Turn-taking Strategy Research Articles

Conversational Analysis: A Holding the Turn on A Trans “Mother” Debates Matt Walsh on Womanhood

The aimed of this research are to examined conversation analysis, specifically turn-taking strategy by type of holding the turn in a channel, YouTube of Matt Walsh, A Trans “Mother” Debates Matt Walsh on Womanhood. This research was used a qualitative technique by Creswell and Sudaryanto and Stenstroom's framework was used to assess the turn-taking strategy used in the conversation, with types of holding the turn being filled pause, repetition, and silent pause. The analysis consists of four steps: watching A Trans “Mother” Debates Matt Walsh on Womanhood, creating the transcription of the dialogue, and the data must be classified and interpreted. According to the findings of this study, a turn-taking strategy appears in the conversation. Filled pauses or verbal fillers, repetition, and silent pauses were all present. Filled pauses of verbal fillers and repetition are the most commonly employed turn-taking strategies on the data source. Therefore, this study suggests that conversation analysis is important for understanding the intent of people's speech. Furthermore, this research can be used to reflect on both theoretical and practical contributions. This study lends credence to the hypothesis of conversation analysis in turn-taking strategy. The researchers found the data of filled pause (5), repetition (4), and silent pause (1).

Turn-Taking Strategy During Video Conference Learning to Boost Student’s Confidence to Speak English

Turn-taking strategy is considered as an important strategy in online learning, especially when the learning is utilizing zoom application. The main objective of this study was to explore students’ perceptions of using turn-taking strategy using during the video conferencing to boost students’ confidence in speaking English. The study involved ten Islamic high school students in Medan. They were selected purposively to be interviewed. Following Miles and Huberman (2014), the data analysis procedure involved data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that teacher regarded his students’ confidence increased during the learning through video conference. The results also revealed that the students also feel the same way as the teacher does. This happened because of lack of anxiety which can be seen by the way students behave when they were in zoom video conference. The findings implied that turn-taking strategy can be regarded as one appropriate strategy to be used during online learning through video conference application to help students’ confidence in speaking English.

The Comparison of Conversational Features Used by Joe Biden and Donald Trump in Political Debate

Conversation analysis is used to identify the use of features in an interaction by considering the institutional settings or situation. Here, political situation is used because of the condition of controlled situation must be different. This study aimed to compare the conversational features used by Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the final presidential election debate of America in 2020. This was a qualitative study using the conversational analysis approach proposed by Schegloff (1974). The data were analyzed based on the conversational features used including turn-taking strategies, adjacency pairs, and repairs. The results found there were some similarities and differences of conversational features used by both candidates. The similarities showed both speakers preferred to use most of all turn-taking strategies, types of first and second-pair parts, and repair strategies. Besides, the differences were found in the number of conversational features used. Donald Trump tent to use more features since he used more turn-taking strategy to take the turn during the debate. In sum, in political setting, people tend to take more turn to share their idea and respond the other. It affects the use of another conversational features including the frequency of using them. Furthermore, the result of comparing using three features in a political situation becomes the novelty of this research since this setting is a rare topic in conversation analysis. This result is also contributed on enriching references of future research using conversation analysis specifically in a political setting.

TURN-TAKING STRATEGY: THE EFFECTIVE WAY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

The purpose of this research is to improve students’ speaking ability using a turn-taking strategy, The design of this research is classroom action research, this research uses two cycles, and each cycle has some stages, such as planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data analysis of this research used tests and observation. The result of this research is the students’ self-confidence was increased, the students’ communication was improved, and the students decreased their mother tongue use. It can be seen from the score of each test. Additionally, the score of the students increased in each cycle, in cycle 1 when the researcher do the speaking test, the student’s score was 73, which means that the students still got under the standard score. In cycle 2 the students’ score was 80, which means that the students got a high score. Thus, it can be concluded that the turn-taking strategy was an appropriate strategy to improve students’ speaking ability at MAN 1 Mataram.

Conversation Analysis: Turn-Taking Analysis in Variety’s Actors on Actors Conversation Video featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield

This study is proposed to analyze conversation analysis, especially for turn-taking strategy in a video of Actors on Actors Conversation by Variety featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield. This study used a qualitative method with Stenstrom’s framework to analyze the turn-taking strategy used in the conversation. The process of analysis consists of four steps; streaming Variety’s Actors on Actors Conversation video featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield, transcribing the conversation, classifying the data, and interpreting the data. The result of this study showed that turn-taking strategies appear in the conversation. There were starting up, promoting, interrupting, repeating words, taking over, overlapping, appealing, silent pauses, and filled pauses. The most frequent turn-taking strategy used is the overlapping strategy. Therefore, this study suggests that conversation analysis is important for understanding the intent of people's speech. In addition, this study can be used as a reflection on both theoretical and practical contributions. In theory, this study supports the theory of conversation analysis in turn-taking strategies. In fact, teachers can use it as a reference for applied linguistics courses.

AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATION STRUCTURE IN LITTLE BIG SHOT AMERICA

Conversation analysis is used to analyze conversation among people. It can be done from the point of view of conversational structure and also part of conversation. This mini research focuses on the conversational structure and strategy used in conversation. Two main focuses on the research are global structure and Local structure. Global structure is overall organization of conversation, which is opening, body and closing. Local structure consists of the use of turn-taking strategy, the existence of adjacency pairs and how the speakers give feedback. The object of the study is talent talk show Little Big Shot America, in season 1, episode 1. There were many researches about conversation analysis with TV show as the object study. But this study is different because the show involves kids as the guest. It leads to the result that many strategies used in conversation different from the strategy which involves both adults as the speaker and audience. Although there are many strategies used in the show, the host mostly used Turn-claiming strategy to keep the floor and to let the kids “return” to the turn that they are engaged. It happened because kids often move from one turn to another, jumping from one topic to another one.

An Architecture for Collaborative Terrain Sketching with Mobile Devices.

3D terrains used in digital animations and videogames are typically created by several collaborators with a single-user application, which constrains them to update the shared terrain from their PCs, using a turn-taking strategy. Moreover, collaborators have to visualize the terrain through 2D views, confusing novice users when conceiving its shape in 3D. In this article, we describe an architecture for collaborative applications, which allow co-located users to sketch a terrain using their mobile devices concurrently. Two interaction modes are supplied: the standard one and an augmented reality-based mode, which helps collaborators understand the 3D terrain shape. Using the painting with brushesparadigm, users can modify the terrain while visualizing its shape evolution through the camera of their devices. Work coordination is promoted by enriching the 3D space with each collaborator’s avatar, which provides awareness information about identity, location, and current action. We implemented a collaborative application from this architecture that was tested by groups of users, who assessed its hedonic and pragmatic qualities in both interaction modes and compared them with the qualities of a similar Web terrain editor. The results showed that the augmented reality mode of our prototype was considered more attractive and usable by the participants.

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS: TURN TAKING ON INDONESIA LAWYER CLUB TALK SHOW

This present study aims at analyzing the turn-taking strategy in a debate of Sunda Empire in Indonesia Lawyer Club (ILC) talk show broadcasted by TV One, one of the national television channels in Indonesia. Sunda Empire is an organization whose foundation lies in the romanticized idea of reviving glorious feudal kingdom of Sunda. With the application of the turn-taking strategy by Stenstroom's framework, this qualitative study was conducted through conversational analysis. There were five steps in analyzing the conversation, such as streaming Indonesia lawyer club episode Sunda Empire, taking note of the conversation, classifying the data, transcribing the data, translating the data, and interpreting the data. The results of the study revealed that all turn-taking strategies appear in the debate namely starting up, taking over, interrupting, overlapping, repair, silent pause, repeating words, filled pause, promoting, appealing, and giving up strategy. The most frequent turn-taking strategy occurred is starting up strategy. Theoretically, this study can support the theory of conversational analysis of turn-taking strategy. Practically, teachers can use it as a reference for an applied linguistics course.

Turn-taking in cooperative offspring care: by-product of individual provisioning behavior or active response rule?

For individuals collaborating to rear offspring, effective organization of resource delivery is difficult because each carer benefits when the others provide a greater share of the total investment required. When investment is provided in discrete events, one possible solution is to adopt a turn-taking strategy whereby each individual reduces its contribution rate after investing, only increasing its rate again once another carer contributes. To test whether turn-taking occurs in a natural cooperative care system, here we use a continuous time Markov model to deduce the provisioning behavior of the chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps), a cooperatively breeding Australian bird with variable number of carers. Our analysis suggests that turn-taking occurs across a range of group sizes (2–6), with individual birds being more likely to visit following other individuals than to make repeat visits. We show using a randomization test that some of this apparent turn-taking arises as a by-product of the distribution of individual inter-visit intervals (“passive” turn-taking) but that individuals also respond actively to the investment of others over and above this effect (“active” turn-taking). We conclude that turn-taking in babblers is a consequence of both their individual provisioning behavior and deliberate response rules, with the former effect arising through a minimum interval required to forage and travel to and from the nest. Our results reinforce the importance of considering fine-scale investment dynamics when studying parental care and suggest that behavioral rules such as turn-taking may be more common than previously thought.Significance statementCaring for offspring is a crucial stage in the life histories of many animals and often involves conflict as each carer typically benefits when others contribute a greater share of the work required. One way to resolve this conflict is to monitor when other carers contribute and adopt a simple “turn-taking” rule to ensure fairness, but natural parental care has rarely been studied in sufficient detail to identify such rules. Our study investigates whether cooperatively breeding chestnut-crowned babblers “take turns” delivering food to offspring, and (if so) whether this a deliberate strategy or simply a by-product of independent care behavior. We find that babblers indeed take turns and conclude that part of the observed turn-taking is due to deliberate responsiveness, with the rest arising from the species’ breeding ecology.

A methodology for turn-taking capabilities enhancement in Spoken Dialogue Systems using Reinforcement Learning

This article introduces a new methodology to enhance an existing traditional Spoken Dialogue System (SDS) with optimal turn-taking capabilities in order to increase dialogue efficiency. A new approach for transforming the traditional dialogue architecture into an incremental one at a low cost is presented: a new turn-taking decision module called the Scheduler is inserted between the Client and the Service. It is responsible for handling turn-taking decisions. Then, a User Simulator which is able to interact with the system using this new architecture has been implemented and used to train a new Reinforcement Learning turn-taking strategy. Compared to a non-incremental and a handcrafted incremental baselines, it is shown to perform better in simulation and in a real live experiment.

Discourse Markers as Turn-Transition Devices: Evidence From Speech and Instant Messaging

In this article we investigate the relation between discourse markers and turn-transition strategies in face-to-face conversations and Instant Messaging (IM), that is, unplanned, real-time, text-based, computer-mediated communication. By means of a quantitative corpus study of utterances containing a discourse marker, we show that utterance-final discourse markers are used more often in IM than in face-to-face conversations. Moreover, utterance-final discourse markers are shown to occur more often at points of turn-transition compared with points of turn-maintenance in both types of conversation. From our results we conclude that the discourse markers in utterance-final position can function as a turn-transition mechanism, signaling that the turn is over and the floor is open to the hearer. We argue that this linguistic turn-taking strategy is essentially similar in face-to-face and IM communication. Our results add to the evidence that communication in IM is more like speech than like writing.

Commentaire

This article introduces a new methodology to enhance an existing traditional Spoken Dialogue System (SDS) with optimal turn-taking capabilities in order to increase dialogue efficiency. A new approach for transforming the traditional dialogue architecture into an incremental one at a low cost is presented: a new turn-taking decision module called the Scheduler is inserted between the Client and the Service. It is responsible for handling turn-taking decisions. Then, a User Simulator which is able to interact with the system using this new architecture has been implemented and used to train a new Reinforcement Learning turn-taking strategy. Compared to a non-incremental and a handcrafted incremental baselines, it is shown to perform better in simulation and in a real live experiment.