Twin Peaks Research Articles

Designing metal chelates of halogenated sulfonamide Schiff bases as potent nonplatinum anticancer drugs using spectroscopic, molecular docking and biological studies

In this contribution, five Ni(II) complexes have been synthesized from sulfonamide-based Schiff bases (SB1–SB5) that comprise bromo or iodo substituents in the salicylidene moiety. The chemical structures of these compounds were extensively elucidated by different analytical and physicochemical studies. All ligands act as bidentate chelators with ON binding mode yielding octahedral, square planar, or tetrahedral geometries. The phenolic OH at δ 12.80 ppm in the free Schiff base SB2 vanishes in the 1H NMRspectrum of diamagnetic complex [Ni(SB2–H)2] favoring the OH deprotonation prior to the chelation with Ni(II) ion. The appearance of twin molecular ion peaks ([M − 1]+ and [M + 1]+) is due to the presence of bromine isotopes (79Br and 81Br) in the mass spectra of most cases. Also, the thermal decomposition stages of all complexes confirmed their high thermal stability and ended with the formation of NiO residue of mass 6.42% to 14.18%. Besides, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ligands and some selected complexes were evaluated. Among the ligands, SB4 showed superior antimicrobial efficacy with MIC values of 0.46, 7.54, and 0.95 µM against B. subtilis, E. coli, and A. fumigatus strains, respectively. The consortium of different substituents as two bromine atoms either at positions 3 and/or 5 on the phenyl ring and a thiazole ring is one of the reasons behind the recorded optimal activity. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the cytotoxicity screening (IC50) and molecular docking simulation outcomes that predicted a strong binding of SB2 (16.0 μM), SB4 (18.8 μM), and SB5 (6.32 μM) to the breast cancer protein (3s7s). Additionally, [Ni(SB4–H)2] (4.33 µM) has nearly fourfold potency in comparison with cisplatin (19.0 μM) against breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and is highly recommended as a promising, potent, as well as low-cost non-platinum antiproliferative agent after further drug authorization processes.

Disrupted and deranged: The formless and the abject in Twin Peaks: The Return

This article intends to explore the formlessness of the Woodsmen as unsettling characters in Twin Peaks: The Return (2017). Their lack of, or blurred, humanity and our misunderstanding of their origins, intentions and boundaries is disruptive enough to our senses that there exists a desire to abject them. It is through this abjection that we, as viewers of Twin Peaks (1990–91), experience a loss of self that permeates through the entirety of The Return. Yet, we return to watch the show, as we, as spectators, are drawn to that which confuses and repulses us. The Woodsmen serve as a metaphor for Season 3 in that they aid in our inability to interpret the show in the traditional sense of what a narrative is, could be or should be. Watching Twin Peaks: The Return is an unsettling experience, and the findings and connections drawn through this research serve as one – among many possible – explanations for this uncanniness, of our misunderstanding of a show that exists outside of traditional boundaries. Links will be drawn through this work of David Lynch and Mark Frost along with the theories and philosophies of Georges Bataille and Julia Kristeva, among others, with the intention of responding to the overarching question of why The Return was so difficult and unsettling to watch as viewers.

‘Make sense of it’: Cult and complex TV fandoms, post-Truth discourse and an excess of meaning in Twin Peaks: Season 3

The excess of mystery and ‘meaning’ in Twin Peaks: Season 3 (2017) reflects the post-truth ontological dissonance of information overload, tantalising the thirst for answers that dominates digital communication. Combining its clues and codes with payoffs for ‘long-term fan investments’ (Hills, 2020: 197) situates the series between two modes of fan participation: the curative puzzle-solving of complex ‘Quality TV’, and cult television’s ‘hyperdiegesis’. Season 3 is complex cult television, encouraging forensic and creative engagement. Replicating the polarisation of contemporary discourse while simultaneously promoting algorithmic literacy informs Mark Frost’s politicised vision for Twin Peaks, and David Lynch’s aesthetic experiments amplify this.

Lincoln the Woodsman: Native Americans and Obscene Patriarchs in Frost and Lynch’s Twin Peaks

Lincoln the Woodsman: Native Americans and Obscene Patriarchs in Frost and Lynch’s Twin Peaks

A VTA GABAergic computational model of dissociated reward prediction error computation in classical conditioning

Classical Conditioning is a fundamental learning mechanism where the Ventral Striatum is generally thought to be the source of inhibition to Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) Dopamine neurons when a reward is expected. However, recent evidences point to a new candidate in VTA GABA encoding expectation for computing the reward prediction error in the VTA. In this system-level computational model, the VTA GABA signal is hypothesised to be a combination of magnitude and timing computed in the Peduncolopontine and Ventral Striatum respectively. This dissociation enables the model to explain recent results wherein Ventral Striatum lesions affected the temporal expectation of the reward but the magnitude of the reward was intact. This model also exhibits other features in classical conditioning namely, progressively decreasing firing for early rewards closer to the actual reward, twin peaks of VTA dopamine during training and cancellation of US dopamine after training.

South Africa: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Systemic Risk Oversight and Macroprudential Policy

South Africa has made significant progress in strengthening its macroprudential policy framework and foundations since the 2014 FSAP. Institutional arrangements were overhauled by the 2017 Financial Sector Regulations Act that, among others, introduced the current ‘Twin Peaks’ structure, provided SARB with a strong financial stability mandate, and sought to foster interagency coordination and collaboration (including via the establishment of the Financial System Council of Regulators. As a result, South Africa has a hybrid macroprudential policy framework that combines a ‘strong’ decision maker in the SARB Governor, but that is importantly supported by an advisory committee structure, fostering effective cooperation and coordination. Systemic risk monitoring has also been enhanced and some macroprudential policy tools phased-in.

Networks of Twin Peaks: The Dale Cooper Effect

In this work, we analyse character networks in the cult TV show Twin Peaks. In the small-scale community network of Twin Peaks we discovered a new storytelling network phenomenon we called the Dale Cooper Effect, a phase transition in network structure. It is a sharp demarcation between the two statistically and topologically distinct networks of characters, where the point of demarcation is the protagonist himself (Special Agent Dale Cooper) introduced as a median character.

Twin peaks of in-hospital mortality among patients with STEMI across five phases of COVID-19 outbreak in China: a nation-wide study.

Lockdown and re-opening may become cyclical due to the recurrent waves of the COVID-19 epidemic. Few studies have examined temporal trends and determinants of in-hospital mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a life-threatening condition that requires emergency medical care. Using nation-wide data before, during and after the Wuhan lockdown, we aimed to depict temporal patterns and major determinants of STEMI in-hospital mortality in China across five time periods of the COVID-19 epidemic. We analyzed the data of 283,661 STEMI patients who were admitted to 4,487 chest-pain-centers across China, from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020. Compared with the period before the lockdown, STEMI in-hospital mortality increased by 25% (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.16–1.34) during Early Lockdown, by 12% (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.03–1.22) during Later Lockdown, by 35% (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.21–1.50) during Early Lift, and returned to pre-COVID risk (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.95–1.14) during Later Lift. For each time-period, we observed a clear mortality gradient by timing and types of revascularization procedure. In conclusion, the COVID-19 epidemic had a significant adverse impact on STEMI in-hospital mortality, with bimodal peaks during early lockdown and early lift periods and clear mortality gradients by timing and types of revascularization procedure, independent of the time periods.Supporting InformationThe supporting information is available online at 10.1007/s11427-021-2046-4. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of penindolone in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Penindolone (PND) is a novel influenza A virus dual inhibitor that blocks hemagglutinin-mediated adsorption and membrane fusion. A sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine PND in rat plasma. Plasma sample preparation was a simple deproteinization with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was carried out by electrospray ionization in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Linear detection responses were obtained for PND ranging from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviations, RSD) were within 6.5%, and accuracy (relative error, RE) was within ±11.0%. The extraction recovery data for PND and internal standard (IS) were >96.0%. PND was proved to be stable during the sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies for PND in rats. The results showed the existence of twin peaks, gender difference and nonlinear pharmacokinetics for PND. In addition, two oxidation metabolites and three glucuronidation metabolites of PND were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Kabbalah, "Dybbuks", and the Religious Posthuman in the Shakespearean Worlds of "Twin Peaks"

In the series Twin Peaks, Mark Frost, David Lynch and others create a mythological framework structured by and filtered through Shakespeare in a postsecular exploration of the posthuman. Twin Peaks exemplifies a cultural postsecular turn in its treatment of the posthuman, taking the religious and spiritual perspectives to new —and often extreme—heights in its use of Kabbalah and other traditions. Twin Peaks involves spiritual dimensions that tap into other planes of existence in which struggles between benign and destructive entities or forces, multiple universes, and extradimensional, nonhuman spirits question the centrality of the human and radically challenge traditional Western notions of being. Twin Peaks draws from Shakespeare’s expansive imagination to explore these dimensions of reality that include nonhuman entities—demons, angels, and other spirits—existing beyond and outside of fabricated, human-centered worlds, with the dybbuk functioning as the embodiment of the postsecular religious posthuman.

Do twin spectral peaks of olivine particles in the thermal infrared diagnose their sizes and porosities?

A well-established constraint on the size of non-porous olivine grains or the porosity of aggregates consisting of small olivine grains from prominent narrow peaks in thermal infrared spectra characteristic of crystalline silicates is reexamined. To thoroughly investigate thermal infrared peaks, we make theoretical argument for the absorption and scattering of light by non-porous, non-spherical olivine particles, which is followed by numerical verification. Our study provides perfectly rational explanations of the physics behind the small-particle effect of emission peaks in the framework of classical electrodynamics and convincing evidence of small-particle’s emission peaks in the literature. While resonant absorption excited by surface roughness on the order of submicrometer scales can be identified even for non-porous olivine particles with a radius of 10μm, it makes only a negligible contribution to thermal infrared spectra of the particles. In contrast, the porosity of non-spherical particles has a significant impact on the strength and wavelength of the peaks, while the resonant absorption excited by an ensemble of small grains takes place at a wavelength different than one expects for surface roughness. We finally reaffirm that twin peaks of olivine in thermal infrared spectra of dust particles in astronomical environments are the intrinsic diagnostic characters of submicrometer-sized small grains and their aggregate particles in fluffy and porous configurations.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of primaquine enantiomers in mice

BackgroundPrimaquine (PQ) has been used for the radical cure of relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria for more than 60 years. PQ is also recommended for prophylaxis and prevention of transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. However, clinical utility of PQ has been limited due to toxicity in individuals with genetic deficiencies in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). PQ is currently approved for clinical use as a racemic mixture. Recent studies in animals as well as humans have established differential pharmacological and toxicological properties of the two enantiomers of PQ. This has been attributed to differential metabolism and pharmacokinetics of individual PQ enantiomers. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the comparative pharmacokinetics (PK), tissue distribution and metabolic profiles of the individual enantiomers in mice.MethodsTwo groups of 21 male Albino ND4 Swiss mice were dosed orally with 45 mg/kg of S-(+)-PQ and R-(−)PQ respectively. Each of the enantiomers was comprised of a 50:50 mixture of 12C- and 13C- stable isotope labelled species (at 6 carbons on the benzene ring of the quinoline core). Three mice were euthanized from each group at different time points (at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h) and blood was collected by terminal cardiac bleed. Liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain were removed, extracted and analysed using UPLC/MS. The metabolites were profiled by tandem mass (MS/MS) fragmentation profile and fragments with 12C–13C twin peaks. Non-compartmental analysis was performed using the Phoenix WinNonLin PK software module.ResultsThe plasma AUC0-last (µg h/mL) (1.6 vs. 0.6), T1/2 (h) (1.9 vs. 0.45), and Tmax (h) (1 vs. 0.5) were greater for SPQ as compared to RPQ. Generally, the concentration of SPQ was higher in all tissues. At Tmax, (0.5–1 h in all tissues), the level of SPQ was 3 times that of RPQ in the liver. Measured Cmax of SPQ and RPQ in the liver were about 100 and 40 times the Cmax values in plasma, respectively. Similar observations were recorded in other tissues where the concentration of SPQ was higher compared to RPQ (2× in the spleen, 6× in the kidneys, and 49× in the lungs) than in the plasma. CPQ, the major metabolite, was preferentially generated from RPQ, with higher levels in all tissues (> 10× in the liver, and 3.5× in the plasma) than from SPQ. The PQ-o-quinone was preferentially formed from the SPQ (> 4× compared to RPQ), with higher concentrations in the liver.ConclusionThese studies show that in mice, PQ enantiomers are differentially biodistributed and metabolized, which may contribute to differential pharmacologic and toxicity profiles of PQ enantiomers. The findings on higher levels of PQ-o-quinone in liver and RBCs compared to plasma and preferential generation of this metabolite from SPQ are consistent with the higher anti-malarial efficacy of SPQ observed in the mouse causal prophylaxis test, and higher haemolytic toxicity in the humanized mouse model of G6PD deficiency. Potential relevance of these findings to clinical use of racemic PQ and other 8-aminoquinolines vis-à-vis need for further clinical evaluation of individual enantiomers are discussed.

The Twin Peaks of the Export Intensity Distribution

AbstractReceived wisdom suggests that most exporters sell most of their output domestically. We show, however, that the distribution of export intensity varies substantially across countries and is often bimodal, displaying “twin peaks”—that is, large shares of both low- and high-intensity exporters coexisting alongside each other within a country. We reconcile this new stylized fact with an otherwise standard model of trade in which firms face firm-destination-specific revenue shifters that follow a lognormal distribution with sufficiently high dispersion. We structurally estimate the model and show that differences in countries’ size relative to the rest of the world can account for most of the observed cross-country variation in the distribution of export intensity in our data. While policies that incentivize firms to export a high share of their output account for a substantial share of the variation in the dispersion of firm-destination revenue shifters, they cannot fully account for the widespread prevalence of twin peaks around the world.

Treating Customers Fairly (TCF) in the South African Banking Industry: Laying the Groundwork for Twin Peaks

This article examines South Africa's ‘Treating Customers Fairly’ (TCF) regime, deployed as aspirational from 2011, and its development into a legally binding regime with the imminent enactment of the Conduct of Financial Institutions Bill. TCF is principles-based and outcomes-determined, designed to protect financial consumers and ensure they are treated fairly and enjoy consistently good outcomes from financial service providers. The article examines enforcement and investigates current gaps in success by reference to Ombud data. The findings will be of relevance to other African countries contemplating the adoption of a Twin Peaks financial system regulatory regime of which TCF is a core component.

A comparative analysis of the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation in South Africa and the United Kingdom

This article examines the recent adoption of the Twin Peaks model by the United Kingdom and South Africa. An international and comparative analysis is provided. It observes that there is a gradual paradigm shift across the world towards the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation. There are slight variations in the design of the two countries’ Twin Peaks models. The variations in regulatory design indicate the flexibility of the Twin Peaks model and its adaptability to suit local conditions, regulatory culture, and the country’s specific needs. Therefore, while the South African model has drawn significantly from the experiences of other Twin Peaks jurisdictions, particularly the UK, South Africa has adopted the model to accommodate its own needs and unique characteristics. It is imperative for the success of the Twin Peaks model that it clearly delineates the objectives and functions of each regulator, and achieves effective co-ordination between them. This article warns that, given the potential overlaps and high levels of co-operation required between the different regulatory bodies in South Africa, there could be detrimental consequences if this complicated financial regulation regime is not properly managed.

On the global ionospheric diurnal double maxima based on GPS vertical total electron content

Ionospheric diurnal double maxima (DDM) is a twin-peak pattern in the ionospheric electron density/total electron content (TEC) during the daytime. Understanding the characteristics of DDM is essential to study the physical mechanisms of the ionosphere. In this paper, the vertical TEC data (VTEC) in 2019–2020 derived from 537 globally distributed GPS stations were used to investigate the DDM phenomenon. The results reveal that the occurrence rate of DDMs is roughly quasi-symmetrical about the magnetic equator. In the northern hemisphere, it first increases, then decreases, and finally increases with the increase of magnetic latitude. The DDM phenomenon also exhibits significant seasonal variation. It mainly appears in summer/winter in the northern/southern hemisphere, and the valley and the second peak usually appear earlier in winter and later in summer. According to the difference in the magnitude of the two peaks of DDM, the DDM phenomenon is mainly manifested as the front peak significant type or the posterior peak significant type. The probability of the former shows an M-shaped variation with increasing longitude in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and an inverted V-shaped variation in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere within 180°W~60°W. The probability of the posterior peak significant type shows a trend opposite to the front peak significant type in each area. The occurrence time of DDM structures is usually about one hour later in low-latitude regions than in other regions, and the duration is usually shorter than in other regions. The relative magnitude of the DDM’s twin peaks in low-latitude regions is usually smaller than in other regions.

From Association Copy

from Association Copy Brian Teare for Stephen Motika Nausea, collage, these works on paper— a way to begin ill again, everything unfinished. I’m still thinking about painting. San Francisco winter returns, its thin light rinsed and acidic, etching everything’s edges. At the museum we’re looking at panels by Ellsworth Kelly. I’m bored by their bright glossy geometry, and my friend Frances says something like “Imagine choosing not to use most of the tools at your disposal.” That’s useful for me. A poem begins when I’ve forgotten how to make one. I don’t know why. One day the tools are gone. As are the rules that guide their use. Then what. Another doctor’s appointment, first— disgust to give up to get rid of the language value of anything at all or to do the work to doubt that the work needs doing I open the notebook. I feel stupid, choosing making in the waiting room: pain scale, color field, patient history, pale tile of the clinic bathroom. Then what. Take a number. Why. Go on— [End Page 107] Being ill in my thirties is like certain paintings in the sixties, Agnes Martin saying yes to the grid and no to pretty much everything else. “Horizontal lines for forty years,” she says in documentary footage, “must be some kind of record.” Her certainty and discipline, her tape and ruler, those graphite lines floating on gesso. Abstraction seems double-voiced, saying yes to what, saying no to what, is what I ask, negotiating define object define event move the “inside” of the picturebetween invisible and visible, the ineffable and the clinic, what is considered to be the “material” flower fruit phallus book & vase what principles obeyed, what principles refused, embodied by what materials and processes, the morning I vomit between parked cars and stand up, fog rolling off Twin Peaks, not a drawing not a structurenot a speech not a construction with a stained collar I go to the doctor and now here is Jasper Johns, who writes in his sketchbook, “It is what it does. What can you do with it?” [End Page 108] During the years preceding her psychotic break and his breakup with Rauschenberg, Martin lived on Coenties Slip and Johns on Pearl Street, a short distance neither crossed to the other. Her biographer Nancy Princenthal argues that “Johns was developing a language that had much in common with Martin’s.” Would either ultimately agree with that? In the early sixties certain of their canvasses might have had a passing resemblance, but Martin’s metaphysical obsessions were in part informed by visionary experience. Johns had aesthetic obsessions in part informed by the gay male coterie of Rauschenberg, Cage, and Cunningham, and in part by art history, Duchamp in particular. Abstraction for her meant a fairly limited vocabulary, whereas for him it meant a rearrangementthe air must move in as well as out of “the painted space.” Not the grid’s fixity, but a dexterous restlessness, meaning’s mutability and manipulability no sadness just disaster [End Page 109] What’s the event that bisects a biography, after which nothing is the same? What’s the shape of the moment when you lose everything except your life? Double negative, skull against canvas. Outside the doctor’s office, my love and I part ways. I take a different route home, avoiding Dolores Park, its empty wintry hill. To ask another artist afterward: how do I do this? writing or painting as a way of writing or painting or as a way of doing something else another possibility way can be used to meanthis is the way I do this this is the way he does this this is the way he does it I do it this way The event’s so big my body can’t hold it. I need to build a structure it can live in. Lead section. Bronze junk. Glove. Glass. Brush. Dark glass → mouth. It swallows everything. I follow the taste of salt, thinking until the ambulance arrives. “What’s that even mean,” I hear myself saying to the EMT. Someone pulls a curtain across it...

Accountability in the twin peaks model of financial regulation in South Africa

The Financial Sector Regulation (FSR) Act 9 of 2017 implemented the first stage of the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation in South Africa. The Act established the Prudential Authority and the Financial Sector Conduct Authority to make the financial sector safer by using a more robust prudential and market conduct framework. The South African Reserve Bank received an enhanced mandate to promote and maintain financial stability. Since accountability is a core goal in financial regulation, this paper analyses the notion of accountability and specifically the accountability of the regulators in a Twin Peaks model of financial regulation. The legislative framework put in place by the FSR Act goes a long way in adhering to principles of accountability. The financial sector regulators are obliged to consult with various stakeholders such as the Minister of Finance and financial institutions. The regulators are subject to control measures, and Parliament holds them accountable. Nevertheless, the authors suggest that one more step is necessary. There should be more debate and engagement by the regulators with the general public to increase public knowledge of financial sector regulation in South Africa.

Femme4Femme: Remembering Cousin Robert

Cousin Robert was part of the Castro drag scene for seven decades before he died in 2019 at age ninety. He was born in the city and was a regular at Twin Peaks, back when the windows were covered up to protect from vice raids and angry locals. He lived way up on 17th Street, and I wonder how he managed to climb that steep hill in strappy heels. Robert told me that he always passed, so he didn't need to change out of his look before leaving the bar.As the only other queer in our biological family, I inherited his photo album when he died. These photos connect me to a legacy of San Francisco queer life before AIDS, ghosts smiling from blurry photos of the performance stage at Finocchios.So many transsexuals and drag queens kept scrapbooks and photo albums that were tossed by relatives when they died. If Robert Rossi had died in the plague with the rest of his chosen family, maybe that is what would have happened with these photos too. Instead I was able to claim them and am honored to share them with you, beloved queer and trans community. Here is Cousin Robert and our unknown ancestors.

Dynamics of Test Particles and Twin Peaks QPOs around Regular Black Holes in Modified Gravity

In this work, we have presented a detailed analysis of the event horizon of regular black holes (BHs) in modified gravity known as MOG, the so-called regular MOG BH. The motion of neutral particles around the BH has also been explored. The test particle motion study shows that the positive (negative) values of the MOG parameter mimic the spin of a rotating Kerr BH, providing the same values for the innermost stable pro-grade (retrograde) orbits of the particles in the range of the spin parameter a/M∈(−0.4125,0.6946). The efficiency of energy release from the accretion disk by the Novikov–Thorne model has been calculated, and the efficiency was shown to be linearly proportional to the increase of the MOG parameter α. Moreover, we have developed a new methodology to test gravity theories in strong-field regimes using precision data from twin-peaked quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) of objects calculating possible values of upper and lower frequencies. However, it is obtained that the positive MOG parameter can not mimic the spin of Kerr BHs in terms of the same QPO frequencies. We have provided possible ranges for upper and lower frequencies of twin-peak QPOs with the ratio of the upper and lower frequencies of 3:2 around regular MOG BHs in the different models. Moreover, as an example, we provide detailed numerical analysis of the QPO of GRS 1915+105 with the frequencies νU=168±5Hz and νL=113±3Hz. It is shown that the central BH of the QPO object can be a regular MOG BH when the value of the parameter is α=0.2844−0.1317+0.0074 and shines in the orbits located at the distance r/M=7.6322−0.0826+0.0768 from the central BH. It is also shown that the orbits where QPOs shine are located near the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of the test particle. The correlation between the radii of ISCO and the QPO orbits is found, and it can be used as a new theoretical way to determine ISCO radius through observational data from the QPOs around various compact objects.