TV Phone Research Articles

Use of Digital Technologies: Family Perspectives on Children's Health

The increasing use of digital technologies among children and adolescents prompts concerns about their impact on development and necessitates family mediation. This study explored primary caregivers’ views on the effects of screen exposure on child health through a focus group with 20 caregivers (17 mothers and 3 grandmothers, aged 20 to 40) from an elementary school in Irecê, Bahia. Findings indicate that children’s screen time, including TV and mobile phones, often lacks proper time and content control due to caregivers’ extensive responsibilities such as remote work and household chores. Major concerns were exposure to violent games, deceptive online profiles, and potential interactions with abusers. Notable behavioral issues in children included irritability, aggression, and sleep problems. Caregivers implemented mediation strategies like setting rules, time restrictions, content filters, and discussing digital self-care. The discussion also addressed addiction mechanisms, family screen habits, gender differences in electronic device usage, and their health impacts on children. An agreement was made to limit screen use across the family, especially an hour before bedtime, aiming to enhance children’s sleep quality and thereby improve their mood and academic performance. This condensed study underscores the challenges caregivers face with children’s digital access and stresses the importance of effective mediation strategies. Enhanced parental engagement and school collaboration are crucial for fostering healthier digital habits that benefit children’s health and family well-being.

Screen Time and Child Behavioral Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

The extensive use of various electronic games and communication devices, particularly among children and adolescents, has raised concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the link between screen time and internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, among individuals aged ≤18 during the global COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review aims to summarize scientific publications from 2019 to early 2022 by searching databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO, to identify suitable studies. In each paper, we searched the following keywords and their synonyms: screen, child, high school, middle school, and psychiatric disorders. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using a checklist recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for observational cohort studies. Out of 986 reports identified, we included 12 papers with 14,483 participants. The study revealed a negative correlation between screen time (TV, computer, video games, and mobile phones) and behavioral outcomes. Smartphones were the most frequently used devices, with video games being more prevalent among older participants for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. The prevalence of depression ranged between 10% and 25%. Furthermore, anxiety and depression were identified as predictors of increased screen usage. Some results displayed variation based on the type of screen exposure, the questionnaires used, and the age of the participants. The findings imply an indirect association between increased screen time and depression and anxiety. It is crucial to consider limitations on screen time exposure and parental supervision as measures to prevent certain mental disorders.

Screening of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among preschool children Gharbia Governorate, Egypt

BackgroundChildren who experience mental health issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experience significant distress and impairment at home, at school, and in the community. Without adequate care or prevention, this frequently results in adulthood-long distress and impairment at large societal costs. Determining the prevalence of ADHD cases among preschoolers as well as some associated maternal and child risk factors was the aim of this study.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study including 1048 preschool children aged 3–6 years was carried out in Tanta City, Gharbia Governorate. From March to April 2022, a proportionate stratified cluster random sample of them was picked. Data were gathered using a predesigned instrument that included sociodemographic information, family history, maternal and child risk factors, and the Arabic version of the ADHD Rating Scale IV questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of ADHD among preschoolers was 10.5%. The inattention type was the most common (5.3%), followed by the hyperactivity type (3.4%). There were statistically significant associations regarding positive family history of psychological and neurological symptoms (17.9% positive vs. 9.7% negative), family history of ADHD symptoms (24.5% positive vs. 9.4% negative), active smoking by the mother (21.1% positive vs. 5.3% negative), cesarean section delivery (66.4% positive vs. 53.9% negative), elevated blood pressure during pregnancy (19.1% positive vs. 12.4% negative), and history of taking drugs during pregnancy (43.6% positive vs. 31.7% negative). Significant child risk factors were: exposure to any source containing lead that causes slow poisoning (25.5% positive vs. 12.3% negative), children with cardiac health problems (38.2% positive vs. 16.6% negative), and hours spent by a child in front of the TV or mobile phone (any screens) per day (60.0% of those with positive screening spent more than 2 h/day vs. 45.7% negative).ConclusionIn the Gharbia governorate, 10.5% of preschoolers suffer from ADHD. Significant maternal risk factors for ADHD included a positive family history of psychiatric and neurological symptoms, a family history of ADHD symptoms, active maternal smoking, caesarean section delivery, increased blood pressure during pregnancy, and a history of drug use during pregnancy. Youngsters who had cardiac health issues and who spent more time each day watching TV or using a mobile device (screen use) were at substantial risk.

Determinants of overnutrition among elderly in Thailand: A Cross sectional study

Background: As per the Global Nutrition Report 2017, malnutrition has been associated with weakened health conditions and can be distinguished as under and over nutrition respectively. Malnutrition distresses one in three people worldwide and is increasing in several countries making it public health challenge for all over the world.Objectives: This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of overnutrition and the determinants of obesity among elderly in Thailand.Methodology: 6,477 Thai elderlies were randomly selected from all the 77 provinces of Thailand which includes 13 zones and 4 regions. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed to identify the study outcome. Multilevel logistic regression was carried out and results were presented as Adjusted OR (Adj.OR) and 95%CI at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the total 6,477, 39.40% (95%CI, 38.21-40.59) elderly were found to be obese. Multilevel logistic regression analysis between independent factors and obesity among elderly in Thailand observed those factors, statistically significant were, age group varying from 60-69 years (Adj.OR=2.53, 95%CI,2.09-3.08), those who can read fluently (Adj.OR=1.33, 95%CI,1.06-1.66, p-value 0.011), who can write fluently (Adj.OR=1.24,95%CI,1.02-1.60, p-value 0.026), having cable TV (Adj.OR=1.22, 95%CI, 1.07-1.39, p-value 0.002), having mobile phones (Adj.OR=1.32, 95%CI, 1.17-1.49, p-value<0.001), residing in the municipality (Adj.OR=1.23, 95%CI, 1.10-1.38, p-value<0.001), having chronic disease (Adj.OR=1.73, 95%CI, 1.54-1.94, p-value<0.001) and, elderly who do not have universal health insurance (Adj.OR=1.21, 95%CI, 1.05-1.39, p-value 0.007) respectively while controlling other co-variates. Conclusion: Overnutrition among the elderly was significantly raised and factors such as having age group 60-69 years, without current occupation, unable to read and write fluently, having cable TV and mobile phones, residing in the municipality, having chronic disease, without universal health insurance were observed to be associated with obesity. Therefore, to tackle dual-form of malnutrition, nutrition and health education are important strategies to promote and maintain good health of elderly.

Gender Perspectives of ICT Utilization in Agriculture and Climate Response in West Africa: A Review

This paper systematically reviewed the relevant literature to generate evidence and identify knowledge gaps on the gender perspectives of ICT use for agriculture and climate response in West Africa. It was evident from the literature that ICTs continue to form an important part of agricultural operations, climate response and agribusiness in West Africa. TV, radio and mobile phones were the most frequently used ICT platforms for receiving agricultural and climate information. Mobile phones have an added use for sales and financial transactions. There were no distinct gender differences in the use of ICTs for agriculture and climate response. However, women’s low income and limitations in controlling household financial responses were identified as significant barriers to ICT access. It was evident that ICTs may contribute to achieving gender outcomes in agriculture and climate response if an enabling environment is created for women to have access to the inputs and resources needed to implement agro-advisories. From the results obtained, there are clear indications that the gender perspectives of ICT use in agriculture and climate response has not received much research attention. The analyses identified important knowledge gaps on gender disaggregated information on the linkages among ICT use, agricultural productivity and climate adaptation indicators.

Sources, Nature and Characteristics of Agricultural Digital Content Accessed by Smallholder Farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya

This paper examined the sources, nature and characteristics of agricultural digital content accessed by smallholder farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. A sample of 130 farmers and 12 Agricultural Extension staff were selected using purposive, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and focus group discussion guide were used to collect data. The results of the study indicated that 79.2 percent and 67.7 percent of smallholder farmers received agricultural digital content through listening to the local radio and TV stations that aired agricultural programmes respectively. The findings of the study also revealed that 60.8 percent of farmers used mobile phone calls while 46.9 percent used Short Messaging Services (SMS) to access agricultural digital content. e-books, journal, blogs, websites and pictures were the least used in accessing agricultural digital content among the smallholder framers. The findings of the study also indicated that the cost of receiving agricultural digital content was relatively fair for texting, making phone calls, listening to agricultural radio programmes and watching agricultural TV programmes. Agricultural digital content received by farmers through radio, TV and mobile phone calls were indicated to be good in terms of timeliness, reliability and details. The language used in receiving digital content through phone calls radio and TV were also scored highly because local language is used for interaction. Texting, phone calls, radio and TV were also rated highly in terms of relevance of content. The study concluded that there is a high interest for agricultural digital content among the smallholder farmers and that they are already accessing it majorly through radio, TV and mobile phones. There is need however, to ensure that the content is regulated by the government through an established regulatory body in order to ensure quality agricultural information is disseminated to farmers. The content should also be based on farmers’ level of knowledge and skills.

Paddy farmers' knowledge, perception, and satisfaction on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in Nepal

Information and communication technology (ICT) tools such as radio, television, mobile phone, the internet, computers are gaining momentum in the development discourse of the agriculture sector in Nepal. In agriculture extension, ICT tools fill the void that traditional agriculture extension cannot address. So, this study aimed at assessing the paddy farmers' knowledge, perception, and satisfaction on ICT tools in Jhapa, Kapilbastu, and Kailai districts following a multistage purposive sampling method. A survey research design was used for the study. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule was employed to randomly selected 390 sample respondents. Descriptive statistics along with the appropriately developed scales were used in the data analysis. The findings revealed that respondents were moderately aware (0.44) of the significant roles of ICT tools. Respondents do have more knowledge on the radio (0.87), TV (0.85), and mobile phones (0.76), whereas the majority possess TV (94%), radio (93%), and mobile phones (88%) among ICT tools. Farmers from Bardiya were more aware of the roles of ICT as compared to other study districts. Likewise, Radio and TV were the primary ICT tools used for agriculture-related information. Respondents had high skills in using radio and TV for information but poor skills in using the computer in all study districts. Most of the respondents positively perceived (0.14) ICT tools and were satisfied (0.23) with them, but their use was limited to radio, TV, and mobile phones. In addition, farmers of Kapilbastu districts were less satisfied with the use of ICT tools as compared to other study districts.

Missing class increases the daily frequency of screen use among schoolchildren

We analyzed the association between school attendance and the daily frequency of use of different forms of screens (TV, computer, cell phone and videogame) among children and adolescents. Longitudinal study with four repeated measures during the 2015 school year. Children and adolescents from a public school participated in the study (n = 463, 53.6% boys; 9.3 ± 1.3 years old). The daily frequency of screen use was the outcome analyzed, which was reported on an online questionnaire for the previous-day recall, illustrated with 32 icons of activities including 4 types of electronic devices. The participant answered “What did you do yesterday?” in the morning, afternoon, and night. School attendance was assessed by responding to the item “Did you go to school yesterday?”. The analysis was conducted using generalized estimation equations, with adjustment by sex, age, BMI z-scores, and season of the year. The average percentage of absences during the follow-up was 28.7%. The use of screens was 13% higher among students who missed class. Playing a video game was 37% higher among students who missed class. The daily frequency of screen use was 26% higher among adolescents (10-12 years) compared to children (7-9 years), especially in the analysis performed individually for TV and cell phone. The daily frequency of screen use and watching TV among students who missed classes during the winter was, respectively, 24% (IRR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.11 - 1.39) and 35% (IRR = 1.35; 95%CI = 1.10 - 1.66) higher compared to those who missed classes during the fall. In conclusion, the use of screens predominated among students who missed class, mainly in winter.

What About Affected Family Members of Disordered Gamblers During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Study in Italy During the Lockdown Restrictions.

Although some studies have been conducted on gambling behaviour in the general population or in clinical samples during the COVID-19 pandemic, less attention has been focused on Affected Family Members (AFMs) of disordered gamblers. To fill this gap, this study investigated the psychological state of disordered gamblers' AFMs during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, the European country first affected by the virus and with the largest gambling market. We were interested in understanding if the unavailability of most land-based gambling offerings during the lockdown created a sense of relief in AFMs. We also compared the quality of family relationships and emotional state during the lockdown of AFMs with those of their relative with Gambling Disorder (GD). Participants were 53 disordered gamblers' AFMs (77% female; mean age = 50.28). For 42 out of the 53 AFMs, we also recruited their relative with GD (86% male; mean age = 48.98). A semi-structured telephone interview was developed. Although AFMs reported a general interruption of the relative's gambling behaviour and a general sense of relief for the closure of gambling activities, accompanied by the perception of good family relationships, AFMs still felt tired, worried, and apprehensive and perceived more fear, stress, and anxiety than before the lockdown. A large proportion of AFMs engaged in potentially addictive behaviours, especially TV and mobile phone and Internet use, which increased in frequency compared to before the pandemic. They still perceived some gambling-related problematic behaviours from their relative and put in place coping strategies to manage the gambling problem. Even if they had a general positive orientation towards the future, they experienced fear when thinking about the reopening of gambling opportunities at the end of the lockdown. Compared to their relatives with GD, AFMs appeared more prone to perceiving a general negative state and a worsening of it from before the lockdown. Overall, this study shows that disordered gambling's AFMs can be considered as a particularly at-risk group who deserves focused clinical attention even during gambling closures related to pandemic lockdown.

Ethnicity, Ethnic Food and Diabetes Mellitus Type II

The topic of discussion mainly belongs to the field of medical anthropology. Medical anthropology is linked to applied anthropology and involves the study of biological and cultural aspects of human beings for the explanation of the impact of culture on human health and as well as on diseases.The environment had a great impact on human health. There are many environmental factors that can bring changes in the health of a person like pollution as water pollution air pollution and some the lifestyle factors like physical activities due to the excessive use of TV or mobile phones etc. Descriptive methodology has been used for the collection of data including methods of an in-depth interview.it is concluded that bringing good or positive changes in lifestyle and having good and unpolluted environment can bring good changes in health and keep away a person from chronic diseases like diabetes type-II.

한국과 중국 광동성의 교역구조 분석과 협력분야 도출

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trade structure of Korea and Guangdong Province to find out what industries the two sides are specialized in and to draw up a plan for cooperation between Korea and Guangdong Province in the future. Korea’s main export product to China is the parts and materials industry, accounting for more than 75 percent of the total. Manufacturers of Guangdong Province mainly include electrical and electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, and home appliances. Therefore, exports of displays, semiconductors, and telecommunication equipment, which are essential for mobile phones, computers, and home appliances, and components and facilities are promising. Korean companies and Guangdong companies need to expand cooperation based on their mutual comparative advantage. Guangdong Province has an advantage over South Korea in designing integrated circuits and packaging and testing. It is believed that division of labor within industries between the two countries will be possible in these areas. Guangdong Province is the region that produces the most TV and mobile phones in China. Therefore, demands for medium and small displays are high. Strategic partnerships between Chinese assembly companies, Korean parts and materials companies, and equipment manufacturers are needed in display industries. Companies seeking to enter Guangdong Province need to actively consider sharing their stakes with each other for long-term stable transactions.

Have Lifestyle Habits and Psychological Well-Being Changed among Adolescents and Medical Students Due to COVID-19 Lockdown in Croatia?

Objective: To investigate dietary habits, sleep and psychological well-being of adolescents and medical students during COVID-19 lockdown in Split, Croatia. Methods: We surveyed 1326 students during 2018 and 2019, and compared their responses with 531 students enrolled in May 2020. Perceived stress, quality of life (QoL), happiness, anxiety, and optimism were assessed as proxies of psychological well-being, using general linear modelling. Results: We found no substantial differences in dietary pattern between pre-lockdown and lockdown periods, including the overall Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. However, the MD pattern changed, showing increased adherence to the MD pyramid for fruit, legumes, fish, and sweets, while cereals, nuts, and dairy intake decreased during COVID-19 lockdown. A third of students reported weight loss during lockdown, 19% reported weight gain, while physical activity remained rather stable. The most prominent change was feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep, reported by 31.5% of students during lockdown vs. 8.5% before; median length of sleep duration increased by 1.5 h. Lockdown significantly affected QoL, happiness, optimism (all p < 0.001), and perceived stress in students (p = 0.005). MD adherence was positively correlated with QoL and study time, and negatively with TV and mobile phone use in pre-lockdown period (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, higher MD adherence was correlated with less perceived hardship and greater happiness and QoL during lockdown. Conclusion: These insights provide valuable information for tailored interventions aimed at maintaining healthy lifestyle in young population. Given the numerous beneficial effects associated with MD adherence, modification of lifestyle through application of lifestyle medicine deserves a priority approach.

Mapping the Mediasphere in Jammu &amp; Kashmir

The article documents the mediasphere in the state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir (J&amp;K). The analysis reveals a tremendous increase in the number of publications in the state of J&amp;K over the period of time. On the basis of the data retrieved from the official website of the Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI), periodicals were also identified district-wise and region-wise. Furthermore, language-wise analysis was also done to gauge the difference in the growth of press in various languages in the state. Besides, the study also maps radio, TV, internet and mobile phones, media schools, and so on in the state.

Exploring the Reliability and Validity of the TechU-Q to Evaluate Device and Purpose Specific Screen Use in Preschool Children and Parents.

Young children are increasingly using mobile technology, with potential for positive and negative developmental consequences. Parents are responsible to guide children in their use of technology based on recommendations and guidelines. Guidelines for screen use in young children have been based on little empirical information on contemporary screen use. This study surveyed parents of young children (n = 96, mean child age 3.0, SD 1.0 years) from three settings (Australia, United States) to test the reliability and validity of a new tool to capture richer data on technology use within a techno-microsystem. The TechU-Q demonstrated reasonable test-retest reliability and face and construct validity. Young children averaged more than 60 min per day of total technology use, mostly using TV, tablet computers, and mobile phones. The primary purposes for child use were educational and watching videos. Parental attitudes towards technology and parent use were associated with their child’s use. Future guidelines should utilize detailed descriptions of technology use by device and purpose to provide more relevant advice on technology use for young children.

STELA (Smart TV and smartphone–basEd Laparoscopy TrAiner): a no-cost home-based trainer for beginners

BackgroundProficiency in laparoscopy is gradually achieved. After initial simulation, it is safe to move to real patients. Simulation improves the basic attributes of laparoscopy, and its non-availability hampers training. Virtual reality and commercial simulators are exorbitantly expensive. Cheaper non-commercial latest, mobile phone–based simulators appear ergonomically unsuitable. A need for a no-cost, home-based laparoscopic endotrainer was felt by authors. MethodsThe authors proposed the concept of smart TV and smart phone–based laparoscopy trainer (STELA), an almost zero cost, lightweight indigenous, cable-less box-type endotrainer, with a smart phone housed on the model, projecting to smart TV via Wi-fi direct. The simulation timings on STELA were compared with Universal Beetel endotrainer by a group of surgeons and residents using identical tasks like object transfer (OT) and knot making (KM). ResultsData were analysed using SPSS, version 23.There was no significant difference in the mean timings of the residents (p > 0.05) on two endotrainers, for both tasks, and of surgeons for OT. Surgeons took significantly longer time (p < 0.05) in KM on STELA. Highest correlation (r = +.848) (<.05) was seen for KM on both devices by residents. ConclusionSTELA is a viable, technologically advanced, no cost alternative to the non-commercial cumbersome simulators especially for beginners.

Willingness to pay for weather index-based insurance in semi-subsistence agriculture: evidence from northern Togo

ABSTRACTThe effects of climate change on agricultural production are pushing countries to reconsider risk management policies in their development plans. Opportunities exist to increase agricultural production and improve the policy environment. However, policymakers lack local empirical evidence to provide local solutions to agricultural development in many developing countries, including Togo. This paper assesses farmers’ willingness to pay for weather index-based insurance (WII) as a market option for sharing climatic risks. A choice modeling approach is used based on data collected from 704 randomly selected households in northern Togo, West Africa. Statistical analysis of the data shows that dry spells are the major concern of farmers and maize is perceived as the most affected food crop. Results also indicate that respondents are willing to participate in a WII market and would prefer insuring crops, such as maize over sorghum and rice against drought by paying on average about $14.5 per hectare. The results show that WII should not be offered standalone, but interlinked with other factors such as providing drought tolerant and high yielding varieties; loans to organized farmers’ groups; and weather information through TV, radio and mobile phones in local languages, while encouraging education to enable the diffusion of more advisory services. These factors are likely to influence positively farmers’ preferences in participating in a WII market.Key policy insightsVery often, insurance is seen as a magic bullet in agricultural risk management policy discussions.A standalone WII could suffer from low adoption, a problem that calls for other policy options.As a climate change adaptation policy, WII could be bundled with other risk-reducing options for a better uptake and to improve farmers’ welfare.WII can be an effective channel for farm credit facilities and advisory services, as well as other agricultural risk management interventions.

Parenting Style, Parental Stress, and Mediation of Children’s Media Use

Parental mediation research is based largely in studies of TV mediation, with recent work examining mediation of children’s video game and internet use. Few scholars have explored mediation of cell phone use. Some research has examined mediation in the context of parenting styles, but research suggests that parental stress can also influence mediation behaviors. This study extends the findings on TV mediation to cell phones and explores the role of parental stress in mediation. The findings indicate that few factors are associated with both TV and cell phone mediation, and that parental stress plays a significant role in the mediation process.

145. Urgent Need For Physical Activity Policies And Promotion Among Adolescents In Saudi Arabia: Lessons From “Jeeluna”

Physical activity is recognized as an important tool to increase life quality and decrease disease burden. Data on physical activity trends, barriers and facilitators among adolescents in Saudi Arabia is scarce. While most of the research on physical activity has been conducted on age groups such as 14-19 and 15-19 years, there is lack of research on the adolescent group (10-19 years). “Jeeluna” (Arabic for “Our Generation”) is a national school-based study aiming to identify health risk behaviors and health status of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Here we share findings from Jeeluna that will help identify socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents who participate in physical activity, as well as their associated health and lifestyle behaviors, which will support program development addressing adolescents' local needs. A cross sectional, national study was conducted in intermediate and secondary schools in all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Sampling was done through multistage, cluster, random sampling technique. Boys and girls from public and private schools (N=12,463) aged 10-19 years were invited to complete the survey instrument which included demographics, health risk behaviors and health status, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling for laboratory investigations. Physical activity was assessed by asking participants how many days in the past week they had engaged in exercise for at least 30 minutes each day. Adolescents who performed exercise 1-7 days were considered as ‘engage in exercise’. Sedentary lifestyle included how much time they spent on TV, internet, video games, and cell phone each day. Those who spent more than 2 hours a day was considered as ‘sedentary lifestyle’. Mean age of the participants was 15.8±0.8 years, and 51.3% were male. Most of the participants (97.9%) lived in urban area. Little over half (53.4%) reported engaging in exercise regularly and over one-third (35.4%) engaged in physical activity at school. Out of the 13 regions, Jizan had the highest mean number of days per week spent doing >30 minutes of exercise, in total as well as in males, but had the lowest mean among females. Additionally, Jizan also had the highest proportion of total and male students engaging in physical activity in school, but the lowest proportion of females for the same measurement. Significant difference in age, gender, areas of residence, and grade were found in terms of engagement in exercise, being higher among younger adolescents (10-14 years), male, urban area, and intermediate school (p<0.01). Mental health was found to be better (low frequency of feelings of sadness, frustration and anxiety) among adolescents who engaged in exercise regularly (<0.01). Adolescents who engaged in exercise were more likely to eat healthy food (<0.01) and less likely to live a sedentary lifestyle (<0.01). It is imperative that socio-cultural and demographic factors be taken into consideration during program and policy development. This study highlights the urgent need for promotion of physical activity among adolescents in Saudi Arabia and addressing perceived barriers, while also offering a treasure of information to policy and decision makers involved in the progression of adolescent health.

Screen time, body mass index and neck circumference: is there an association with social class in children?

Abstract Life habits during childhood are decisive for future health conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate screen time and anthropometry of children enrolled in municipal schools in the interior of the State of São Paulo. A cross-sectional study was carried out with students from 9 to 10 years of age from a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A socioeconomic questionnaire validated by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies was used, containing also the determination of screen time (TV, video game, computer and cell phone), recommended by the Pediatrics Society. Anthropometry data was collected according to the Lohmam Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual and compared to the z-score level with the WHO 2007. For the statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests were used.The confidence level was at 95%. Out of the 703 schoolchildren assessed, 97.44% had adequate height, 59.17% eutrophy BMI and 30.44% overweight. There was a correlation between BMI and non-stratified social class (p=0.038) and BMI and neck circumference (NC) (p&lt;0.001).The z-score of the BMI showed that children with weight loss stayed longer watching TV (p=0.0486). The gender comparison showed that girls of higher social class stayed longer at the computer (p=0.0351) and using the cell phone (p&lt;0.0001),and boys playing videogame (p=0.0005). Overweight and weight loss shown in the positive correlation between BMI and NC, although on opposite sides, were associated with screen time and especially with TV in children of higher social class.

在宅人工呼吸療法（HMV）患者へのテレビ電話システムを用いた療養指導

在宅人工呼吸療法（HMV）患者へのテレビ電話システムを用いた療養指導