Lymantriidae Research Articles

近畿地方におけるスギドクガの大発生について

近畿地方におけるスギドクガの大発生について

Preparation of (Z)-alkenes, ketones, and alkynes via trialkyltin chloride induced intramolecular transfer reaction of lithium 1-alkynyltrialkylborates. Stereoselective synthesis of the sex pheromones of the Douglas fir tussock moth, the gypsy moth, and the wild silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus

Preparation of (Z)-alkenes, ketones, and alkynes via trialkyltin chloride induced intramolecular transfer reaction of lithium 1-alkynyltrialkylborates. Stereoselective synthesis of the sex pheromones of the Douglas fir tussock moth, the gypsy moth, and the wild silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus

ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐12‐NONADECEN‐9‐ONE, CIS‐13‐EICOSEN‐10‐ONE, THE PHEROMONE OF PEACH FRUIT MOTH, AND CIS‐15‐HENEICOSEN‐11‐ONE, THE PHEROMONE OF DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 15, Issue 47 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CIS-12-NONADECEN-9-ONE, CIS-13-EICOSEN-10-ONE, THE PHEROMONE OF PEACH FRUIT MOTH, AND CIS-15-HENEICOSEN-11-ONE, THE PHEROMONE OF DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH S. ITO, S. ITOSearch for more papers by this authorN. SAITO, N. SAITOSearch for more papers by this authorK. HATAKEDA, K. HATAKEDASearch for more papers by this authorT. GOTO, T. GOTOSearch for more papers by this authorY. IKUSHIMA, Y. IKUSHIMASearch for more papers by this authorT. ASANO, T. ASANOSearch for more papers by this author S. ITO, S. ITOSearch for more papers by this authorN. SAITO, N. SAITOSearch for more papers by this authorK. HATAKEDA, K. HATAKEDASearch for more papers by this authorT. GOTO, T. GOTOSearch for more papers by this authorY. IKUSHIMA, Y. IKUSHIMASearch for more papers by this authorT. ASANO, T. ASANOSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 20, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198447372Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume15, Issue47November 20, 1984 RelatedInformation

PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): PREVENTION OF AN OUTBREAK THROUGH EARLY TREATMENT WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS BY GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATIONS

AbstractTwo different application methods were tested using a nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a control agent at an early stage in the outbreak cycle of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), in south central British Columbia in 1981. The virus, which often leads to the development of an epizootic late in the outbreak cycle, was propagated in whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith). A helicopter fitted with a boom and nozzle was used for treating four plots (total area 19.8 ha) at a dosage of 2.2 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) in an emitted volume of 11.3 L ha−1. Five to eight weeks after spraying, microscopic examination of live larvae showed that 77 to 100% were infected. In ground-spray applications of two other plots, a modified orchard-type sprayer was used to apply 2.4 × 1010 PIB in a volume of 4.5 L per tree. Microscopic diagnosis of live larvae at 8 weeks post-spray revealed 83 and 85% infection.In autumn 1981, no egg masses could be found in the plots treated earlier that year and no larvae were found on the sample trees in 1982 or 1983. The treatment was effective over a range of initial mean larval densities of 41 to 206 m−2 of foliage. At the same time, populations in nearby untreated areas increased in 1982. Little foliage protection was obtained the year of application due to the lengthy virus incubation period, but the trees recovered quickly when populations disappeared due to the virus epizootic.

Characterization of a Small RNA-Containing Virus in Field-Collected Larvae of the Tussock Moth, Lymantria ninayi , from Papua New Guinea

Field-collected larvae of the tussock moth, Lymantria ninayi, a major pest of exotic pines in Papua New Guinea, were found to contain a small RNA-containing virus with a diameter of 29 nm and a buoyant density of 1.32 g/ml. The RNA was single stranded, had a molecular weight of 2.8 x 10, and was polyadenylated. Virion RNA stimulated an in vitro translation system, and high-molecular-weight proteins were produced. Purified virions contained four structural proteins with molecular weights of 43,000, 38,000, 33,000, and 32,000. The virus reacted positively with antisera raised against a strain of Drosophila C virus. The properties of this virus indicate that it should be placed in the family Picornaviridae.

Avian Predators of Douglas-fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Southwestern Oregon

Twenty-one species of birds were identified as predators of the Douglas-fir tussock moth ( Orgyia pseudotsugata ) near Fort Klamath in southwestern Oregon. Nine species were seen eating larvae or pupae; 12 species were observed foraging on branches from which larvae or pupae disappeared. Dark-eyed junco, red-breasted nuthatch, and mountain chickadee were the dominant predators. Loss rates of tussock moth prey were closely associated with concurrent densities of avian predators.

EFFECT OF ASH FROM MOUNT ST. HELENS ON SURVIVAL OF NEONATE LARVAE OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

The eruption of Mount St. Helens in southwestern Washington on 18 May 1980, ejected tons of volcanic ash that settled over large portions of eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana. Although most of these areas received only a light dusting, the heaviest deposits in the central path of the ash plume formed a layer of ash 5 to 8 cm thick (Cook et al. 1981). The ash consisted of microscopic, jagged particles that were highly abrasive and easily damaged the epicuticular wax layer of insects, causing desiccation and eventual death (Brown and Hussain 1981). The impact of ash on a variety of agricultural-related insects in the fallout area has been described (Akre et al. 1981; Fye 1983; Howell 1981; Johansen et al. 1981; Klostermeyer et al. 1981). This note reports the effects of ash on small larvae of a major forest defoliator, the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), as determined in laboratory and field experiments.

Synthesis of cis-12-Nonadecen-9-one, cis-13-Icosen-10-one, the Pheromone of Peach Fruit Moth, and cis-15-Henicosen-11-one, the Pheromone of Douglas Fir Tussock Moth

Abstract A convenient synthesis of cis-12-nonadecen-9-one (4a), cis-13-icosen-10-one (4b), the pheromone of peach fruit moth, and cis-15-henicosen-11-one (4c), the pheromone of Douglas fir tussock moth, is described. 4a was synthesized from methyl 3-oxoundecanoate and 1-bromo-2-nonyne (2a) via 12-nonadecyn-9-one. The higher homo-log 4b could be obtained from methyl-3-oxododecanoate and 2a. Similarly, 4c was prepared from methyl 3-oxotridecanoate and 1-bromo-3-nonyne (2b).

PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING METHOD TO DETERMINE EGG MASS DENSITY

AbstractA sequential egg-mass sample system for Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was designed, based on visual scanning of the lower branches of Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A branch was removed from each quadrant from the upper, middle and lower crown level, and from the lowest whorl of a total of 59 non-defoliated trees in 10 areas. No consistent trend in egg-mass density per branch could be found between crown levels and no level proved superior as a representative of the tree. Therefore, the lower whorl of branches was selected for survey purposes because of sampling efficiency. Sample stop lines were determined from egg-mass density and variability data collected on 55 sites and subsequent defoliation estimates were related to these densities. The system is designed as an early detection tool to be used only in non-defoliated stands at the incipient stage of an impending outbreak.

ABUNDANCE OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS, AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE, FOLLOWING TREE DEFOLIATION BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA

AbstractFir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle numbers were monitored during and after an outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The population behavior of the two species of bark beetles was similar. Number of emerged offspring/female was highest during the years of defoliation and declined afterward. Total number of beetle attacks peaked 1 to 2 years after defoliation ended and then declined. During and 1 year after defoliation, beetles generally infested trees that had greater than 90% defoliation. After this time infestations were not as strongly associated with heavily defoliated trees. Life tables were constructed for beetles within trees and for beetles per area of forest land. Key mortality factors acting on beetles within trees occurred during the larval and pupal stages. Mortality during adult dispersal was a key factor when beetle density per area of land was considered. Although beetle offspring emerging per dm2 of bark surface was relatively low in defoliated trees, defoliation appeared to reduce host resistance which enabled beetles to successfully attack at lower densities, reducing intraspecific competition, and resulting in increased emergence of offspring/female parent.

New stereocontrolled approach to some insect pheromones via silicon-directed beckmann fragmentation

Abstract The major components of sex pheromones of potato tuberworm moth and Douglas fir tussock moth have been synthesized via the regio- and stereo-controlled Beckmann fragmentation assisted by trimethylsilyl group.

Selective alkylation of diethyl 3-oxoglutarate. Part XI. An easy synthesis of (E)-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid, the queen substance of the honey bee, and (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one, the sex pheromone of the douglas fir tussock moth.

Selective alkylation of diethyl 3-oxoglutarate. Part XI. An easy synthesis of (E)-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid, the queen substance of the honey bee, and (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one, the sex pheromone of the douglas fir tussock moth.

Enol ethers: preparation and synthetic applications

A versatile preparation of α-alkoxyphosphonium bromides leading to enol ethers by Wittig coupling was exploited for the convergent synthesis of pheromones from the Douglas-fir tussock moth and the olive fly Dacus oleae as well as an oxaspirolactone and C-glycoside.

Replication and serial passage of a singly enveloped baculovirus of Orgyia leucostigma in homologous cell lines.

A singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SNPV) of the white-marked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma, was successfully grown in four continuous cell lines developed from minced neonate larvae of this insect. Level of infection in two cell lines, IPRI-OL-12 and IPRI-OL-13, was 65-90%, but in the other two, IPRI-OL-4 and IPRI-OL-9, it was about 3%. Polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) appeared in the nuclei of cells within 24 h postinoculation. Cytopathological changes and morphogenesis of the virus, as revealed by light and electron microscopy, were in general typical of an SNPV. However, some of the PIBs contained very few virions, and some were fractured. Rate zonal centrifugation of alkali-released occluded virions further confirmed the singly enveloped characteristics of the virus. The SNPV was serially passaged 60 times each in OL-12 and OL-13 cells. Percentage infected cells and PIB production stayed generally high throughout serial passaging in OL-13 cells, but declined sharply after the 41st passage in OL-12 cells. PIBs from the 4th passage of the virus in OL-12 cells were tested and found to be pathogenic to O. leucostigma larvae.

Predation on Pupae of Douglas-fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Predation of artificially stocked Douglas-fir tussock moth pupae was 2 to 49% at sites in southern Oregon and the central Sierra Nevada in California, 1976–1979. Predation was primarily by foliage-foraging birds and, to some extent, ants. Mortality caused by these guilds, and by other unidentified predators, varied inversely with natural pupal densities. Estimated prey consumption increased asymptotically, with predation reaching about 0.02/0.65 m 2 of foliage. Results suggest a maximum attainable pupal mortality of <0.1 per unit area of foliage by the predators considered.

ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ACYCLIC KETONES. SYNTHESIS OF SEX PHEROMONE OF DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH

AbstractAusgehend von den Sulfonen (I) werden die Dithioverbindungen (V) dargestellt, deren milde Hydrolyse mit CUCI, ‐SiO, zu den acyclischen Ketonen (VI) führt.

Tree-crown defoliation measurement from digitized photographs

Sequential color slides of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) tree were taken over several years to record the progression of crown defoliation by Douglas-fir tussock moth (Orgyiapseudotsugata McDunnough) and foliage recovery. The slides were digitized using a microdensitometer and analysed with a GEMS-300 image analysis system in an effort to detect changes in the amount of crown foliage. Digital images were successfully registered (overlaid) to standardize comparisons of the tree-crown profile in the various photographs. Image analysis algorithms developed for airborne or satellite multispectral scanner data were used to detect changes in crown profiles. The decrease in the amount of defoliation over time after the initial severe insect attack, estimated by a variable threshold technique, was similar to ocular ground-based estimates by well-trained observers. The supervised maximum-likelihood classification technique was found not suitable in this study.

Vertical Distribution of Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Eggs in Suboutbreak Conditions

Douglas-fir tussock moth egg masses were found throughout the foliar portions of the crowns of 12-m Douglas-fir trees, but there was a trend to higher density in the upper crown. In 1-min visual surveys taken before trees were sampled in detail, 11% of the total egg masses present on the trees were observed.

MORTALITY OF LARVAE IN STOCKED COHORTS OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

AbstractCohorts of instar I larvae of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, were stocked on branches of white fir, Abies concolor. Branches were either exposed naturally over drop-trays or protected with cages of nylon netting. Only 8.7% of the larvae in exposed cohorts survived to pupate, compared with 68.0% survival in caged cohorts where dispersal and predation were prevented. Losses from the exposed cohorts were caused mostly by arthropod predation, disappearance, and non-replaced dispersal. Disappearance of early larvae was attributed primarily to predation by spiders and insects while disappearance of late larvae was suspected to be due mostly to bird predation. In an analysis of k-values, actual or suspected predation accounted for 47.2% and dispersal 40.5% of the total loss.

A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Acyclic Ketones. Synthesis of Sex Pheromone of Douglas Fir Tussock Moth

Abstract (α-Alkyl-α-methylthio)alkyl p-tolyl sulfones derived from the reaction of α-alkylated alkyl p-tolyl sulfones with dimethyl disulfide could be easily hydrolyzed by CuCl2–SiO2 to give the corresponding ketones in fairly good yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of Douglas Fir Tussock Moth Pheromone.