TV Stations Research Articles

Tax Havens as an Inseparable Element of Regional and Global Economy

The three recent major tax scandals, dubbed ‘Lux Leaks’ (2014), ‘Panama Papers’ (2016) and ‘Paradise Papers’ (2017), were on the front pages of the world’s most popular newspapers and the topic of prime time discussion on leading TV and radio stations. The reports spoke of hundreds of influential people from all over the world, as well as thousands of well-known companies and institutions with international reach. The common element between these businesses, companies, institutions and prominent persons from more than fifty countries was money; more specifically, each of the scandals involved hundreds of billions of dollars in unpaid taxes lost by treasuries of countries across five continents. Interestingly enough, the problem remains unsolved despite official efforts to curtail practices used in tax havens and the public outrage against concealing income by members of the establishment or well-liked actors and sportspeople. Have tax havens become an inherent part of regional and global economy? What do these countries really do? What is their role in the modern world? Who benefits from their existence and activities and who loses? Why is it such a difficult endeavour to reduce the scale of their operations, influence and reach? It appears interesting to attempt to provide at least a brief answer to these questions.

Technical Change and Superstar Effects: Evidence from the Rollout of Television

Superstar generate large compensation differentials among similarly talented individuals. Are superstar effects amplified by technological innovations that extend the scale over which talent is deployed? I test this idea in the market for entertainers, using the roll-out of television as a natural experiment which provides clean variation in a scale-related technological change. The launch of a local TV station increases top entertainers' incomes, resulting in a twofold increase in top-percentile income share, while reducing employment and incomes of lower-level talents. These results show clear evidence of superstar effects and are inconsistent with canonical models of skill-biased technological change.

Russian Aggression of Ukraine from the Perspective of CNN, PBS, and Fox News – Analysis of Facebook Posts

The article presents different ways of reporting the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022 by three American TV stations: CNN, PBS, and Fox News. Our study covered and categorized Facebook posts published between February 24th and May 31st. The analysis revealed three main themes around which reports about the war have been focused: the United States, Ukraine, and Russia, each one was treated differently by each station. The article shows and discusses the differences between them. The article also presents the overall context of discussing the war in Ukraine, which, right after it started, consisted of three main perspectives: 1) reports from the battlefield; 2) words and actions of Biden, Zelensky, and Putin; and 3) sanctions on Russia.

A brief analysis of the new impetus for the integration and development of Chinese traditional TV media: "internet celebrity" CCTV host

In today's media convergence environment, the continuous development of media technology, the continuous change of communication media and the continuous subdivision of the types of information users. As a traditional mainstream media, it is a fact that the dominant position of TV has been shaken. And the status of TV presenters who work for TV stations is also at stake. In the past, the development of traditional media towards the integration of new media mostly stayed at the level of technology and content, rarely involving the participation of TV presenters. With the help of the TV host's popular screen image and influence, it is precisely the advantage and breakthrough point for the traditional TV media to get out of the development dilemma. This article analyzes the contribution of this new trend to the integration and development of traditional media based on the phenomenon of "online celebrity" CCTV hosts who frequently appear in microblog hot searches in China recently.

An Analysis of the Project Incubation Model of Self-produced TV Dramas in the New Media Era

With the advent of the information age, the application of digital technology on the Internet has become more and more popular. Mobile phones, the Internet and other emerging media have brought a drastic impact on the traditional media era, and the status of traditional media is slowly weakening. Nowadays, new media devices and video websites are gradually becoming active in people’s lives, and the increasingly sophisticated digital means have led to the rapid rise of new media. Against this backdrop, traditional media are being squeezed to a great extent. In addition to being dominated by new media in terms of communication channels, the voice of traditional media in the market is also threatened to a certain extent. In addition to the problems of the traditional media themselves, and the lagging nature of the traditional media that is not in tune with the development of the times, the traditional media industry, especially the TV side and TV people, are gradually facing more pressure. Under pressure, there must be innovation. How traditional TV media can change and innovate requires us to rise to the occasion and be fully prepared for the current environment, and self-produced dramas are one of the paths that TV stations need to explore.

Metaphorical Construction of Marriage among Kenyan Swahili Speakers

This study investigates how Kenyans conceptualize marriage. It employs Metaphor Identification Procedure in identifying metaphors on marriage as they are used by Kenyan Swahili speakers. Data for this research is drawn from “Mawaidha na Bi. Msafwari” a programme aired on Citizen TV (a Kenyan TV station) every Saturday evening after the seven o’clock news. The metaphors are then subjected to analysis using The Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study concludes that marriage is construed in different ways by Kenyan Swahili speakers, it is conceptualized as a house, an eatery, a prison, a school, a journey, a road, a body, a government/ kingdom, a garden, a war, a relationship and as a baby. The various conceptualizations by Kenyans determine their attitudes and general orientation towards marriage.

Marketing of Early Childhood Education Institution: Covid-19 Pandemic Vs. Normal

The new normal era resulted in many factors, including early childhood education institutions, such as the Primagama Kindergarten in Yogyakarta. The life and death of an institution lie in how the marketing of the educational institution is. This study aims to describe the marketing strategy, impact, and marketing barriers of Primagama Yogyakarta Kindergarten in the New Normal Era. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. They were collecting data by observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis uses the Milles and Huberman model. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. This study indicates that the marketing of the Primagama Yogyakarta Kindergarten institution begins with building a brand with show ups, collaboration with TV stations, radio, mass media, and active social media. Furthermore, the marketing of Primagama Kindergarten begins with market research, determining various strategies such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and website and controlling by collecting suggestions from various parties. The era of the marketing pandemic is carried out by maximizing social media. The marketing impact of the pandemic era is the lack of offline customers. This is because there are obstacles in the pandemic era, including the limitation of meeting face to face, the government's appeal for a ban on face-to-face contact, and the declining purchasing power of the people. The research findings contribute to marketing strategies for early childhood education institutions in the pandemic era that can use social media.

Emotional Dynamics, Dialogue, And Organizational Innovativeness Of Indonesian Private Tv Stations

Currently, researchers tend to suggest a socially based approach to address the challenge of innovation rather than an economic approach which often fails to address the challenge. This study examines the relationship between emotional dynamics as an independent variable, organizational innovativeness as the dependent variable, and dialogue as a mediator in Indonesian private television broadcasting institutions. Data is collected from 132 respondents who are creative workers at Indonesian private tv stations. Prior to hypotheses testing, this study conducted a factor analysis to check the construct validity of all variables under study. This study used multiple regression analysis to examine direct relationships and two-step hierarchical regression to examine mediating effect. The results show that emotional dynamics have a significant effect on organizational innovativeness and dialogue. The results also show that dialogue partially mediates the relationship between emotional dynamics and organizational innovativeness. This study found that organizational innovativeness can be achieved by those who apply: an open culture, a climate of discussion about new ideas, and a climate of mutual respect. The study also reveals that dialogue is a very important tool that mediates the relationship between open culture and organizational innovativeness. This study proposes that organizational age and the influence of national culture need to be considered for further research on social-based innovation.
 Keywords: emotional dynamics, dialogue, organizational innovativeness, Indonesian private tv stations

What Is at Stake in the Interaction between Media Arts and Cultural Industries in Lebanon

What Is at Stake in the Interaction between Media Arts and Cultural Industries in Lebanon

The Image of Women Strike in “Wiadomości” TVP and “Fakty” TVN news services from October 22 until November 2 2020, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

The article presents an analysis of the contents of news stories broadcasted by the news services of two leading Polish TV stations dedicated to the social protests sparked by the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal of 22 October 2020 on tightening the law on abortion in Poland. Moreover, a closer look was taken on the frequency and method of connecting the coverage of the protests with the matter of COVID-19 pandemic. The obtained results were set in the context, of the theory of the framing and agenda-setting. The outcome of the analyses presents essential differences in the methods in informing the public of the social protests used by the newsroom of ”Wiadomości” TVP and ”Fakty” TVN.

Prawda czy fałsz w polityce informacyjnej? Wiarygodność telewizyjnych newsów a opinie polskich widzów w pierwszym kwartale pandemii COVID-19

The authors studied the opinions of a randomly selected group of 100 respondents on the subject of policy of Polish and English language television services broadcasted at the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous online survey asked respondents about the accuracy and reliability of the information, with the goal of understanding of how much respondents were aware of the influence of all news on their political views and attitude. Media content analysis, critical analysis of literature, as well as comparative and statistical methods were analysed in conjunction with the responses to provide a wider context. The authors were also interested in learning: 1) if people would choose the same TV station, 2) their approval rating of the incumbent president, and finally, 3) whether their preferences would be in line with the official ranking data. The authors concluded that the respondents’ recognition of the credibility of the new sources facilitated the formation of political views, and in the process, their choices.

Strategy of the Majalengka Regency Tourism and Culture Office in Promoting Paragliding Tourism Destinations

This research is backgrounded by the huge potential of tourism sector in Majalengka but in fact it cannot be maximized by the government. One of the most popular tourist destinations this time is Paragliding. Although the promotion has been carried out by the local government through tourism and cultural office of majalengka, even it has been covered by national TV stations, but still the visit to paragliding is only dominated by local tourists. This is a problem because paragliding tourist destination is like march in place even though the promotions have been made. This study explored using marketing communication theory that focuses on 5 dimensions of the promotion mix, namely: advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations. In addition, the concept of promotion strategy that divides into two types, namely: push strategy and pull strategy is used to determine the promotion strategy applied by the tourism and culture office of Majalengka. The concept of tourist destinations that focuses on 5 variables: attraction, accessibility, amenities, ancillary services, and institutions are used to explore paragliding tourism destination itself. The research was carried out with a qualitative methodology of constructivism paradigm. The results showed that the tourism and culture department of Majalengka did not run maximally the promotion mix as it should be, advertising was not carried out continuously and periodically, public relations was not conducted, direct marketing was still done in traditional ways such as the use of pamphets and CDs.

Kurdish women and TV journalism in Iraqi Kurdistan: Experiences and strategies

Few studies on female TV journalists in the Middle East have been conducted. Neither have Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts been used to analyse women journalists’ experiences of their professional practice and their strategies for navigating a male-dominated media world in the Middle East. For this unique study, ten Kurdish women journalists that work for six different TV stations in Iraqi Kurdistan were interviewed. Informed by different forms of capital, the thematic analysis revealed four themes that capture the respondents’ experiences and strategies: coping with perceptions of pretty dolls and honorary men; coping with the threat of violence and a bad reputation; coping with the gendered distribution of news assignments; and tackling glass ceilings and unwritten rules. A particularly interesting result of the study was that while the strategies range from proclaiming any news hard news to openly defying orders from the managers, and to claiming that one’s ability to advance depends on having a strong personality, the focus is consistently on individualistic survival strategies. When masculinity and male norms still dominate the contents of symbolic capital, it may result in seemingly counterproductive practices such as the lack of a distinct ‘we’ feeling among women journalists. For women journalists, the cost of transforming their cultural and social capital into symbolic capital that is effective in the journalistic field is affected by both the journalistic field and the society at large, which creates contextually bound obstacles to women journalists in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The Effect of Corporate Media Ownership on the Depth of Local Coverage and Issue Agendas: A Computational Case Study of Six Sinclair TV Station Websites

Sinclair Broadcast Group owns over 170 US television stations. Using agenda setting and agenda cutting as a theoretical lens, this study quantifies the effect of Sinclair ownership by analyzing over 340,000 news stories from six station websites over 4 years through time series modeling. Sinclair ownership negatively changes total news stories output for all six outlets. The percentage of news that is local continues to decline at all but one website. This decline predates Sinclair but continues to date. Stations appear to rely on syndicated (a.k.a., reposted) coverage more than ever, but this again predates Sinclair. An agenda cutting effect was observed; Sinclair cut party politics coverage at all six stations.

The Ibtihalat in the Digital Age: Public and Private Domains

One of the most popular cultures in Islam is the genre of “hymns” or “invocations” (pl. ibtihalat, sing. ibtihal), which has recently been amplified on social media platforms. The ibtihalat are Arabic short poems performed by a sheikh known as the “supplicator” (mubtahil). They air regularly on Arabic TV stations and more frequently on radio stations, especially those broadcasting about the Qur’an, its recitation, and its interpretation. In Egypt, the Qur’an’s radio station, which has millions of followers, launched a YouTube station that airs ibtihalat before and after dawn prayer daily. The viewership of one ibtihal like that of Sheikh Sayyid al-Naqshabandi’s “My Lord” (Mawlay) reached 11 million on YouTube. The ibtihalat are also integral parts of Islamic festivities during the two Eids and Ramadan. Focusing on al-Naqshabandi’s ibtihal “My Lord” (Mawlay), this paper discusses the genre of Islamic hymns as a popular culture approach to study Islam as a lived experience based on the inclusion, not the elimination, of difference. To that end, I explore how the ibtihal becomes a domain for contemplating the place of the self in the present moment without the gaze of authority and how this reconfiguration of authority within the self has deep roots in the Islamic notion of “unicity of God” (tawhid).

Re-Visiting TV Soap Opera Viewership in a Changing Broadcasting Dispensation in Nairobi

This study rekindles the soap opera audience viewing debate in a digital broadcast environment within the Kenyan television programming context. In a mixed-method approach,415 participants were interviewed on their preferences of 21 regularly scheduled soap operas in 5 leading Free to air TV stations in Kenya, In addition, 57 participants were purposively identified for FGDs. The study employed the uses and gratification framework. The findings are that even with a new broadcast dispensation and a myriad of programming, the selection and viewing of soap operas are still paramount. The viewers select to watch soap operas with storylines and performance they perceive as believable and genuine. The domestic audience is attracted to watch foreign soap operas over the local productions because of their better storytelling skills and characterization. The study recommends scripting workshops for domestic producers and the development of screen acting centers of excellence. There is also a need to tweak the 60% local content quota policy to incorporate creative aspects. Regular promos of the domestic soap operas within the broadcast schedules would also boost their uptake.

THE DETERMINANT FACTORS OF TELEVISION’S AUDIENCE IN CHOOSING TV CHANNEL IN THE DISRUPTIVE ERA

This qualitative research article aims to explain the determinant factors that influence viewers to choose TV's channels in the disruptive era. In the period triggered by the increase of the internet and digital technology, many innovations emerged, potentially disturbing and destroying the old system. Loyalty in the broadcasting industry of the disruptive age is temporary and can change quickly. Viewers effortlessly change their TV channels according to their interests and desires. Therefore, TV managers have to pay attention to various factors on TV's audience to choose TV channels. These determinant factors occupy a prominent position among TV station managers in Indonesia and around the globe as an essential contrive to grab the attention of TV viewers. Primary data was dig using the focus group discussion (FGD) before the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. The authors conducted five FGDs involving 9-12 participants in each FGD. This research found that there are 23 determinant factors influencing audience in choosing TV channels in the disruptive era. The 23 factors are divided into four categories namely, TV program content, audience's purposes, corporate action, and community influence. The conclusion is, from four determinants factors, the range of TV content comprises the most varied category. In contrast, community influence factor occupies the last position with one variation.

Valuation of copyrights to audiovisual works: transparency practices of the copyright management organizations in the European Union

Motivation: The functioning of the audiovisual sector strongly depends on the use of copyrights and related rights. Problems with their clearing could harm the functioning of companies and might even lead to strong financial problems. The distribution of copyright-protected audiovisual works requires the licensing of rights by different rightsholders. Some of them are represented by Copyright Management Organizations (CMOs), which allow users to clear rights for many works without individual negotiations. Fees paid to CMOs for copyright-protected content constitute a significant part of operating costs for companies like TV stations, cable operators, VoD (Video on Demand) platforms. In case of intellectual properties for audiovisual works, CMOs make the valuation. They have been facing legal challenges due to subjective valuations as a result of being monopolies in the local market of the represented country and lack of transparency.
 Aim: This work explores the transparency of 21 CMOs in 4 EU countries due to their expected to be an integrated market status as the result of political and economic amalgamation. In addition to the adoption of The European Union Directive on collective management of copyright and multi-territorial licensing of rights, as part of the EU’s Digital Single Market project, this exploratory research, with comparative analysis of CMOs using the linear ordering methods, explains the necessity of an epagogic approach to creating correct institutions besides directives and laws, such as central observation, an ombudsman for conflict management, or an official body to employ these features in one structure to actively govern the market.
 Results: The conducted analysis allowed us to reflect on the importance of transparency and taxonomic mapping of the audiovisual market landscape will be the guideline to flatten the copyright valuation divergence in the EU and eventually will pave the way for fewer disputes and more innovations.

THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK DISCIPLINE TO JOB SATISFACTION OF PROGRAMMING DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES AT PT. X

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Career Development and Work Discipline on the work of Programming employees at PT. X. The subject of this research is PT. X, which is one of the private TV stations in Indonesia and located in Jakarta. The population of this study was 116 people, and the sampling method used was saturated sampling, so the number of samples in this study was also 116 people. This research used the multiple linear regression analysis method in analyzing research data. The results showed that Career Development and Work Discipline had a significant positive effect on work, either separately or simultaneously. This implies that if there is an increase of career development and/or employees’ work discipline, the job satisfaction felt by employees will also increases.

Persona in Social Media: A Case Study on Baim Paula Youtube Channel

Social media enables its users to participate in creating and sharing media contents through their accounts; thus, it gives opportunity to gain popularity for anyone, including celebrity. This paper is aimed at revealing celebrities’ strategy to increase and maintain their popularity by constructing self-image through social media. Videos from Baim Paula youtube channel are selected as the main data of the analysis, considering Baim Wong’s success as celebrity and content creator. Using textual approach, the vidoes created and shared are analized as a cultural text which demonstrates celebrities’ self-representation in social media. The result shows that Baim Wong performs various self- images through his videos contents. His prank videos indirectly indicate authenticity and honesty entitled to Baim Wong’s image, as a strategy to create closeness to his fans. He also construcs an altruistic persona by giving presents and/or money to his pranked targets. Another self-representation is seen in videos about his daily activities with family and friends. Through these videos, Baim Wong constructs his image as a family man. The persona performed in social media has successfully attracted more fans/ subscribers and enhanced his fame. Subsequently, it generates profit not only from his YouTube channel, but also from advertising agencies and TV stations that hire him.