Turmeric Plants Research Articles

Study on Single and Combination of Galangal, Turmeric, and Ginger Ethanol Extracts as Anthelmintic

Soil-Transmitted Helminth infection (STH) such as ascariasis, has become one of the most persistent parasitic diseases in most developing countries, including Indonesia. Galangal, turmeric, and ginger plants are known to provide various of pharmacologically active substances which commonly used as antibacterial, aphrodisiac, and antiparasitic. This research was aimed to study the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of ginger, turmeric, galangal in single extract as well as their combination against Ascaris suum Goeze as a model. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed by determining the profile of time of paralysis (TOP), time of death (TOD), and the IC50­ of the inhibition activity from single extracts and extract combinations as well as the combination index (CI). The results showed that galangal, turmeric, and ginger ethanol extract have anthelmintic activity with IC50 7.66, 22, and 13,14 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values for the extract combination of galangal with turmeric (KL), galangal with ginger (JL), and turmeric with ginger (JK) were 10.22; 3.92; and 34.93 mg/mL, respectively. The synergistic combination properties were shown by combination of galangal with turmeric extracts and galangal with ginger extracts with the combination index (CI) 0,67 and 0,38, respectively.

Use of silver nanoparticles to suppress Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Plant viruses have remained a nuisance to profitable and sustainable crop cultivation; and concerted efforts have been exercised to salvage this menace. In this study, the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in ginger and turmeric plants was investigated using the technique of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using SYBR Green. The plants comprising three groups; treated, untreated and healthy controls were mechanically inoculated with a purified CMV suspension at early plant growth. The virus concentration was then measured after the inoculation before silver nanoparticles were applied at 20 ppm per treated plant. The virus concentration significantly declined after the suppressive effect by AgNPs (p < 0.01) in the treated plants from one-month post-inoculation (MPI) and sustained through 5 MPI. Thus, AgNPs have provided an avenue for the management of CMV infection in ginger and turmeric.

The Content Of Heavy Metal In Turmeric (Curcuma Domestica Val.) In The Volcanic Rocks Oligocene-Miocene Volcano, Biting Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia

The Biting Wonogiri area is an area composed of Oligocene-Miocene volcanic deposits and volcanic deposits from Lawu Volcano. The rocks in this area consist of pyroclastic rocks, volcanic breccia, and dacite intrusions. Residents in this area more commonly grow herbal plants such as turmeric. Turmeric plants are mostly planted on old volcanic rocks, namely the Oligocene-Miocene age. By studying the planting patterns of residents, an analysis was carried out regarding the heavy metal chemical elements contained in turmeric. The research methodology was carried out using geological mapping to determine the distribution of the rocks that make up the research area and AAS analysis (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). This AAS method is used to determine heavy metal content. The heavy metal elements analyzed in turmeric were Hg, Pb, As, Fe, Al, and Mn. From the analysis results it was found that the heavy metal elements Hg, Pb, and As had very low levels, namely around 0.005-0.400 mg/Kg. Meanwhile, the elements Al, Fe, and Mg have high contents. Turmeric grown on dacite and volcanic breccia has higher Al (622.3-1362.76 mg/Kg) and Fe (271.32-806.27 mg/Kg) content compared to turmeric planted on sedimentary rock. Meanwhile, the metal element Mn varies around 6.85-122.01 mg/Kg. By knowing the content of these Western metal elements, it is hoped that turmeric, which contains heavy metal elements, can be used as a superior herbal herbal medicine. These metal elements, which are very important nutrients, come from old volcanic rocks.

Efek Pengaplikasian Sitokinin Dan Paclobutrazol Terhadap Ukuran Rimpang Tanaman Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.)

Since COVID-19, the demand for turmeric has continued to increase both domestically and for export opportunities. This encourages the continued development of turmeric cultivation. The use of growth regulators can be done to regulate plant growth patterns. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of cytokinin and paclobutrazole on the size of the rhizomes of turmeric plants (Curcuma domestica Val.). This study used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) with 2 treatment factors, which are : Factor I Cytokinin (S) consists of 3 kinds, namely S1: 0 mg/l water, S2: 10 mg/l water and S3: 20 mg/l water while, Factor II: Paclobutrazole (K) consists of 4 kinds, namely: P1: 0 g/l water, P2: 0.50 g/l water, P3: 0.75 g/l water, P4: 1 g/l water. Based on the results of the experiment, it shows that the application of ZPT Cytokinin (BAP) and Paclobutrazole on turmeric plants gives a real interaction effect on the observation of vegetative growth of plant height, while on the harvest observation variable only gives a real interaction effect on the observation of plant biomass and not real on the number of tubers and tuber weight. The concentration and time of application of cytokinin (BAP) and paclobutrazole will affect the nature of stimulation and inhibition of growth, the application of BAP at a concentration of 10-20 mg / l water can increase growth but if combined with paclobutrazole above 0.75 g / l water will actually have an inhibiting effect.

Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Turmeric Plants (Curcuma longa L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in a mutualistic relationship with their hosts. They can produce secondary metabolites that are similar to the host plant. Turmeric plants (Curcuma longa L) are highly valued for their medicinal properties and contain active compounds in their rhizomes that act as antibacterials. This study aimed to measure the inhibitory effect of endophytic fungi from turmeric rhizomes against the growth of two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study involved isolating fungi, observing macroscopic and microscopic morphology, and testing the antibacterial activity of turmeric endophytic fungi against E. coli and S. aureus. A type of endophytic fungi was successfully isolated from the turmeric plant. The morphological characteristics of the endophytic fungi from turmeric plants include a white colour with a cotton-like texture, umbonate topography, radial lines, and concentric circles. In contrast, the microscopic characteristics include septate hyphae and conidia. Turmeric endophytic fungi were found to inhibit both pathogenic bacteria with inhibition zones of 19.25 mm (strong) against E. coli and 13.75 mm (strong) against S. aureus. In conclusion, this study successfully isolated endophytic fungi from turmeric plants that can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. However, further identification of the strain and activity tests is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the bioactive compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

PM2.5 induces lung inflammation through ANGPTL4

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a common major air pollutant and is associated with decreased lung function, induced allergic airway inflammation and is closely correlated with chronic lung diseases. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a cytokine with multiple functions, participating in processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Curcumin is an active compound found in turmeric plants and possesses various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was twofold: firstly, to investigate the involvement of ANGPTL4 in lung inflammation and carcinogenesis under PM2.5 exposure, and secondly, to explore the impact of curcumin on ANGPTL4 expression and its potential in lung cancer chemoprevention. We used protein array to detect severe proinflammatory cytokines and then used qPCR to confirm by increasing the concentration of PM2.5 to enhance the expressions of CXCL1, CXCL5; IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-3α and inflammatory or fibrosis associated proteins. Curcumin inhibits PM2.5 induced ANGPTL4 and the IκB-α (inhibitor of NFκB) dependent inflammatory pathway. Silencing of ANGPTL4 by shRNA will restore IκB-α and MIP-3α expression. In conclusion, the increased expression of ANGPTL4 after treatment with PM2.5 in lung cells may be one of the mechanisms by which PM2.5 exposure contributes to lung inflammation progression and our results provide evidence that curcumin in anti-inflammation therapeutics could be a beneficial chemopreventive agent.

Clonal Propagation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Confirmation of Genetic Fidelity of the Micropropagated Shoots by RAPD Markers

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is used as a spice and has excellent medicinal value. However, the field multiplication rate of turmeric plants is not satisfactory. In vitro methods could be a feasible alternative to vegetative propagation in the field. This study was aimed at developing a suitable protocol for the clonal propagation of turmeric confirming the genetic fidelity of the in vitro regenerated plantlets. The explants of shoot bud (full, half, and quarter), root, rhizome, and leaf were cultivated on MS medium with BAP, NAA, and Kinetin. Cultured shoot buds showed a higher regeneration frequency and shoots per explant than those obtained from other explants. The highest shoot regeneration was 72.49% from shoot buds, followed by rhizome (68.76%) and the lowest was 53.93 % from ¼ shoot buds. There were significant effects of growth regulator combinations and concentrations in shoot regeneration from shoot bud explant. The highest shoot regeneration per shoot bud explant was 4.42 with BAP at 20.0 mg/l and NAA at 0.5 mg/l at 24 weeks. The best rooting response with 9.75 roots per explant was reported with 1.0 mg/l BAP with 1.0 mg/l NAA. The rooted plants were successfully transferred to pots for their acclimatization. Both the micropropagated shoots and their mother plant produced monomorphic bands with the six RAPD markers that confirm the genetic fidelity of micropropagated clones. These results showed that in vitro raised plantlets of turmeric had no risk of somaclonal variations and were found to be true-to-type in nature over the culture period. The protocol developed through this investigation has the potential application for the rapid multiplication of turmeric plants. Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 34(1): 55-69, 2024 (June)

Effect of planting material and pre-planting storage method on rhizome sprouting, crop stand, and seed rhizome yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) at Teppi, Southwestern Ethiopia

A two-year study experiment was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 at the Teppi Agricultural Research Center (TARC) with the aim of identifying suitable planting material and an appropriate pre-planting storage method that can enhance turmeric seed quality and yield under rain-fed conditions. The experiment consisted of three planting materials (mother rhizomes, finger rhizomes, and mixed rhizomes) and five pre-planting storage methods (cemented floor, under tree shade, raised mesh-wired bed, pit with grass cover, and pit with soil cover). These factors were factorially arranged using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results from the analysis of variance revealed that the seed quality, growth, and seed rhizome yield of turmeric were significantly (p&lt;0.05) influenced by the main effect of both planting material and storage method. However, their interaction effect did not significantly affect these attributes (p&gt;0.05). The highest clean and sprouted seed rhizomes, as well as total sprouts, were recorded in mother seed rhizomes and seed rhizomes stored under tree shade. Conversely, storing mother seed rhizomes on cemented floors resulted in the highest seed weight losses. Finger seed rhizomes stored in soil-covered pits produced the highest percentages of non-sprouted and decayed seed rhizomes. Regarding growth attributes, mother seed rhizomes led to the highest plant stands, plant height, stem girth, leaf growth, and tiller number. Storing seed rhizomes under tree shade performed the best across these growth attributes. Turmeric plants grown from mother seed rhizomes yielded a higher number of mother and finger rhizomes per plant and the highest fresh rhizome yield. Likewise, storing seed rhizomes under tree shade resulted in the highest fresh rhizome yield. In general, utilizing mother seed rhizomes and storing them under tree shade improved turmeric seed quality, growth, and seed rhizome yield. Therefore, farmers in the area are recommended to adopt these practices, but further research is needed to assess their economic feasibility.

Studies on the Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Quality Parameters of Turmeric

Background: The health of the soil is negatively impacted by chemical fertilizer sources and plants are less able to absorb the readily available nutrients. The current study used several nutrition sources to reduce the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers, boost nutrient availability and preserve health. Methods: The present experiment was conducted in a field laboratory during 2017-19. 4 different manures, 3 different bio-fertilizers and graded levels of NPK were applied in the form of 13 treatments. Data on the vegetative development of turmeric plants were collected before harvesting and quality data were obtained after harvesting and some processing. Result: Vermicompost + NPK (100%) + Biofertilizers showed the highest results by considering the leaf number (23.64), tiller number (4.25) and height of plant (191.74 cm). Higher dry recovery (23.56%), oleoresin (13.48%) and curcumin content (6.16%). Alternative sources of nutrients are reducing the dose of chemical fertilizers application as well as improving the vegetative growth and quality of turmeric rhizome. In this way, we can replace 25-50% of chemical fertilizers with organic sources and enhance the soil health for plant growth and production.

Effect of planting material and pre-planting storage method on rhizome sprouting, crop stand, and seed rhizome yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) at Teppi, Southwestern Ethiopia

A two-year study experiment was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 at the Teppi Agricultural Research Center (TARC) with the aim of identifying suitable planting material and an appropriate pre-planting storage method that can enhance turmeric seed quality and yield under rain-fed conditions. The experiment consisted of three planting materials (mother rhizomes, finger rhizomes, and mixed rhizomes) and five pre-planting storage methods (cemented floor, under tree shade, raised mesh-wired bed, pit with grass cover, and pit with soil cover). These factors were factorially arranged using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results from the analysis of variance revealed that the seed quality, growth, and seed rhizome yield of turmeric were significantly (p&lt;0.05) influenced by the main effect of both planting material and storage method. However, their interaction did not significantly affect these attributes (p&gt;0.05). The highest clean and sprouted seed rhizomes, as well as total sprouts, were recorded in mother seed rhizomes and seed rhizomes stored under tree shade. Conversely, storing mother seed rhizomes on cemented floors resulted in the highest seed weight losses. Finger seed rhizomes stored in soil-covered pits produced the highest percentages of non-sprouted and decayed seed rhizomes. Regarding growth attributes, mother seed rhizomes led to the highest plant stands, plant height, stem girth, leaf growth, and tiller number. Storing seed rhizomes under tree shade performed the best across these growth attributes. Turmeric plants grown from mother seed rhizomes yielded a higher number of mother and finger rhizomes per plant and the highest fresh rhizome yield. Likewise, storing seed rhizomes under tree shade resulted in the highest fresh rhizome yield. In general, utilizing mother seed rhizomes and storing them under tree shade improved turmeric seed quality, growth, and seed rhizome yield. Therefore, farmers in the area are recommended to adopt these practices, but further research is needed to assess their economic feasibility.

The pattern of use of herbal plants by the community to increase body immunity

The immune system functions to protect the body from infectious agents. Modulation of the immune system is needed to ensure that it is able to fight various attacks by microorganisms that cause infection. One simple way to increase the body’s immunity is to consume herbal plants. Several studies have proven the activity of several herbal plants as immunostimulant agents. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. The aim of this research was to identify herbal plants for body immunity, and describe patterns of use of herbal plants to increase body immunity. The research finding revealed that herbal plants that can increase the body’s immunity are ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, cinnamon, sungkai leaves, black cumin and various other plants, most of which are still consumed in traditional ways. The largest number of respondents who used herbal concoctions to improve health was 225 respondents. There was a pattern of using herbal plants in the people of North Sumatra to increase the body’s immunity by consuming them in the form of direct decoction, herbal drink products, capsules and powder form, and syrup form.

Effect of Chitosan on Increasing Beneficial Soil Microflora and Disease Suppression in Turmeric Plants in Humid Tropics of Kerala, India

The present study assessed the population of nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers in the rhizosphere, and suppression of leaf blotch disease caused by Taphrina maculans (Order: Taphrinales, Family: Taphrinaceae) in turmeric plants in response to chitosan application. Leaf blotch disease caused by Taphrina maculans has recorded upto 37.60 % to 52.90 % yield loss in turmeric. Hence, control measures have to be adopted. Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin, which could evoke defense responses in plants. The treatments for this study included, foliar spray of chitosan 2 g L-1 at monthly intervals (F1), foliar spray of chitosan 4 g L-1 at bimonthly intervals (F2), soil drenching of chitosan 2 g L-1 at monthly interval (S1) and soil drenching of chitosan 4 g L-1 at bimonthly interval (S2). The untreated plants served as the control. The population of beneficial soil microbes were assessed and soil application of chitosan was observed to have better effect over foliar application with respect to the population of nitrogen fixing bacteria. More population of nitrogen fixing bacteria was recorded in the soil where chitosan 4 g L-1 was applied as soil drenching at bimonthly interval (S2). The population of phosphate solubilizers were significantly higher over the control in all the chitosan treatments irrespective of the mode of application. However, the higher population of phosphate solubilizers were observed, when chitosan 2 g L-1 was given as foliar spray at monthly intervals (F1). The chitosan treated plants were also observed to have significantly lower incidence of leaf blotch disease compared to control plants. The use of chitosan as a plant biostimulant protects the plant from soil borne pathogens and increases the population of beneficial soil microflora, which have a role in improving the nutrient uptake by plants thereby enhancing the plant growth and yield.

Ethnobotany of Javanese Medicinal Plants in Batumarta VI, South Sumatra

The people of South Sumatra still maintain the customs and customs of each tribe, both immigrant and native tribes. One of the immigrant tribes that still preserves its culture is the Javanese tribe. This research aims to find out what plants, processing methods, UV (Use Value) and FL (Fidelity Level) values of plants are used as traditional medicine for Javanese people in Batumarta VI Village, South Sumatra. Data collection in this research was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The research results showed that there were 52 species of plants used as traditional medicine from 24 plant families. The plants most widely used in medicine are the Zingiberaceae family. Plant parts used include stems, leaves, roots, fruit, flowers, seeds and rhizomes. The processing method is by boiling, brewing, kneading, grating, dripping, cooking, squeezing, pounding, soaking and rubbing. The highest UV (Use Value) and FL (Fidelity Level) values are for turmeric plants with values respectively 0.13 and 68%

Evaluating biochemical and pharmacological properties of Curcuma longa L. grown organically in two locations of Odisha, India: In vitro study

Organic farmers use nitrogen-fixing cover crops, herbicides, and biological fertilizers derived chiefly from animal and plant wastes. Curcumin levels are higher in this turmeric variety than in other types with differing pharmacological effects. Growing concerns about the safety of chemical fertilizers have heightened the need to identify locally adapted microbial strains that can be employed as a growth-promoting inoculum. Although research on the microbial diversity of the soil in Kandhamal and Koraput, India, was published, there is still a lack of information about the microbial community of the turmeric that is indigenous to these regions. This research compares and contrasts organically grown turmeric's growth-promoting and antibacterial activities with normally developed turmeric. This is a preliminary study that focuses on the microbiota communities of the study region. In vitro results showed that these properties have been shown to positively affect the development and nutritional content of studied turmeric plants; hence, they are regarded as key plant growth promoters. Using conventional and organic soil, both Kandhamal and Koraput rhizome sample was planted. The aqueous and methanolic rhizome extracts from both soil conditions were extracted. The Agar well diffusion method examined the rhizome extract's antibacterial activity. Bacteria were isolated and characterized from the rhizosphere and conducted various biochemical experiments. When tested against nine human pathogenic microorganisms, rhizomes harvested with vermicompost showed significantly increased antibacterial activity. The rhizospheric bacteria isolated from the organic soil region also help promote plant growth and development and provide adequate nutrients for growth and development. In every single experiment, the organically produced rhizome yielded superior results. The present study concludes that organic turmeric showed better and more effective results in increasing nutrient content, antibacterial activity and yield. Potential field applications necessitate more study into these rhizobacteria's molecular and functional characterization. Future improvements to biocontrol methods may come from studies examining the viability of deploying integrative, long-term bio-formulations in the field. The present research can potentially be used to investigate antibiotic synthesis by microbial communities in turmeric soil.

Characterization of a Novel Starch Isolated from the Rhizome of Colombian Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Cultivars.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plants are native to Southeast Asia and are part of the Zingiberaceae family. Global consumption and production of this plant are expanding. In countries such as Colombia, turmeric is a promising cultivar. Curcuminoids derived from its rhizomes are used in food, pharmaceuticals, and natural cosmetics. Curcuminoids constitute approximately 3 wt% of the rhizome. Many residues rich in cellulose and starch can thus be recovered. This study characterizes a novel starch isolated from Colombian turmeric cultivars. The morphological parameters of the starch were determined using microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Proximate analysis and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to analyze the chemical composition, while physical analyses included thermal characterization, swelling power testing, solubility, water retention capacity, and colorimetry evaluation. The new starch granules were ellipsoidal in shape and ranged in diameter from 19.91 to 38.09. A trace amount of remaining curcumin was identified through chemical and physical characterization. The swelling power was 3.52 ± 0.30, and its water retention capacity was 3.44 ± 0.30. Based on these findings, turmeric can be useful in both food and non-food applications. Because starch was extracted from other Zingiberaceae plants, this study also includes a brief review of the related literature.

Effect of AM Fungi on Infectivity of Pythium Aphanidermatum in Curcuma Longa L.

Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) a perennial herb belongs to Zingiberaceae. It’s highly grown for its remarkable medicinal uses. Apart from medicinal properties and importance; Turmeric has not been emphasized much with respect to agricultural view. Sustainable agriculture is need of hour and hence it must be brought in practice on large scale. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has mutually beneficial relationship with the roots and support plants during biotic and abiotic stress. The function of AM fungi in different morphological parameters when Turmeric under biotic stress shows scanty records so far. Existing research studies are intended to evaluate an influence of AM fungi on Turmeric plant during biotic stress. During this investigation Turmeric plants were assessed for Growth and Vigour Index, relative mycorrhizal dependency, some biochemical contents and fresh weight of the rhizome. Statistical analysis of the results obtained showed strongly significant results.

Green Zeolite Synthesis Assisted with Plants Extract

The study explores the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite using kaolin clay from Perak in the presence of two different reduction mediums, namely turmeric extract and ginger extract, and a 2M NaOH solution, measuring their efficiency and potential for green synthesis. Before the zeolite synthesis and transformation, the kaolin clay was heated at a temperature of 650 oC for 4 hours in the furnace to produce the metakaolin phase. The synthesized zeolite involves the reaction of NaOH with potential reduction plant extracts to assist the transformation of zeolite. The characterization of the synthesized particles after being ground into a fine powder and subsequently undergoing testing and characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the existence of zeolite phases in both plants with slightly different zeolite compositions. Synthesis mixtures with turmeric plants show better composition of the zeolite phase as compared to ginger mixtures. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) also revealed that the synthesized product using turmeric plant extract was able to produce zeolite LTA with a good grade. The current experimental work shows the possibility of obtaining a well crystalline zeolite from Malaysian kaolin, assisted with plant extract reduction medium.

Evaluasi efektivitas tanaman repelen dalam pengendalian penggerek batang Apomecyna saltator F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) pada tanaman labu madu dengan pola tanam tumpang sari

Apomecyna saltator Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) merupakan hama tanaman labu madu yang keberadaannya perlu dikendalikan. Namun, informasi mengenai hama ini masih sangat terbatas. Pengendalian dengan penerapan pola tumpang sari memiliki prospek dan perlu dikembangkan untuk pengendalian hama ini sebagai bagian integral dari pengembangan pengendalian hama terpadu A. saltator. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola tanam tumpang sari tanaman labu madu dengan beberapa tanaman repelan terhadap persentase infestasi, populasi larva/pupa A. saltator, dan produksi labu madu. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu monokultur tanaman labu madu (A); tumpang sari tanaman labu madu dan serai (B); tumpang sari tanaman labu madu dan kunyit (C); tumpang sari tanaman labu madu dan bawang daun (D). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase infestasi A. saltator sampai 56 hari setelah tanam (HST) untuk semua perlakuan berkisar 72–79,6%. Populasi larva/pupa A. saltator berkisar 107–128 individu/9 tanaman. Produksi labu madu berkisar 21,97–26,75 kg/9 tanaman. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa tanaman kunyit, serai, dan bawang daun tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase infestasi, populasi A. saltator, dan produksi labu madu.

Disease Detection using Spatial Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

One of the most significant industries, agriculture, is crucial to the socio-economic progress of a nation like India. In agriculture, maintaining crops and preventing illness are difficult undertakings. They need professional human resources for the job, but it is really tough to find an experienced person. Foliar diseases in turmeric plants often cause significant reduction in both quality and quantity and result in economic loss for turmeric products. This paper presents an efficient image segmentation method using Spatial Fuzzy C means algorithms (FCM) to improve the segmentation accuracy using turmeric plant leaf images. The proposed method utilizes the advantage of noise-robust nature and provides more information in segmentation process. Moreover, spatial FCM algorithm is employed to overcome the limitation of K means and fuzzy C means (FCM) algorithm. The benefit of the spatial FCM algorithm for image segmentation in the sense of low computation time and the advantages of spatial FCM algorithm in the sense of accuracy are considered. The challenging task of proposed spatial FCM algorithm for image segmentation performance are analysed and evaluated based on their parameter like MSE, PSNR and Accuracy.

Review on Curcumin Compounds in Turmeric Plants for the Treatment of COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has a high fatality rate and is spreading quickly throughout the world. The WHO claims that SARS-CoV-2, a brand-new coronavirus strain, is to blame for this outbreak (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) and that COVID-19 must be treated with both conventional medical therapy and a combination of modern medicine. The technique of this study, a review of the literature, focused on numerous investigations looking at the potential of curcumin molecules from turmeric to cure the COVID-19 disease. Primary data for scientific papers is gathered from national and international journals through searches on electronic search engines like Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, or PubMed and selected publications are assessed, evaluated, and interpreted by authors. Turmeric contains substances that are immune system boosters, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, and antioxidants. Curcumin may prevent a number of viral infections, according to evidence. In vitro testing has shown that the SARS-CoV virus is resistant to curcumin's antiviral properties. It's possible that curcumin can halt viral replication. Curcumin has the potential to treat COVID-19 effectively. Curcumin has antiviral activity that can fight the SARS-CoV-two virus. Treatment with curcumin can change the virus top protein structure, preventing the virus from entering the body and from budding. Future study on the use of curcumin as SARS-Cov-2 virus inhibitory agent is necessary in order to employ it as a novel and long-lasting therapy option for COVID-19 patients.