Concentration Of Tween Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Based Novel Antiaging Synergistic Formulation

Aim: The present work was aimed to develop and evaluate polyherbal-based novel antiaging formulation.
 Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of pharmacy, B N University Udaipur, Department of Pharmacognosy, Divine College of pharmacy Satana between Feb 2019 to Apr 2021.
 Methods: The selected plant extract Moringa oleifera hydroalcoholic extract (2%), Juglans regia aqueous extract (1%), Vitis vinifera ethanolic extract (1.5%), Camellia sinensis cold water extract (1.8%), Punica granatum aqueous extract (2%) were optimized in o/w type herbal cream by incorporation of different concentration of stearic acid and Tween 60. The total 9 formulations were evaluated on the basis of preliminary, phytochemical screening, and accelerated stability study and confirm the C7 polyherbal formulation (PHF) were more stable, safe, and showed pseudo plastic flow.
 Results: The In-vitro free radical scavenging assay (DPPH Assay - IC50 56 ± 0.04 µg/ml and H2O2 scavenging assay - IC50 = 67±0.68 µg/ml) compared with standard Ascorbic acid and In-vitro anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity validate PHF as antioxidant and antiaging activity. The in vitro Anti-collagenase activity showed 89.5% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration of C7 formulation (IC50 = 54.62 μg/mL) and the standard Gallic acid showed 74.6% inhibition at 100 μg/mL (IC50 = 67.83 μg/mL). The in vitro Anti-elastase activity showed 67.5% inhibition at 250 μg/mL of C7 formulation (IC50 = 193.65 μg/mL) and copper sulphate solution used as standard showed 70.6% inhibition (IC50 = 772.42 μg/mL). The percent inhibition activity was observed that the C7 formulation is potential antiaging activity as compared to positive control.
 Conclusion: These studies conclude that the composition of PHF with a cream base increases the production of collagen and elastin which is responsible for the noteworthy synergistic antiaging activity.

An optimized approach to recovering O/W interfacial myofibrillar protein: Emphasizing on interface-induced structural changes

The structures of proteins on the interface of oil-in-water emulsions that influence the interfacial film strength are significant to the emulsions stabilization. It is expected that the interfacial protein could be fully recovered based on the competitive displacement of low-molecular surfactant, when the recovery approach and relative parameters are optimized, so that the structural properties of interfacial proteins can be evaluated to clarify their adsorption behaviour and film forming mechanism. In the present study, an optimized and efficient approach to fully recovering interfacial myofibrillar protein (MP) was established by optimizing protein concentration, Tween-20 concentration and different accelerating treatments (agitation or freeze-thawing), for interface-induced structural changes analysis. It was found that the interfacial MP in 2.5 mg/ml protein-stabilized emulsion could be fully recovered in 96 h with 4% (v/v) Tween-20 under agitation treatment. Freeze-thawing treatment could accelerate the desorption process by which interfacial MP in the above emulsion could be fully recovered in 3 cycles with 2% or 3% (v/v) Tween-20 but might cause damage to the MP structure. Based on the established recovery approach, it was concluded that the tertiary structure of interfacial MP unfolded to expose hydrophobic residue branch for interfacial adsorption and film formation, which further caused aggregation of desorbed MP through hydrophobic interaction. While the α-helix decreased due to interface-induced denaturation and the β-sheet increased to improve protein-protein interaction on the interface. These results provided an optimized strategy to analyze interfacial protein structure.

Enhancement of solubility of paclitaxel by applying factorial design

Background: The poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of antineoplastic drugs restrict the oral route for the cancer therapy. However, specific nanotechnologies developed to address this issue. The self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is an imperative tool in solving a lipophilic drug's low solubility and bioavailability issue. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat various kinds of cancer, especially ovarian and breast cancers. It has low aqueous solubility (0.3 μg/ml in water), resulting in poor bioavailability. This study focuses upon formulating SMEDDS incorporating PTX to increase the drug's aqueous solubility. Castor oil (Surfactant), Tween 80 (surfactant), and Transcutol (co-surfactant) were used to formulate SMEDDS. Two independent factors, concentrations of oil and surfactant, were chosen. Two dependent factors, emulsification time and in vitro drug release, were chosen. 32 factorial design analyses give a mathematical expression, which helps to study the effect of an independent factor on a dependent factor. All the nine formulations B1-B9 evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, and present drug content. Results: The globule size found is 127–217 nm range, which indicates the formation of the transparent microemulsion; zeta potential fields between −4.29 ± 1.1 and −33.05 ± 4.5 indicate suitable stable formulation. Nearly 63%–84% drug content suggests that the drug, incorporated into prepared SMEDDS. Statistical analysis shows that an increasing amount of surfactant decreases emulsification time; this may also reduce the average droplet size of the resultant microemulsion. With the increase in the concentration of tween 80, PTX release also increased. Rapid and more extent of PTX released from formulated SMEDDS indicate that the aqueous solubility of PTX has increased. B9 formulation is the optimized formulation based on higher per cent cumulative drug release 98% at the end of 60 min, 58% of pure PTX powder solubilized in the dissolution medium. Conclusion: In vitro drug release study proved that the prepared SMEDDS has acceptable properties of immediate release dosage forms. The enhanced solubility of PTX will increase its bioavailability.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Emulgator terhadap Karakterisasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

The formulation and physical characterization test of rosella extract cream preparations have been carried out using various types of non-ionic emulsifier concentration ratios (combination of tween 80 and span 80). Comparison of the concentrations of tween 80 and span 80 used in this study were 2%, 3%, and 4%. The aim of this study included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, dispersion test, and emulsion type test. The result obtained from the physical characterization test were the organoleptic tests for the three formulas showed the same organoleptic results, namely red color, characteristic smell of rosella, and semisolid consistency. Homogeinity test shows that the formula is homogenous. The pH test showed that F1 4,29; F2 4,6; F3 5. Viscosity test showed that F1 432,4 mPas; F2 434,3 mPas; 435,3 mPas. The dispersion test was carried out without using a load of 50 g, 100 g, and 200 g. the results shown form the spreadability test of three formulas were were F1 5 cm; 5,5 cm; and 6 cm; F2 6 cm; 6,35 cm; 7,25; and 7,5 cm. F3 6,25 cm; 7,5 cm; 7,75 cm; 8 cm. The emulsion type indicated by the three formulas is oil in water. Based on these results, it can be seen that the emulsifier concentration has an effect on PH, viscosity, and spreadibility. The higher the concentration of emulsifier used, the higher pH value, viscosity, and spreadibility.

Formulation and Optimization of Furosemide Snedds With Variation Concentration of Tween 80 and PEG 400

Furosemide is a potent diuretic drug that has low bioavailability. Furosemide can be formulated into nanoemulsion preparations using the SNEDDS method to increase its bioavailability as SNEDDS can form stable nanoemulsions with droplet sizes 200 nm. This study aims to identify the optimum formula for variations in the concentration of surfactant Tween 80 and cosurfactant PEG 400 based on the characterization tests of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The independent variables used in this study were Tween 80 and PEG 400. Seven furosemide SNEDDS formulas from the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method were tested for characterization in the form of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The characterization results were optimized using Simplex Lattice Design. The optimum formula was re-characterized, including emulsification time, percent transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro dissolution. The results were then compared with theoretical values and analyzed using the One-Sample T-test method. Optimization results showed Tween of 61.4922% and PEG 400 of 18.5078% with the characterization of emulsification time 15.25 seconds, percentage transmittance 94.20%, drug loading 50 100.2 ppm, particle size 12.18 nm. Furthermore, the zeta potential was -17.6 mV, and the in vitro dissolution rate reached 106.71% within 15 minutes.

Development of a novel polymer-based carrier for deformable liposomes for the controlled dermal delivery of naringenin

In recent years, the incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, presenting a significant burden on healthcare services. Chemotherapy intervention is often not appropriate for all patients due to localized adverse effects on skin physiology. The aim of this study was, therefore, to consider the development of a novel phytochemical-based deformable liposomal formulation suspended in an aqueous gel for the controlled-release of naringenin. Naringenin is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory agent, and immune system modulator thus may be potentially useful as a pharmacological anti-cancer agent. Formulated liposomes incorporating an increasing loading of Tween 20 (from 0% w/w to 10% w/w) demonstrated a significant decrease in deformability index (DI) (80.71 ± 2.02–59.17 ± 4.42 %), indicating an increase in elasticity. The release of naringenin over 24 h was directly affected by Tween-20 concentration, decreasing from 100.72%±4.98% to 79.53%±3.68% for 0% and 2% w/w Tween 20, respectively. Further, the incorporation of deformable liposomes into hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gels resulting in a further retardation of naringenin release, 23.21%±1.17% and 19.83%±1.50%, respectively, over 24 h. Incubation of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-loaded liposomes with human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and keratinocyte cells demonstrated intracellular accumulation within 2 h, confirming deformable liposomes may be beneficial in improving drug penetration across dermal cells and would be valuable in emerging controlled-release formulations.

Eudragit S-100 Surface Engineered Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Colon Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil: Optimization and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most preferred chemotherapeutic agent in the management of colon cancer but is associated with poor therapeutic efficacy and lack of site specificity. Hence, it was aimed to employ Eudragit S100 surface engineered 5-FU nanostructured lipid carriers for the spatial and temporal release of the drug for the treatment of colon cancer. Hot high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was employed in the preparation of 5-FU-NLCs. The optimization of 5-FU-NLCs was performed using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. A 32 factorial design was employed wherein the relationship between independent variables [amount of oleic acid (X1) and concentration of Tween®80 (X2)] and dependent variables [particle size (Y1) and % entrapment efficiency (Y2)] was studied. Optimized 5-FU-NLCs were surface treated to obtain Eudragit S100-coated 5-FU-NLCs (EU-5-FU-NLCs). The evaluation parameters for 5-FU-NLCs and EU-5-FU-NLCs included surface morphology, particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. In vitro release from EU-5-FU-NLCs revealed a selective and controlled 5-FU release in the colonic region for 24 h. In vitro cytotoxicity (MTT assay) was performed against Caco-2 cancer cells, wherein EU-5-FU-NLCs exhibited a 2-fold greater cytotoxic potential in comparison to a 5-FU solution (5-FU-DS). Oral administration of EU-5-FU-NLCs in Albino Wistar rats depicted a higher Cmax (2.54 folds) and AUC (11 folds) as well as prolonged Tmax (16 folds) and MRT (4.32 folds) compared to 5-FU-DS confirming higher bioavailability along with the spatial and temporal release in the colonic region. Thus, a multifaceted strategy involving abridgement of nanotechnology along with surface engineering is introduced for effective chemotherapy of colon cancer via oral administration of 5-FU with uncompromised safety and higher efficacy.Graphical abstract.

Optimisasi Tween 80 dan Span 80 Sebagai Emulgator dalam Formula Krim Tabir Surya Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana M.) dan Nanopartikel Seng Oksida Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Avocado leaves contain flavonoid which act as antioxidant whereas nanoparticles of zinc oxide can protect the skin against a wide spectrum of UV. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variation of Tween 80 and span 80 as emulsifier and determine the optimum formula of sunscreen scream containing ethanol extract of avocado leaves and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Avocado leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol. Nano zinc oxide is obtained by the High Energy Ball Milling technique and characterized using Particle Size Analyzer. Determination of the optimal cream formula with variations in the concentration of Tween 80 and Span 80 is done by Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The maceration resulted ethanolic extract of avocado leaves with a yield of 34.4%. The synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained showed 179.47±5.98 nm in diameter. The results showed that increasing concentrations of Tween 80 and decreasing concentration of Span 80 increased spreadability but decreased the viscosity and adhesiveness of creams. The SPF evaluation of creams showed a medium protection category (SPF>15). The optimum formula was obtained with the ratio of Tween 80 and Span 80 was 7,8 and 3,2%, respectively, with the desirability value of 0.863.

Development of organogel-based emulsions to enhance the loading and bioaccessibility of 5-demethylnobiletin

5-Demethylnobiletin (5-DMN), identified in the aged citrus peels, has received increasing attentions due to its outstanding bioactivity among citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). However, the poor water solubility and high crystallinity limit its oral bioavailability. Besides, the solubility of 5-DMN in the oil is very limited, which restricts its loading capacity in emulsions for bioavailability enhancement. In this study, an organogel formulation was developed to improve the solubility of 5-DMN in medium-chain triacylglycerols by 3.5 times higher without crystal formation during 5-day storage at room temperature. Increasing the gelator (i.e., sugar ester) concentration led to the increase of viscosity and a gel-like structure of the organogel. The ternary phase diagram of organogel-based emulsions was explored, and 40% organogel was selected as the oil phase for emulsion preparation. Increasing the concentration of Tween 80 from 0% to 6% decreased the droplet size and viscoelasticity of the emulsions. Two in vitro models, the pH-stat lipolysis model and TNO gastro-intestinal model (TIM-1), were applied to investigate the bioaccessibility of 5-DMN in different delivery systems. Compared with the conventional emulsion and oil suspension, the pH-stat lipolysis demonstrated that the organogel-based emulsion was the most efficient tool to enhance 5-DMN bioacccessibility. Moreover, TIM-1 digestive study indicated that 5-DMN bioaccessibility delivered by organogel-based emulsions was about 3.26-fold higher than that of oil suspension. Our results suggested that the organogel-based emulsion was an effective delivery route to enhance the loading and bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds of high crystallinity.

Nanoemulsion of cinnamon essential oil Co-emulsified with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Tween-80: Antibacterial activity, stability and slow release performance

Essential oils (EOs) are gaining great interest as alternatives to synthetic food preservatives due to their antimicrobial activity. However, EOs are hydrophobic and easy to evaporate. In this research, EOs were encapsulated in nanoemulsions with the aid of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) to protect the ingredients and sustain the release, so as to exert long-term antibacterial effects. The influence of HPCD and its concentration on cinnamon essential oil (CEO) nanoemulsion formation, antibacterial activity, release property and stability was investigated. The results showed that HPCD reduced the particle size of nanoemulsion as the concentration of Tween 80 ranged from 2 to 4 g/L. However, HPCD addition showed adverse effect as the content of Tween 80 was 5 g/L. Antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the addition of HPCD contributed to the increase of antimicrobial activity of CEO nanoemulsions and showed the best effect when the concentration of HPCD was 30 g/L. The release experiment proved the slow-release ability of HPCD, and showed that the cavity of HPCD helped to reduce the loss of CEO, thus delayed the release time and enhanced the antibacterial effect. Meanwhile, the use of HPCD contributed to the storage stability of the emulsion at 4, 25, and 40 °C, and the nanoemulsion remained stable during a storage period of 60 days.

Low concentration of Tween-20 enhanced the adhesion and biofilm formation of Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite surface

Although Tween-20 was used as an important catalyst to increase chalcopyrite bioleaching rate by acidophiles, the effect of Tween-20 on initial adhesion and biofilm development of acidophiles on chalcopyrite has not been explored until now. Herein, the role of Tween-20 in early attachment behaviors and biofilm development by Acidianus manzaensis strain YN-25 were investigated by adhesion experiments, adhesion force measurement, visualization of biofilm assays and a series of analyses including extended Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bacterial adhesion experiments showed that 2 mg/L of Tween-20 increased the adhesion percentage (by 8%) of A. manzaensis YN-25. Tween-20 could promote the early adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 by changing the Lewis acid-base interaction and electrostatic force to increase total interaction energy and adhesion force. Besides, the functional groups on the surface of cells (carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups) contributed to the adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite. Furthermore, the promotion of biofilm formation by Tween-20 was mainly attributed to the reduction of S0 passivation layer formation and complexing more Fe3+ on chalcopyrite surface, contributing to the erosion of chalcopyrite and creating more corrosion pits. Live/dead staining showed low live/dead ratio (ranged from 0.35 to 1.32) during the biofilm development process. This report offers a better understanding of the effects of Tween-20 on attachment and biofilm development of acidophilic microorganisms and would lay a theoretical foundation for the better application of catalyst in bioleaching.

Enhancement and analysis of Anthracene degradation by Tween 80 in LMS-HOBt

This study examines the specific effect of Tween 80 on the conversion of anthracene (ANT) in laccase medium system regarding surfactant chemical changes and mechanism. The conversion rate and degradation products of ANT were investigated in different concentrations of Tween 80 solution. Between Tween 80 concentration 0–40 critical micelle concentrations (CMC), the kinetic parameter-k (h−1) and corresponding half-life T1/2 decreased with increasing concentration. When Tween 80 was above 20 CMC the laccase-medium system converted > 95% of ANT to anthraquinone within 12 h. During the entire enzymatic reaction, the laccase activity in the system increased with increasing Tween 80 concentration. Combined with GC/MS analysis of the product, it was speculated that hydrogens belonging to the ether-oxygen bond and carbon–carbon double bond α-CH of Tween 80, were removed by the laccase-media system, promoting its degradation. Additionally, enhanced activity caused by oxygen free radicals (ROS) such as RO• and ROO•, continuously oxidized Tween 80, which in turn produced free radicals while converting ANT. This study provides new theoretical support toward the application of surfactants in the elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoemulsion Andaliman Aroma Compound

Andaliman is widely used in culinary and medicine for a long time ago. However, it has a short storage life, so it takes a preservation process. The study aims to create the synthesis of the Andaliman aroma compound and its characterization. The synthesis process is conducted with several variables such as oleoresin concentration range of 10 and 20 wt% and type of surfactants such as Tween 80, mixed of Tween 80:20 (50:50 wt%) and Tween 20. The homogeneous Maltodextrin solution and gum Arabic solution, called solution 1 and 2, are created by using ultra turrax with a speed of 18,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Then they are mixed with a comparative composition 2:3 as wall material. After that, the mixture is added by three different types of surfactants such as Tween 80, mixed Tween 80 and 20 (1:1), and Tween 20. Andaliman nanoemulsion is generated by mixing Andaliman oleoresin, wall materials, and water with two different compositions, such as 10:20:100 and 20:20:100 and also nine wt% of surfactants. Their treatment mixing is similar to the manufacture of wall materials. The characterization of nano emulsification was conducted by analyzing droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), emulsion stability index (ESI), and viscosity. The study results showed that mixed 20 wt% oleoresin concentration and emulsifier of Tween 20 produced 100% of ESI value with a particle size of 68.5 nm and zeta potential of -44.95 in which showed the stability of both emulsion and nanometer-sized particle.

Rhodamine B phenylhydrazide as a new chemosensor for sulfite quantification: Application to food samples

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the quantification of sulfite at trace level has been proposed. The method is based on the change in the intensity of the color developed on reaction of sulfite with Rhodamine-B Phenyl hydrazide (RBPH) in aqueous micellar medium. The experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of RBPH and Tween 80 have been optimized and calibration plot has been constructed. The proposed method offers a wide linearity in the concentration range 0–15 ppm of sulfite. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.006 and 1.5 ppm respectively, with the regression co-efficient R2 = 0.992. The proposed method has been successfully applied to measure the trace level sulfite in food samples such as tomato ketchup, jam, dry grapes, sugar and wine. Comparison of the developed method with standard protocol showed good recoveries.

Formulation and Characterization of Glibenclamide Solid Lipid Submicroparticles Formated by Virgin Coconut Oil and Solid Matrix Surfactant

Glibenclamide has the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II which has high permeability and low solubility. The solubility of glibenclamide can be enhanced by forming solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). This research has the aim to prepare and characterize SLN loading glibenclamide. The glibenclamide SLN formula was composed by using the liquid lipid as virgin coconut oil (VCO), PEG 6000 as a solid matrix, tween 80 with various concentrations as a stabilizer, and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Characterization was conducted by determining the encapsulation efficiency (%EE), size measurement, particle size distribution, and zeta potential of SLN glibenclamide. SLN formation was also tested for its physical stability based on the heating-cooling cycle method. The optimum formula was obtained at the concentration of tween-80 of 1 mg/mL yielding the %EE value of 60.6194%, and pH 6.01. The results of particles diameter analysis were 175.5 ± 10.07 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.1270, and zeta potential of +5.9 mV respectively. Stability testing by the heating-cooling cycle method has shown the instability of the SLN glibenclamide form under extreme temperatures and mechanics. It could be concluded that the results of characterization of glibenclamide SLN showed appropriate physical properties for nanoparticulate formulation.

Nanoliposomal encapsulation of chia oil for sustained delivery of α‐linolenic acid

SummaryChia oil is a popular source of ω‐3 fatty acids, typically α‐linolenic acid. This study reports the encapsulation of chia oil in nanoliposome to protect ω‐3 fatty acids and to obtain a sustained release of chia oil during digestion. Nanoliposomal encapsulation was carried out using solvent evaporation, followed by sonication. The encapsulation process was conducted using different lipid contents, with different concentrations of soy phosphatidylcholine (S), Tween 80 (T) and volumes of the aqueous phase. The maximum encapsulation efficiency was found to be 88.31%, and the average particle size was 49.25 nm; a moderate repulsion among the particles was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry study revealed enhanced thermal stability of chia oil in nanoliposomes. A negligible release (3.39%) of encapsulated chia oil was observed in the simulated gastric fluid, and a 74.72% sustained release was recorded in the simulated intestinal fluid. This formulation can be a suitable supplement of ω‐3 fatty acids for food and therapeutic applications.

Solubilization and thermodynamic properties of simvastatin in various micellar solutions of different non-ionic surfactants: Computational modeling and solubilization capacity.

The aim of this work was to solubilize simvastatin (SIM) using different micellar solutions of various non-ionic surfactants such as Tween-80 (T80), Tween-20 (T20), Myrj-52 (M52), Myrj-59 (M59), Brij-35 (B35) and Brij-58 (B58). The solubility of SIM in water (H2O) and different micellar concentrations of T80, T20, M52, M59, B35 and B58 was determined at temperatures T = 300.2 K to 320.2 K under atmospheric pressure p = 0.1 MPa using saturation shake flask method. The experimental solubility data of SIM was regressed using van’t Hoff and Apelblat models. The solubility of SIM (mole fraction) was recorded highest in M59 (1.54 x 10−2) followed by M52 (6.56 x 10−3), B58 (5.52 x 10−3), B35 (3.97 x 10−3), T80 (1.68 x 10−3), T20 (1.16 x 10−3) [the concentration of surfactants was 20 mM in H2O in all cases] and H2O (1.94 x 10−6) at T = 320.2 K. The same results were also recorded at each temperature and each micellar concentration of T80, T20, M52, M59, B35 and B58. “Apparent thermodynamic analysis” showed endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution/solubilization of SIM in H2O and various micellar solutions of T80, T20, M52, M59, B35 and B58.

Synthesis of an environmentally quercetin nanoemulsion to ameliorate diabetic-induced cardiotoxicity

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure. In this current research work, we aimed to attenuate cardiac toxicity and DNA damage in experimental diabetes by administration of quercetin nanoemulsion. Different concentrations of stabilizing agents and surfactant agent (Tween 80) were used as covering coat for the formed quercetin nanoemulsion (QCTN). Additionally, depending on the utilized concentration of Tween 80, three different QCTN were produced and nominated as QCTN-1, QCTN-2 and QCTN-3. The three different nanoemulsions had different sizes in nanometers. Different tools were utilized to examine the particle shape, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential studies. Methods: fifty-six male albino rats were used in this study and divided into seven groups including control, diabetic, quercetin, and treated groups. Blood glucose level, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were determined. In addition, cardiac indices and enzymes were also estimated. The findings illustrated that there is a significant elevation in cardiac indices and enzymes in the diabetic group compared to control. Whereas quercetin significantly attenuated these all parameters. In addition, QCTN-2 that exhibited the smallest size (53 nm) and excellent zeta potential (−36 mv) provided the best impact as shown from the treated diabetic rats (treated III) followed by QCTN-1 and finally the treated rats (treated IV) that injected with QCTN-3 which is still more potent than pure QCT. These results indicated the role of therapeutic nanoemulsion in enhancing polyphenolic compounds like quercetin.

Production optimization of green coffee extracts from Jember robusta (Coffeacanephora) coffee using foam mat drying method

Robusta coffee contains around 10% polyphenol compounds. The roasting process could change the chemical composition and biological activity ofcoffee thusreduced polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Production of the green coffee extract was performed by foam mat drying method, whichrequiresencapsulating materials such as maltodextrin and foaming agent tween 80. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of maltodextrin and tween 80 to obtain high phenol content and strong antioxidant activity of green coffee extract powder. This research used Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design using two factors namely maltodextrin concentration (12%; 17%; 22%) and tween 80 (0.4%, 0.9%; 1.4%). The optimum solution results were obtained in the treatment of maltodextrin and tween 80 concentrations of 14.78% and tween 80 of 0.93% which produced green coffee extract powder with a total phenol content of 183.639 mg GAE/g and IC50 values of 25.187 ppm.

Karakteristik Enkapsulat Teh Instan Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) pada Perlakuan Penambahan Emulsifier Tween 80

The aims of research were to know the effect of addition emulsifier tween 80 on the making of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. instant tea, and to determine the addition of the best tween 80 emulsifier to the Cosmos caudatus Kunth. instant tea. This research used a simple randomized block design, wich the concentration of tween 80 as the factor. The concentration of tween 80 used in this research are 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and then processed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the concentration of tween 80 influenced the yield, solubility, total flavonoids, brightness level, redness level, yellowish level, and texture organoleptic tests which included stickiness, dryness and smoothness. The best treatment based on physicochemistry was obtained by adding 1% concentration of tween 80, with a yield value at 11.08 %, solubility at 96.77%, total flavonoids at 9.1041 mg QE/g, the level of brightness (L*) at 36.49, the level of redness (a*) at 19.36, and the level of yellowish (b*) at 30.63. Based on the results of the organoleptic test, respondendts chose treatment without the addition of tween 80, with a stickiness texture value at 4.20 (not sticky),, dryness at 4.60 (dry), and smoothness at 4.75 (smooth).
 Keywords : Cosmos caudatus Kunth. leaves, instant tea, encapsulation, tween 80