Primary school time, which can be the first experience of a child’s exposure to crowds and collective life, is a critical period for the risk of infectious diseases. The carriage rate of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is highest among this group of children. It was reported that human carriers of this organism may transmit pathogenic strains to their companions. Because GABHS are important etiologic agents in pharyngitis of children between the ages of 5 to 15 years and because of their role as precursors of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis, this group of streptococci is of great importance 1. We know that socioeconomic status and cultural factors are closely related to public health. In this study, our aim was to investigate the GABHS carrier state in students of two primary schools from two different regions in Afyon and to determine the presence of resistance to penici l l in or erythromycin among these pathogens. We compared 100 students from each school, taking throat swabs for isolation of microorganisms. Students ranged in age Journal of Chemotherapy Vol. 13 n. 4 (444-445) 2001