TV Functions Research Articles

Adaptive Weighted Bregman Huber Total Variation Method for Terahertz Computed Tomography

ABSTRACTTo improve the image quality of terahertz (THz) continuous wave (CW) computed tomography (CT) under sparse‐view projections, a sparse‐view adaptive‐weighted Bregman Huber total variation (AW‐BHTV) method is proposed and experimentally evaluated at 0.11 THz. The Huber function is served as the fidelity term and TV function is worked for the regularization term, optimized by the adaptive weights, incorporating with iterative algorithms containing the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MSART) and the iterative filtered back‐projection (FBP). Sparse‐view reconstruction experiments are carefully implemented via polystyrene (PS) foam samples: Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively. Under 20 projection angles by MSART based AW‐BHTV, the values of rooted mean‐square‐error (RMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structure similarity (SSIM) and feature similarity (FSIM) are 0.0061, 22.1427, 0.8738 and 0.9902 for Sample 1 together with 0.0051, 22.9101, 0.8376 and 0.9885 for Sample 2 separately. All of the results above suggest that the proposed AW‐BHTV method can effectively protect image details and strengthen image quality in sparse‐view THz CW CT.

Towards Design and Implementation of an EEG-based BCI TV Remote Control

BCI is a rapidly growing field within biomedical engineering as it enables a direct connection between the central nervous system and an external device. BCI detects brain signals using biosensors (electrodes) installed on the head’s scalp or implanted inside the brain. EEG is a non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring the brain’s activity. Using EEG-based BCI in the medical field can significantly help disabled people to perform daily activities. In this context, it is very important to support and enable paralysed people to interact with multimedia devices like televisions by developing suitable solutions. This paper proposes an EEG mind-controlled TV remote control system prototype. The proposed prototype uses affordable hardware components to perform its task. A quantitative questionnaire has been conducted to identify the system’s functional and non-functional requirements. The system can send four different signals to power on/off, change the channel, raise and reduce the volume of the TV. The system has been tested by 20 subjects. The testing results show that the accuracy of the system is 74.9%. Despite the system being able to control only four TV functions, the system is scalable, and more commands can be added in the future. Also, using Raspberry Pi in the system gives a great possibility to eliminate the computer and to use Raspberry Pi directly with the headset. This paper demonstrates the approach’s feasibility and opens the route for enhancing the system and using EEG-based BCI with more and different devices.

785 ACCURATE ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION BECOMES MORE CHALLENGING IN PATIENTS WITH SEGNIFICANT TRICUSPID REGURGITATION: A CASE REPORT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION AFTER TRICLIP IMPLANTATION

Abstract Introduction anatomically and functionally different from the left ventricle, the right ventricle (RV) plays an increasingly recognized role in determining symptoms and outcomes in multiple conditions. Due to RV complex anatomy and mechanics, the evaluation of its size and function is challenging. The ideal imaging technique should be capable of comprehensive, accurate and reproducible assessment of RV morphology and contraction. In the absence of a single reliable 2DE measure of the RV systolic function, several surrogate echocardiographic parameters have been proposed for clinical use, from one-dimensional (TAPSE) to 3D techniques. Clinical Case we report a case of an 82-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnoea, with a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and a last year hospitalization for heart failure. A transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed, showing a high-grade tricuspid valve regurgitation. Further investigation using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed, in four chambers view, dilatation of right sections and confirm TR was significant, so screening for TriClip implantation was performed. The exam was diagnostic for massive TR, moderate Mitral Regurgitation, and the estimated PAPs about 50 mmHg, so, in the absence of anatomical exclusion elements, severe pulmonary hypertension and poor RV function, transcatheter treatment with TriClip was offered. We had evaluated RV function, obtaining a FAC about normal limit (which should be corrected by valvular regurgitation), and a reduced Strain value. The patient received an edge-to-edge reparation of the tricuspid valve using the TriClip XTR (Clip) system with 2 clips placed. The post-interventional echocardiographic results were an optimal correction of valvular regurgitation, with, however, a clear right ventricular disfunction. Those finding were confirmed by further echocardiographic follow up exams, even during inotropic treatment by low dobutamine dose. Conclusion estimating RV function remains challenging because of the complex geometry of the RV. In the presence of significant TR, the accurate assessment of RV function becomes even more challenging because of the load and angle dependency of TAPSE, RVFAC and RVEF. Significant TR result in a reduction in RV afterload, which may preserve the markers of TV function even when contractility is impaired. 2d-STE in less angle and load dependent than traditional RV function indices and less confounded by RV geometry and passive motion.

Performance‐Price‐Ratio Utility: Market Equilibrium Analysis and Empirical Calibration Studies

In this study, as an alternative to the surplus utility, we propose a performance‐price‐ratio (PPR) utility and specialize the customer choice model with a PPR maximization criterion. With the PPR‐based choice model, we investigate a pricing game between retailers in a competitive market. Through transferring the decision variable from price to performance‐price ratio, the first‐order condition of the game becomes a linear equation system, which enables us to develop a closed‐form equilibrium solution. The solution reveals how product performance and price sensitivity affect equilibrium pricing, market share, and revenue. With the developed theoretical results, we carry out empirical studies with a rich data set obtained from the China TV market. At the individual product level and the brand level, we calibrate the PPR‐based choice model and the widely used surplus‐based model with a Bayesian information criteria‐based stepwise multivariate regression method. The regression results suggest that the PPR‐based model fits both the product‐level and brand‐level data better than the surplus‐based model. Through the stepwise selection of independent variables, we find that the leading features affecting a TV’s performance are 3D TV functionality and its screen size. Moreover, we explore how the market equilibrium evolves with the game decision sequence, market structure, and new product entry.

Pedagogic and Educational Function of China's TV for Children and Peculiarities of Its Implementation

The article deals with functions of China’s TV programs for children and forms in which they are implemented. The variety of the genres and thematic content is aimed at one of the biggest TV audiences and is broadcast on both universally available and commercial thematic channels, which determines the topicality of the research. The authors conceptualize the pedagogic and educational influence of TV programs for children, and distinguish its key aspects, which include delivering moral values and social norms, propagating cultural and scientific knowledge, encouraging interest in learning, and developing the ability for self-actualization and world cognition. The qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze which of the aspects are realized by means of TV programs and animated films for children in China. The study covers 34 programs and 74 animated films for children shown on 33 universal and 4 most popular special TV channels. The results of the research are as follows. One of the most popular forms of content on TV channels for children is animated films, whose key function is delivering moral values and social norms. Magazine format is a rather common form of journalist content. TV programs are mostly aimed at encouraging children’s interest in learning. Since it is rather difficult to combine entertainment and educational components, on universally available channels there is a large number of TV programs for children that fulfil their pedagogic and educational function only formally.

Frequency of Television Watching and Gender Stereotypes in Children and Adolescents A Review in the Context of Cultivation Theory

Widespread use of television has brought with it the examination of the effect of exposure to TV content on its viewers. One of the most remarkable approaches put forward in this context is the Cultivation Theory developed by Gerbner (1969). The theory, which focuses on the impact of TV viewing on individuals perceptions of reality, assumes that as the frequency of exposure to messages presented in TV increases, individuals’ perceptions of the real world are shaped according to these messages. The development of gender stereotypes and beliefs in gender equality in children and adolescents may also be fed by the “cultivation” function of TV, which is widely used by them also. The aim of this study is to systematically review the studies focuses on the relationship between frequency of watching TV and children’s or adolescents’ gender-based stereotypes in the context of Cultivation Theory. A total of 23 studies conducted between 1960 and 2020 were reviewed in this context and it was determined that both children and adolescents had more traditional beliefs and attitudes about gender roles with the increase in the frequency of watching TV. Findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature. Keywords Cultivation Theory, gender roles, watching tv, children, adolescents

In their shoes? Categorizing identities and creating citizens in refugee reality TV

The so-called migration crisis in Europe is not only covered by serious informative genres such as news and documentaries, but has also been the topic of entertainment genres such as reality TV. This article focuses on two cases of European ‘refugee’ reality TV in which European participants embark on a ‘reversed’ refugee journey: from the Netherlands and Germany, respectively, to war-torn countries in Africa and the Middle East. Despite the shows’ claims to fulfill an important function of educating the broader public about the hardship and plight experienced by refugees in Europe, the construction and conception of collective cultural identities in these shows warrants closer analysis. Through an interpretative textual analysis of the series, we investigate how civil belonging is mapped and constructed by the series as a range of different subject positions on refugees and civic responsibility toward refugees. This study problematizes the manner in which a plurality of voices is accommodated in contemporary European liberal democratic society and how cultural forms such as reality TV function normatively as a technology of citizenship.

P3135Tricuspid valve dysfunction caused by transvenous lead extraction. Can we predict this complication?

Abstract Background Accidental damage of tricuspid apparatus is known complication of TLE procedure risk factors of this complication remain unknown. Purpose The goal of this study was to search factors which can predict damage of tricuspid apparatus during TLE. Methods Between 2006 and 2018 we performed 2002 TLE procedures using conventional mechanical sheaths. 3366 leads (mean implant duration 95,2 months) were removed due to non-infective indications in 62,0%. Tricuspid valve function was examined with preoperative and post-operative TTE and during monitoring of procedure. Patients with incomplete TV function evaluation were excluded from the study. Three groups of patients were compared Results TLE procedure brings risk (7%) of different degree damage or tricuspid leflet or even chordae tendinae (2%). The detailed results are presented in the table. Conclusions TLE using conventional mechanical sheaths is effective but brings risk of extraction related tricuspid valve dysfunction. Main risk factor of this complication seems to be implant dwell time, number of leads presence of abandoned leads and lead loop in the heart remaining in conflict with tricuspid valve.

Tricuspid Regurgitation - Medical Management and Evolving Interventional Concepts.

Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a complex condition of the right ventricle (RV) and tricuspid valve apparatus and is frequently associated with symptomatic heart failure and a significant morbidity and mortality. In these patients, left heart pathologies lead to chronic pressure overload of the RV, eventually causing progressive RV dilatation and functional TR. Therefore, TR cannot be considered as isolated heart valve disease pathology but has to be understood and treated as one component of a complex structural RV pathology and is frequently also a marker of an advanced stage of cardiac disease. In these patients, medical therapy restricted to diuretics and heart failure medication is frequently ineffective. Also, severe TR in the setting of advanced heart failure constitutes a high risk for cardiac surgery. Neither one of these treatment options has demonstrated a beneficial effect on long-term prognosis. The recent innovations in transcatheter technology led to efforts to develop interventional approaches to severe TR. Multiple innovative treatment concepts are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation to replace or repair TV function. However, up to date none of these approaches is established and there is still a lack of clinical data to support the efficacy of transcatheter TR treatment.

Self-consistent modelling of X-ray photoelectron spectra from air-exposed polycrystalline TiN thin films

We present first self-consistent modelling of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Ti 2p, N 1s, O 1s, and C 1s core level spectra with a cross-peak quantitative agreement for a series of TiN thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering and oxidized to different extent by varying the venting temperature Tv of the vacuum chamber before removing the deposited samples. So-obtained film series constitute a model case for XPS application studies, where certain degree of atmosphere exposure during sample transfer to the XPS instrument is unavoidable. The challenge is to extract information about surface chemistry without invoking destructive pre-cleaning with noble gas ions. All TiN surfaces are thus analyzed in the as-received state by XPS using monochromatic Al Kα radiation (hν=1486.6eV). Details of line shapes and relative peak areas obtained from deconvolution of the reference Ti 2p and N 1s spectra representative of a native TiN surface serve as an input to model complex core level signals from air-exposed surfaces, where contributions from oxides and oxynitrides make the task very challenging considering the influence of the whole deposition process at hand. The essential part of the presented approach is that the deconvolution process is not only guided by the comparison to the reference binding energy values that often show large spread, but in order to increase reliability of the extracted chemical information the requirement for both qualitative and quantitative self-consistency between component peaks belonging to the same chemical species is imposed across all core-level spectra (including often neglected O 1s and C 1s signals). The relative ratios between contributions from different chemical species vary as a function of Tv presenting a self-consistency check for our model. We propose that the cross-peak self-consistency should be a prerequisite for reliable XPS peak modelling as it enhances credibility of obtained chemical information, while relying entirely on reference binding energy values introduces large ambiguity.

PERKEMBANGAN MEDIA PENYIARAN TELEVISI : Menjadikan Televisi Sebagai Kebudayaan Masyarakat

Television is one of the most widely broadcast media undergo a process of evolution. Today the presence of broadcast media is certainly not out of a myriad of appreciation from many in the community. Man himself was unable to deny that a television media will always be present in front of him. Various impressions broadcast program comes through this medium, different interpretation will emerge from the community as audience. Now, television has become an important need among the millions of people in the world community. This can happen because one characteristic of this form of broadcast media that is intrinsically capable explores some of the information occurs in parts of the world manapan the same time. As part of a development of new audio-visual culture, television becomes the thinking about the main attraction in an impact to thewider community . Positive and negative impacts of television media can only be known if the people themselves are willing and able to follow the development of this medium.Keywords: Broadcasting Media, TV Function, and Society

Denoising images corrupted by impulsive noise using projections onto the epigraph set of the total variation function (PES-TV)

In this article, a novel algorithm for denoising images corrupted by impulsive noise is presented. Impulsive noise generates pixels whose gray level values are not consistent with the neighboring pixels. The proposed denoising algorithm is a two-step procedure. In the first step, image denoising is formulated as a convex optimization problem, whose constraints are defined as limitations on local variations between neighboring pixels. We use Projections onto the Epigraph Set of the TV function (PES-TV) to solve this problem. Unlike other approaches in the literature, the PES-TV method does not require any prior information about the noise variance. It is only capable of utilizing local relations among pixels and does not fully take advantage of correlations between spatially distant areas of an image with similar appearance. In the second step, a Wiener filtering approach is cascaded to the PES-TV-based method to take advantage of global correlations in an image. In this step, the image is first divided into blocks and those with similar content are jointly denoised using a 3D Wiener filter. The denoising performance of the proposed two-step method was compared against three state-of-the-art denoising methods under various impulsive noise models.

A New Fast Algorithm for Constrained Four-Directional Total Variation Image Denoising Problem

A new four-directional total variation (4-TV) model, applicable to isotropic and anisotropic TV functions, is proposed for image denoising. A dual based fast gradient projection algorithm for the constrained 4-TV image denoising problem is also reported which combines the well-known gradient projection and the fast gradient projection methods. Experimental results show that this model provides in most cases a better signal to noise ratio when compared to previous models like the reference TV, the total generalized variation, and the nonlocal total variation.

Improving User Interaction in Interactive TV Based on Ethnographic Insights From Real-Life Problems

An ethnographic study was conducted on the viewing behavior of interactive TV (iTV). Several interesting findings emerged. First, some participants still preferred the inefficient but simple channel +/–buttons, rather than using the more efficient but complex electronic program guide. Thus, both efficiency and simplicity should be considered to improve channel-searching methods. Second, family members became irritated with one another if they did not have the same taste in programs. Remedying this situation would require a personal device for iTV. Third, parents had concerns about their children viewing too much TV. Addressing this problem requires an effective way of giving children natural motivation for voluntarily controlling their TV viewing time. Based on the findings, new and innovative TV functions were suggested.

Development of interactive television system with multimodal access

A variant of interactive television system with multimodal interface for order multimedia content interesting for a user and control by standard TV functions is considered. The developed dialogue system based on annotated database of telecast and TV channels provides search and choosing required telecast with its following translation.

Can Firms Simultaneously Pursue Technology Innovation and Design Innovation?

There are two types of innovation: technology innovation and design innovation. Each type has a positive effect on corporate performance. However, results of our analysis on the appearance, user friendliness, and technological functionality of cellular phones between 2005 and 2010 show that in the years 2005-2007, when TV functionality was introduced in cellular phones, cellular phone manufacturers sacrificed appearance instead of improving functionality. However, this issue was resolved in 2008-2010, and companies succeeded in simultaneously attaining appearance and user friendliness. In other words, it has become clear that companies in the Japanese market first tend to prioritize functionality through technology innovation than appearance (i.e., industrial design), and then later tend to simultaneously pursue both appearance and user friendliness through design innovation.

Image reconstruction based on total variation minimization and alternating direction method for Compton scatter tomography

Compton scatter tomography measures samples electron densities utilizing the scattered photons. Compared to traditional transmission imaging models, Compton scatter tomography has the following characteristics, i.e. freedom in construction systems, greater sensitivity for low-density materials, and lower radiation dose. It has been applied in non-destructive testing, medical, and security inspections, and other fields. However, Compton scatter tomography reconstruction is a nonlinear inverse problem, common is ill-posed, and its solutions are very sensitive to noise and erroneous measurements. To tackle the problem, in this paper we propose a novel Compton scatter tomography reconstruction algorithm based on the total variation minimization and alternating direction method. The main idea of our method is to reformulate the reconstruction problems TV function as an optimization with constrains where the objective function is separable, and then minimize its augmented Lagrangian function by using alternating direction method to solve the sub-problems. Numerical experiments shows that the reconstruction quality and efficiency of the proposed method are improved compared to the adaptive-steepest-descent-projection onto convex sets method.

Multi-Modal Controller Usability for Smart TV Control

Objective: The objective of this study was to suggest a multi-modal controller type for Smart TV Control. Background: Recently, many issues regarding the Smart TV are arising due to the rising complexity of features in a Smart TV. One of the specific issues involves what type of controller must be utilized in order to perform regulated tasks. This study examines the ongoing trend of the controller. Method: The selected participants had experiences with the Smart TV and were 20 to 30 years of age. A pre-survey determined the first independent variable of five tasks(Live TV, Record, Share, Web, App Store). The second independent variable was the type of controllers(Conventional, Mouse, Voice-Based Remote Controllers). The dependent variables were preference, task completion time, and error rate. The experiment consist a series of three experiments. The first experiment utilized a uni-modal Controller for tasks; the second experiment utilized a dual-modal Controller, while the third experiment utilized a triple-modal Controller. Results: The first experiment revealed that the uni-modal Controller (Conventional, Voice Controller) showed the best results for the Live TV task. The second experiment revealed that the dual-modal Controller(Conventional-Voice, Conventional-Mouse combinations) showed the best results for the Share, Web, App Store tasks. The third experiment revealed that the triple-modal Controller among all the level had not effective compared with dual-modal Controller. Conclusion: In order to control simple tasks in a smart TV, our results showed that a uni-modal Controller was more effective than a dual-modal controller. However, the control of complex tasks was better suited to the dual-modal Controller. User preference for a controller differs according the Smart TV functions. For instance, there was a high user preference for the uni-Controller for simple functions while high user preference appeared for Dual-Controllers when the task was complex. Additionally, in accordance with task characteristics, there was a high user preference for the Voice Controller for channel and volume adjustment. Furthermore, there was a high user preference for the Conventional Controller for menu selection. In situations where the user had to input text, the Voice Controller had the highest preference among users while the Mouse Type, Voice Controller had the highest user preference for performing a search or selecting items on the menu. Application: The results of this study may be utilized in the design of a controller which can effectively carry out the various tasks of the Smart TV.

An application of Chen’s theorem to convergence of Fourier multiplier transforms

Let V be a star shaped region. In 2006, Colzani, Meaney and Prestini proved that if function f satisfies some condition, then the multiplier transform with the characteristic function of tV as the multiplier tends to f almost everywhere, when t goes to ∞. In this paper we use a Theorem established by K.K.Chen to show that if we change their multiplier, then the condition on f can be weakened.

Thermodynamic scaling of dynamic properties of liquid crystals: Verifying the scaling parameters using a molecular model

The thermodynamic scaling of molecular dynamic properties of rotation and thermodynamic parameters in a nematic phase was investigated by a molecular dynamic simulation using the Gay-Berne potential. A master curve for the relaxation time of flip-flop motion was obtained using thermodynamic scaling, and the dynamic property could be solely expressed as a function of TV(γτ) , where T and V are the temperature and volume, respectively. The scaling parameter γτ was in excellent agreement with the thermodynamic parameter Γ, which is the logarithm of the slope of a line plotted for the temperature and volume at constant P2. This line was fairly linear, and as good as the line for p-azoxyanisole or using the highly ordered small cluster model. The equivalence relation between Γ and γ(τ) was compared with results obtained from the highly ordered small cluster model. The possibility of adapting the molecular model for the thermodynamic scaling of other dynamic rotational properties was also explored. The rotational diffusion constant and rotational viscosity coefficients, which were calculated using established theoretical and experimental expressions, were rescaled onto master curves with the same scaling parameters. The simulation illustrates the universal nature of the equivalence relation for liquid crystals.