TV Broadcasting System Research Articles

Future Hybrid Technology for Pay TV Platform

The main objective of this study is to analyze the potentiality of new technology of TV broadcasting and video distribution systems and how to adapt to the new trend of video viewing experience and design a future generation TV for the Bangladesh Pay TV industry. This research is based on Bangladesh and the interest of Bangladesh's Pay-TV industry delves into a novel approach aimed at mitigating these challenges by harnessing terrestrial or mobile networks for video broadcasting, thereby upgrading the old-fashioned broadcasting system or diminishing reliance on conventional internet-based streaming for mobile. This study adapts to the latest practice and implementation of ATSC 3.0 Terrestrial broadcasting and video streaming technology enhancement and business success along with emerging 5G network feasibility. ATSC 3.0 terrestrial broadcasting for mobile users has a significant impact on view experience, and seamless video transmission without the usage of internet data, especially in rural areas of the country where the 4G network is very limited. Local Gateway Node will receive ATSC 3.0 live TV and locally added offline video or streaming apps injected through API to deliver household through private CDN. This study offers a comprehensive technical feasibility, benefits, and implications of this innovative approach, upgradation of terrestrial broadcasting system highlighting its potential to revolutionize video delivery to mobile users. This study analyzes the technology evolution and adaptability with the recent trend of video content viewing experience, the importance of this study is significant for Bangladesh's pay-TV market to secure the future business.

On the Study of Interference Scenario on TV Broadcast and Wireless Systems for Emergency Communication Networks in TVWS

This paper investigated frequency sharing between primary TV systems (channels 32 and 49) and Emergency Communication Networks (ECNs). The networks to be implemented in the Osogbo axis of Osun State function on a secondary geographical basis, creating no harm to the original licensed primary TV viewers. A minimum separation distance of 41 dB was suggested as the protected contour for the UHF spectrum to oversee the protection of primary TV users for the UHF bands under consideration. The effects of changing the secondary systems' transmitting power, transmission frequency, and antenna height on the service coverage distance were also explored. The performance of the UHF band was evaluated when it was utilized for secondary transmission at both low and high transmitting powers, with the performance criterion being percentage coverage distance. This work complies with the International Telecommunication Union-Radio sector (ITU-R) recommendations of 16 dB for signal-to-noise ratio and 41 dB for signal strength. It can also be deduced from the result that when the transmission power of ECN devices is raised from 40 mW to 4 W, Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is used; it caused a 76.19% reduction in the coverage spacing for TV channels of ECN Network secondary devices. For the White Space Device (WSD) to operate in Temporal mode, the maximum allowable power (4 W) used in spatial mode should be replaced by a 76.19 per cent reduction. Additional sensing margins of 3.76 dB and 4.04 dB for channels 33 and 43 must be added to the FCC threshold limit of -114 dBm criterion for TV white spaces to assure ECN deployment without causing severe interference to TV customers.

8K Ultra HD TV broadcast system: challenge, architecture and implementation

The size of the audio and video (AV) content of the 8K program is four times larger than that of 4K content, providing viewers with a more ideal audiovisual experience while placing higher demands on the capability and efficiency of document preparation and processing, signal transmission, and scheduling. However, it is difficult to meet the high robustness requirements of 8K broadcast services because the existing broadcast system architecture is limited by efficiency, cost, and other factors. In this study, an 8K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) TV program broadcast scheme was designed. The verification results show that the scheme is high quality, highly efficient, and robust. In particular, in the research, the file format normalizing module was first placed in the broadcast area instead of the file preparation area, and the low-compression transmission scheme of the all-IP signal JPEG XS was designed in the signal transmission area for improving the efficiency of the scheme. Next, to reduce the impact on the robustness of broadcast services, the broadcast control logic of the broadcast core components is optimized. Finally, a series of 8K TV program broadcasting systems have been implemented and their performance has been verified. The results show that the system meets the efficiency and robustness requirements of a high-quality 8K AV broadcast system, and thus has a high degree of practicability.

Simple VHF and UHF Propagation Loss Model

Empirical propagation loss models play a crucial role in a wireless communication system with their cost-effectiveness and simplicity. In this letter, we present a mathematical characterization of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) F(50,50) curve for the Very High Frequency (VHF) and the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. The proposed empirical model is based on a novel step-wise curve fitting the FCC signal strength data. The F(50,50) model is intended for the TV broadcasting system and has been employed effectively in different literary works. Following this, we proposed a simple mathematical expression applicable to a 100 km distance with antenna height ranging from 30 to 300 m. The results showed that the proposed mathematical formulation agreed well with the F(50,50) curve data. Furthermore, the model presented is straightforward and can readily be implemented in VHF and UHF signal loss calculation requiring minimal input parameters.

A prominent approach to design low noise amplifiers for 802.11 wireless receiver frontends

With the efforts of innovative consortium, wireless local area network (WLAN) became alternative standard in wireless local area networking applications. From the beginning the data rate keeps pace from mega bits per second (Mbps) up to giga bits per second. The ease of adaptability of WLAN protocol and the need for high data rate communication system made a reason to develop a solution and to incorporate real time wireless transceivers on network interface cards and FPGAs. Over the past decade, the RFIC technology became the hive of communication industry, with the proliferation of 802.11 a, g, n, ac, ad wireless protocols. The applications like ultra wide band (UWB), digital TV broadcasting and global positioning system found their way to main-stream gadgets. With the design preferences such as interconnect parasitics, interconnects and coupling between devices the passive elements must be precisely designed. In this article, novel requirements of low noise amplifier (LNA) design for 2.4 GHz application with noise modelling is presented.

Layered-Division-Multiplexing for High Spectrum Efficiency and Service Flexibility in Next Generation ATSC 3.0 Broadcast System

LDM, a non-orthogonal multiplexing technology, is one of the main innovations in ATSC 3.0, a next generation terrestrial TV broadcast system. This article gives a general overview of the LDM technology, its current applications in the ATSC 3.0 system, and its cost in terms of the required additional complexity. The transmission capacity benefit offered by LDM is explained by theoretical analysis and demonstrated by simulation results. An efficient implementation scheme is described with less than 15 percent complexity increase. New service coverage paradigms enabled by LDM are presented. Finally, more future innovative applications of LDM, along with their benefits and challenges, are introduced. These include using LDM for wireless in-band backhaul, combining LDM with scalable video coding, and the application of LDM in other future broadcasting and 4G/5G broadband systems.

A Prominent Approach to Design Low Noise Amplifiers for 802.11 Wireless Receiver Frontends

With the efforts of innovative consortium, wireless local area network (WLAN) became alternative standard in wireless local area networking applications. From the beginning the data rate keeps pace from mega bits per second (Mbps) up to giga bits per second. The ease of adaptability of WLAN protocol and the need for high data rate communication system made a reason to develop a solution and to incorporate real time wireless transceivers on network interface cards and FPGAs. Over the past decade, the RFIC technology became the hive of communication industry, with the proliferation of 802.11 a, g, n, ac, ad wireless protocols. The applications like ultra wide band (UWB), digital TV broadcasting and global positioning system found their way to main-stream gadgets. With the design preferences such as interconnect parasitics, interconnects and coupling between devices the passive elements must be precisely designed. In this article, novel requirements of low noise amplifier (LNA) design for 2.4 GHz application with noise modelling is presented.

Design of Stepped Impedance Microstrip LowPass Filter for Coexistence of TV Broadcasting and LTE Mobile System Close to 700 MHz

Design of Stepped Impedance Microstrip LowPass Filter for Coexistence of TV Broadcasting and LTE Mobile System Close to 700 MHz

Layered-Division Multiplexing: An Enabling Technology for Multicast/Broadcast Service Delivery in 5G

Future 5G systems will include a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) transmission mode to achieve high capacity and high spectrum efficiency for multiple use cases, such as IoT, lifeline communications, and broadcast-type services. Layered-division-multiplexing (LDM) is a novel non-orthogonal multiplexing technology recently adopted by the next generation digital TV broadcast system, ATSC 3.0, which is capable of providing significant capacity improvement when delivering multiple broadcast services simultaneously. This article explores the application of LDM as an enabling technology for 5G to achieve high-efficiency P2MP transmission and to deliver more diversified broadcast-type services using the mobile broadband infrastructure. The potential advantages that can be offered by LDM are demonstrated by capacity analysis and computer simulations. Coverage studies show that a 5G P2MP subsystem with LDM can deliver high-quality broadcast services using the broadband infrastructure. Finally, some general guidelines on the receiver implementation are presented to minimize the hardware complexity of consumer devices.

Co-existence of TV broadcast and wireless systems for public safety networks in the TV white space

The spectrum sharing between primary TV systems (Channels 9 and 35) and Public Safety Networks (PSNs) is presented in this article. The networks to be deployed within Television White Space (TVWS) in Ilorin metropolis of Kwara State operate on a secondary basis spatially, without causing harmful interference to incumbent TV users. In order to guarantee the protection of incumbent TV users both in VHF and UHF bands, minimum separation distances were suggested considering field strengths of 36 dBu and 41 dBu as the protected contours for the two bands respectively. The effects of varying the transmit power and the antenna height of the secondary system on the coverage area are emphasized in this work. Aggregate interference effect from the multiple secondary systems on the TV service coverage was also investigated. The performances of VHF and UHF bands were also verified when used for secondary transmission both at lower and higher transmit power scenarios. The results of this work show that the safety networks can co-exist with the TV systems without causing harmful interference with the suggested separation distances at the edge of the noise-limited service area, where the signal-to-noise ratio is 16 dB as recommended by the International Telecommunication Union-Radio sector (ITU-R). Keywords : PSN, TV systems, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, TV White Space, Service coverage.

Spatially Adaptive TV Broadcast System: Hardware in the Loop Operational Analysis

When a digital TV system is operating far in excess of the operational threshold, there is no discernible advantage to either the user or broadcaster due to the hard failure characteristics of digital TV. In a digital network, this threshold can vary due to changes in the propagation medium and user receiving equipment, necessitating a transmit power margin sufficient to cover all propagation and equipment variations. Hence if the system could be adaptively tuned to operate at just above the threshold, then significant energy savings could be made. A spatially adaptive system was evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop analysis; here a channel emulator was used to physically model array gain and fading conditions, and feedback nodes were constructed allowing broadcast powers to be manipulated based on evaluating user feedback. The effects of such a system on the U.K. Digital terrestrial television (DTT) network were evaluated and the advantages highlighted potential power savings of up to 2.1 dB being obtainable. This equates to an electricity reduction of between 33 million and 58 million kWh per year, saving between £3.5 million and £6.1 million ($4.4 million and $7.6 million) and reducing carbon emissions by between 13.7 million and 24 million CO2e. This paper thus illustrates the potential energy savings for a DTT network, using the U.K. as a worked example.

Performance Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4m Wireless Sensor Networks in TV Grayspaces

In this article, we assess the viability of underlay sensor networks in frequencies used by an incumbent digital TV broadcasting system, that is, in the so-called TV grayspaces (TVGS). Grayspace operations are particularly interesting when other unlicensed bands are overcrowded, for example, due to high-volume WiFi operations. We simulate the operational characteristics of the recent IEEE 802.15.4m standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks to evaluate the performance degradation of an incumbent Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) system if a secondary network of low-power low-rate devices are co-deployed in the same frequency bands. Our results show that short sensor messages will not disrupt the DVB-T service due to the existing error-correction capabilities. Furthermore, if sufficient separation distances to primary transmitters are maintained, transmit powers are sufficient to achieve reasonable connectivity levels of the secondary network. In order to obtain realistic figures on the predicted feasibility of grayspace sensor networks, we study the deployment constraints of a hypothetical secondary network co-located with the TV broadcasting network of Germany. Our analysis shows that if we aim to support a minimum sensor-sensor distance, no universal coverage can be maintained in this country. While our quantitative results are specific to Germany, we deem them indicative for the expected results also in other potential deployments. We found that while a secondary wireless sensor network in TVGS is technically possible, the necessary constraints on operational parameters and service levels for TVGS co-existence will significantly limit its practical viability.

Coexistence of DTV and TV white space systems

SummaryIt is foreseeable that in near future, heterogeneous TV white space (TVWS) systems will operate in underused TV bands. Potential interference between TVWS systems and digital TV (DTV) broadcast system is a major concern. These TVWS systems need to maintain from the DTV service boundary some keep‐out distances dk, which vary depending on circumstances. This work provides a comprehensive analysis on dk for different TVWS devices that operate on co‐ and adjacent channels, based on 2 different protection criteria for DTV service, using 4 different propagation models (each suits different propagation environment) for estimating dk. In brief, this article contributes to the mathematical technique of determining dk under different circumstances. On the basis of the conditions chosen for the analysis, we come up with some recommendations for dk. Moreover, we share our opinions on some regulatory requirements for dk. The strictness of the regulatory requirement in this matter is important because when it is appropriately set, it can actually promote further development and expansion of TVWS technologies.

The Challenge of Future Space Systems and Services in Europe: Industrial Competitiveness Without a Level Playing Field

This article reviews the challenges and opportunities of market growth for space applications. Up to now, the development of space systems has been mainly driven by global or regional needs or sovereignty missions. The global dimension of satellites fits perfectly with the needs of customers requiring a global coverage. Meteorology, operational oceanography, TV broadcast, and global navigation systems are typical examples. In those domains, either the needs are global or the communities of users are well structured. Main customers (space agencies and governments) were able until now to invest in a proprietary capacity or to fund a significant part of the infrastructure. New elements shape today's landscape: the budgetary constraints affecting many countries weaken this model and rekindle the competition between the “usual suspects.” New players from new countries are emerging. At the same time, the new operational needs are more and more challenging (e.g., real-time and persistent surveillance of wide areas) and require dedicated capacities, while the users' demand is fragmented and spread over the world. Meeting the performance requirements will justify more and more a collective approach with capacity sharing. So far, collective solutions have been hampered by the reluctance of governments to share exclusive and sovereign responsibilities. The market of space applications is thus facing a general challenge regarding future growth: cost-effective solutions can be developed and operated only if the user base is consolidated. The comparison between the European and the U.S. “ecosystems” is very instructive: U.S. institutional and defense markets have provided until now key competitive advantages in the worldwide competition. Recent institutional initiatives at the European level (Copernicus, Galileo) balance this situation and improve the competitiveness of the European space industry. This evolution confirms the paramount importance of a strong institutional support, even for activities that are considered as “purely commercial” markets (e.g., satcoms). Nevertheless, a level playing field is still missing. Beyond technical issues, this article summarizes the findings of recent studies on the business cases and governance of space systems. Assessing examples in Europe and worldwide, the article analyzes the success factors, relying on a smart combination between institutional and commercial assets, dedicated systems and general purpose systems, and national versus European or international capacities, with a clear governance and mandate for the coordinating entities. Addressing fragmented markets will likely be the main growth opportunity in the coming years, while usual domains are becoming renewal markets. There is an opportunity for the services activity. Nevertheless, the main focus of this analysis is space infrastructure and more specifically the satellites needed for Earth observation, telecommunications, and navigation applications. The service dimension is addressed through its potential impact on the long-term sustainability of space systems. As already demonstrated for meteorology (with the cooperation between Eumetsat and NOAA on the Joint Polar System) and oceanography (with the Topex-Poseidon and Jason family), international cooperation plays definitely a major role. The successful implementation of large capacities will depend on the cooperation between two, three, or more stakeholders and is always a lengthy process. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of raising awareness and promoting best practices.

The Content Security Mechanism of Smart TV Broadcasting Operating System

Smart TV broadcasting system is an extensively deployed application which charges users based on their subscription. In Smart TV broadcasting service environments, services providers charge subscription fee by scrambling the programs in CAS. This technique...

차세대 지상파 4K UHD & HD 융합방송을 위한 전송 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

세계적으로 아날로그 방송에서 디지털 방송으로의 전환이 마무리되고 있는 가운데, 앞으로 다가올 UHDTV 등 실감의 대용량 방송 및 방송 통신 융합 환경에 대비하기 위한 새로운 차기 방송 표준에 관한 연구의 필요성이 날로 높아져 가고 있다. 특히, 저해상도 서비스에 머물러 있던 모바일 방송에서는 기존 HD급의 서비스 제공이 가능한 모바일 실감방송으로 진화하기 때문에 고정/이동 방송 서비스가 동시에 가능한 고효율 전송 원천 기술 개발이 이루어질 필요가 있다. 이에 최근 지상파 단일 채널을 통해 4K UHD (거치형) & HD (모바일) 방송 서비스를 동시에 제공하는 융합방송 시스템 개발에 대해서 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최신의 디지털 방송 전송 기법 및 영상 압축 기술에 대해서 소개하고, 지상파 단일 채널을 통해 4K & HD 융합방송 서비스를 제공하기 위한 서비스 모델 및 전송 요구 사항들에 대해서 분석한다. 이 후 최신의 방송 전송 기법 및 영상 압축 기술을 적용하였을 때, 6MHz & 8MHz 대역폭에서 지상파 4K UHD & HD 융합방송을 전송하기 위해 필요한 최적의 전송 파라메터를 도출하고 이를 이용해 AWGN 및 TU-6 채널에서의 융합방송 수신 성능을 검증하였다. 이를 통해 6MHz 대역폭에서의 원활한 HD 모바일 데이터의 수신이 140 Km/h 수신기 속도까지는 가능하나, 그 이상에서는 대역폭의 한계로 인해 원활한 수신이 이루어지지 않음을 확인하였다. 그리고 대역폭을 8 MHz로 확장할 경우, 매우 빠른 다중경로 페이딩 채널에서도 4K UHD 및 HD 계층 데이터의 수신이 원활히 이루어지는 것을 보였다. The worldwide transition from analog to digital broadcasting has now been completed and the need to study next generation standards for Ultra High Definition TV (UHDTV) broadcasting, and broadcasting & communication convergence systems is rapidly growing. In particular, high resolution mobile broadcasting services are needed to satisfy recent consumers. Therefore, the development of highly efficient convergence broadcasting systems that provide fixed/mobile broadcasting through a single channel is needed. In this paper, a service scenario and requirements for providing 4K UHD & HD convergence broadcasting services through a terrestrial single channel are analyzed by employing the latest transmission and A/V codec technologies. Optimized transmission parameters for 6 MHz & 8 MHz terrestrial bandwidths are drawn, and receiving performances are measured under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and time-varying multipath channels. From the results, in a 6 MHz bandwidth, the reliable receiving of HD layer data can be achieved when the receiver velocity is maximum 140 Km/h and is not achieved when the velocity is over 140 Km/h due to the limit of bandwidth. When the bandwidth is extended to 8 MHz, the reliable receiving of both 4K UHD and HD layer data is achieved under a very fast fading multipath channel.

DTV protection regions for spectrum sharing

In this Letter, the authors propose a technique that allows a secondary user (SU) to reuse the spectrum allocated to TV broadcast system. The approach is based on protection view point and an SU is allowed to transmit outside the noise limited contour (grade B contour) with additional protection margin. An algorithm was developed that predicts the grade B contour and makes a decision on the availability of the spectrum. The keep-out distance was obtained using the existing path loss models and a model developed based on field strength measure- ments conducted in the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) broadcast frequencies. Results of simulation indicate that the extra margin does not follow a linear curve as expected, but strongly depends on the operating frequency and terrain profile of the area. In addition, the measured model's prediction deviates significantly from the other models' prediction.

Tinjauan terhadap Model Bisnis Penyelenggaraan Penyiaran Tv Digital

TV broadcast systems are migrating from analogue to digital broadcasting system. Some countries in the world have completed this migration since a few years ago. America decided to stop broadcasting analog television in 2009. In Asia, Singapore launched this technology in 2004 and Malaysia implemented in 2006 (Depkominfo, 2009). With so many countries are migrating to digital broadcasting system, there are many business models that can be referred for organizing digital television broadcasts. In this writing, several business models that are used in the world will be reviewed and analyzed and the results can be a reference to determine the appropriate business model according to the organizers.

Approximation scheme for burst scheduling with minimum overhead in time slicing mobile TV

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing switching overhead of burst scheduling in time slicing mobile TV broadcast systems. This problem was formulated by Hsu and Hefeeda, and was given an elegant approximation scheme with an approximation ratio of at least two. Our proposed scheme significantly improves the approximation ratio of the previous scheme. More concretely, it generates a burst schedule for mobile TV systems whose switching overhead is at most $$(1/\ln 2)+\epsilon \simeq 1.4427$$ ( 1 / ln 2 ) + ∈ ? 1.4427 times of optimum, where $$\ln $$ ln is the natural logarithm and $$\epsilon $$ ∈ is arbitrary positive constant. Our scheme is a combination of a binary partion of burst cycles and a shifting method which is commonly used for the analysis of approximation algorithms designed for unit disk graphs.

ON THE STUDY OF EMPIRICAL PATH LOSS MODELS FOR ACCURATE PREDICTION OF TV SIGNAL FOR SECONDARY USERS

Demand for wireless communication technologies and systems keep increasing and has reached the peak where the capacity can only be achieved by improving spectrum utilization. The spectrum allocated to TV broadcast systems can be shared by wireless data services through exploiting spatial reuse opportunities (Spatial TV white space). Path loss models are used extensively in signal prediction, coverage optimization and interference analysis. Recently it is being used in estimating distances for safe operation of secondary users in TV white space. Peculiarities of these models give rise to high prediction errors when deployed in a difierent environment other than the one initially built for. It is however not very clear which model gives the best flt and what the penalties are for using the models outside the intended coverage area. In this paper, we assess the fltness of nine empirical widely used path loss models using flve novel metrics to gauge their performance. In order to achieve this, fleld strength measurements were conducted in the VHF and UHF regions along six difierent routes that spanned through the urban, suburban and rural areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. A program was developed in VB 6.0 language to compute the path losses for the empirical models. The measurement results were converted to path losses and are compared with the model's prediction. The results show that no single model provides a good flt consistently. However, Hata and Davidson models provide good fltness along some selected routes with measured RMSE values of less than 10dB. ITU-R P.1546-4, Walflsch Ikegami (WI),