and finite-width plates subjected to arbitrary stress distributions was proposed. To determine the unknown coefficients in the weight function, parametric three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were developed to obtain the solutions of SIFs. The analysis matrix covers wide ranges of relative crack-length ratios 0.1 ≤ c/W ≤ 0.9, to consider the finite width effect, as well as aspect ratios 0.2 ≤ a/c ≤ 1.0 and relative crack-depth ratios 0.025 ≤ a/T ≤ 0.8. The present weight function was verified against the FE results and the solutions available in the literature. The maximum differences were within 6% for both the surface and deepest points. The proposed 2D weight function can be applied to calculate SIFs and predict the fatigue life of engineering structural components involving surface flaws.