Turkish National Research Articles

Retrospective Analysis of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Patients Prescribed Terbinafine and Itraconazole for Onychomycosis.

Introduction Onychomycosis (OM) is defined as a nail fungal infection. Its prevalence increases with advancing age. Human-to-human transmission makes it a serious public health risk. Although OM is not a life-threatening disease, it has a detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. Due to the long therapy duration and potential side effects of systemic antifungal medicines, physicians may be reluctant to treat OM orally. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of terbinafine and itraconazole on liver transaminases, the side effects of these treatments, and patients' adherence to systemic treatment of OM. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in our dermatology department (Ordu University, Ordu) between June 2020 and October 2021. Hospital records were analyzed, and patients with the diagnosis of tinea unguium (ICD code B35.1) were investigated. Patients who were prescribed terbinafine or itraconazole were included in the study. Following a clinical diagnosis of OM, the researchers first tried to confirm it through direct microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide (KOH). If the direct microscopic examination was negative but the suspicion about OM continued, confirmation was done through a fungal culture. Results This study included 735 patients, of whom 409 (55.6%) were female and 326 (44.4%) were male. The research covered all of the patients who were given one of these two medications. To find patients who could apply to other hospitals, the Turkish National Healthcare System was checked in addition to hospital information. To identify patients who could apply to other healthcare institutions, all hospitals share their data with this national healthcare system. Terbinafine was used by 433 patients (76.4%), 75 patients (13.2%), and 37 patients (6.5%), respectively, for one, two, and three months. A total of 119 patients (70.8%) took itraconazole for a month, 32 patients (19%) took it for two months, and four patients (2.33%) took it for three months. At the end of the first month, the proportion of the patients with elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) levels was 5.2% for terbinafine and 0% for itraconazole. Eighteen (8.4%) patients with terbinafine had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and four patients (7.5%) who were on itraconazole treatment had high ALT levels. None of the patients reported cutaneous adverse drug reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, or headaches due to OM treatment. Also, no patients discontinued treatment because of hepatotoxicity. Conclusion In this study, none of the patients discontinued the treatment because of hepatotoxicity. According to the results of this study, oral terbinafine and itraconazole can be used with close follow-up. Baseline and regular laboratory monitoring for AST and ALT should be done to monitor liver toxicity with terbinafine and itraconazole. Besides, we did not observe other side effects like cutaneous or cardiac side effects or drug-drug interactions.

Reflection of the Beginning Process of the Second World War in Local (Konya) and Turkish National Press

Reflection of the Beginning Process of the Second World War in Local (Konya) and Turkish National Press

Welcome to the New Issue (Vol: 29, No: 3, 2023) and Current News of the European Journal of Therapeutics

Welcome to the New Issue (Vol: 29, No: 3, 2023) and Current News of the European Journal of Therapeutics

Windscreens as sites of competing Turkish nationalisms: Kemalists vs. Islamists

In Turkey, the dominant political ideology is nationalism, but there are different variants competing for influence. Kemalism, the philosophy that laid the foundations for modern Turkey, advocated for a top-down modernization and secularisation of society, but also crucially involved creating a modern western-style nation state. The decades of the 1920s and 1930s saw the establishment of Kemalism as the official state ideology. Until the late 1990s, Kemalism remained as the state ideology, despite being challenged by a wide range of political tendencies. The greatest and most serious threat has come from political Islam, which rejects key tenets of the Kemalist ideology, namely western modernization and secularism. Conflict between Kemalists and Islamists on the national level has simmered since the 1970s, but a defining moment occurred in 2002 with the electoral victory of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). Over a period of 20 years in power, the AKP has eliminated much of the Kemalist improvements to Turkey's state institutions, society and culture. The result of the AKP’s Islamic nationalist policies has been increased political polarisation and friction in Turkish politics and society. This political polarisation led to an unusual practice in everyday politics; supporters on both sides manifest their respective ideologies via stickers with political messages displayed on the rear windscreens of cars as a challenge to the opposing ideology. Based on the findings of interviews conducted with owners of cars displaying these messages, this study aims to analyse the meaning of this practice in relation to everyday nationalism, and its implications for Turkish politics at large.

The fall of a city: Refugees, exodus and exile in Ernest Hemingway’s Istanbul, 1922

Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.

Understanding the Political and Religious Implications of Turkish Civil Religion in The Netherlands: A Critical Discourse Analysis of ISN Friday Sermons

Civil religion encompasses the implicit religious values of a nation manifested through public rituals, symbols, and ceremonies at significant locations and on special occasions. The emergence of new religious symbolisms reflects the evolving structure of religious authority. The Islamic Foundation Netherlands (Islamitische Stichting Nederland (ISN)), the largest mosque umbrella organization in the Netherlands, holds significant influence in shaping the religious beliefs and ethical standards of the Turkish–Dutch Muslim community. Furthermore, the ISN possesses the ability to construct and authenticate discourses that redefine the conceptualization of the ‘self’ and the ‘other.’ In early 2017, following increased criticism of sermons written by the Turkish Presidency of Religious Affairs (PRA/Diyanet) in the Netherlands, the ISN, as the Dutch branch of Diyanet, started composing its own Friday sermons in both Turkish and Dutch. This article aims to examine the discursive features of the Friday sermons delivered between 1 January 2017 and 1 January 2023 and explore their connection to civil religion. The study employs Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework and Wodak’s discourse–historical approach (DHA) to analyze the Friday sermons. The findings reveal that the civil religious discourses advanced by the ISN possess both unifying and divisive potential. However, the collected empirical evidence suggests that state-sponsored civil religion, emphasizing Turkish nationalism and Islamism, dominates the liberal and pluralistic form of civil religion.

Hematologic Malignancy Risk in Inflammatory Arthritis Patients Treated with TNF Inhibitors: The Real-Life Data from the HUR-BIO Registry.

This study aimed to assess the incidence of hematologic malignancy (HM) among inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) compared with the general Turkish population. HUR-BIO (Hacettepe University Rheumatology Biologic Registry) is a single-center biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug(bDMARD) registry since 2005. Patients with IA, including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, or psoriatic arthritis who had at least one visit after the TNFi were screened from 2005 to November 2021. Standardized incidence rates (SIR) were calculated after adjustment for age and gender and compared with the 2017 Turkish National Cancer Registry (TNCR). Of the 6139 patients registered in the HUR-BIO, 5355 used any TNFi at least once. The median follow-up duration was 2.6years for patients receiving TNFi. Thirteen patients developed a HM on follow-up. In these patients, the median age at the IA onset was 38 (range, 26-67), and the median age at the HM diagnosis was 55.5 (range, 38-76). Patients using TNFi had an increased HM incidence (SIR 4.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.35-7.05). Ten patients with HM were under 65years of age. In this group, there was a higher incidence of HM in both men (SIR 5.15, 95% CI 1.88-11.43) and women (SIR 4.76, 95% CI 1.74-10.55). The risk of HMs in inflammatory arthritis patients receiving TNFi was four times higher than in the general Turkish population.

In the Beautiful Heaven, a Golden Cage: Race, Identity and Memory in Turkification of Armenian Children in State Orphanages During the Armenian Genocide

ABSTRACT The perpetration of the Armenian Genocide did not originate as the direct implementation of ideological convictions; rather, stemmed from an amalgamation of certain theories adjusted to political and economic developments in the Ottoman Empire in tandem with the desire to transform a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire into a Turkish nation-state. Within this nation-building project, the Young Turk’s government chose to exterminate the indigenous Armenian minority, using forced transfer and the assimilation of children and young women into Turkish society as one of the methods of destroying the Armenian community. This fits well into the overall Turkish nationalist ideology, as women and children were deemed as not having a transmutable ethnic identity: while a woman’s identity could be discounted, the identity of children could be reprogrammed by stripping them of their Armenian identity and imposing a new identity through change of personal data, religious conversion and education. Building on existing research, this article first presents the ideological foundations of Turkish nation-building and the implementation of the Armenian Genocide to achieve this end, focusing on the forcible transfer and assimilation which selected Armenian children endured. Informed by both published and unpublished memories of transferred children, the second part of the article reconstructs the actual process and methods of Turkification used in several state-run orphanages while also presenting the resistance of Armenian children to these efforts. This article expands the number of known state orphanages and widens the geographic scope of where Turkification practices took place, thus substantiating a general assimilation policy of the CUP towards some selected Armenian children and arguing that forced transfer and Turkification were used as a method of destroying the Armenian community. It also enters new testimonies into public circulation that help to better understand the role of forced transfer during the Armenian Genocide and its implications on the survivors.

Estimation of Height Changes of Continuous GNSS Stations in the Eastern Anatolia Region during the Seasonal Variation

Estimating the height component of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations is widely known to be more challenging than estimating the horizontal position. In this study, we utilized height time series data from 37 continuous GNSS stations that were part of the Turkish RTK CORS Network called TUSAGA-Active (Turkish National Permanent GNSS Network Active). The data covered the period from 2014 to 2019, and the selection of stations focused on the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey due to its topographic characteristics and the pronounced influence of seasonal changes, which facilitated the interpretation of the effects on the height component. The daily coordinates of the GNSS stations were derived using the GAMIT/GLOBK software solution. We identified statistically significant trends, periodic variations, and stochastic components associated with the stations by applying time series analysis to these daily coordinate values. As a result, the vertical velocities of the GNSS stations were determined, along with their corresponding standard deviations. Furthermore, examining the height components of the continuous GNSS stations revealed seasonal effects. We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between these height components and meteorological parameters. The study provides evidence of the interconnectedness between the height components of continuous GNSS stations and various meteorological parameters. Simple linear regression analysis and ARMA time series modeling were utilized to establish this relationship.

A LITERARY ANALYSIS OF LOVE POEMS BY ÖZDEMIR ASAF

Özdemir Asaf is considered one of the most important poets in the Turkish Literature in the twentieth century. He was born on 11th of June, 1923 in Ankara and died on 28th of January 1981 after a life lasted for 57 years. His grave is in AĢiyan Asri in Istanbul. He was famous in the Turkish literature during the republic period especially in National Literature. Although her published several short stories, he was well-known by his poetry that won several prizes and left a great influence among Turkish Nation. One of the best works among Özdemir Asaf’s poetry is Love poems published under the title Lafinia which includes 70 short poems. These poems collected some of his literary works and published them in a book by Paynar Akenci after several years after his death. Lafinia or Love Poems express its scope of importance in a way that reflects its title according to what has been written. The collection of poems were considered of high importance and one of the most well-read and published poems which makes them more brilliant. Literature is an attempt of writing including all discourses that must use a literary diction. In addition, literature has several types such as poetry, novel, short story, and drama. What makes the writings of the poet distinctive is his use of a high level of literary diction. The poetry of the poet is divided into several types like poetry, novel, short story, and drama. The common and unique point of all of his literary writings, as mentioned above, is that they have been written carefully both literary and technical in that period. The poet was considered a simple productive writer by his close use of ordinary daily life language faraway from the difficult academic language. Moreover, he uses the common aesthetic side. By nature, man hives a two-dimensional life. He has two different sides in his life, materialistic and spiritual. Man is materialistic by supporting his life, and spiritual by feelings and emotions. In addition, the psychological aspects that deal with the internal side of man like sadness, happiness, dejection, reproach, ecstasy, anger and surprise are concepts that cannot be completely described and difficult to interpret. Although there were different courses to understand such feelings, the literary interpretation is one of the most essential methods. In fact, poetry is spiritual shows the spiritual effect and it is a deep and sensitive expression of these effects. It is clear in the poetry of our poet by transforming the spiritual air into words through the diction of poetry. Özdemir Asaf is one of professors of poetry which expresses feeling and emotions. The basis of the subject of the research is a literary analysis of the love poems by the poet Özdemir Asaf. He is one of the poets whom we can see their literary style in its powerful meaning in all of the poems. The main subject of our research paper is this concept. We introduce the life of the poet Özdemir Asaf and his literary personality as well as his writings as he is considered one of the important poets in the twentieth century. We will give a detailed interpretation of the book of Love poems – Lafinia in its literary concept by introducing a literary analysis for Love poems of Özdemir Asaf.

Syed Ahmet Arvasi’s Alternative Model of Nationalism

This paper highlights Syed Ahmet Arvasi’s ideas on an alternative model of nationalism that integrates Islam and ethnic peculiarities without discriminating against any minority groups. It also explains the profound importance of Islam in Turkish society, and how Islamic identity is interwoven with Turkishness. This research finds that Turkey has taken very concrete steps towards Westernization and consequently lost aspects of its traditional Turkish and Islamic culture. Moreover, based on the ideas of Arvasi, the research finds that the ethnocentric European ideology of nationalism was alien to the Turkish people, who had been affiliated with a multi-ethnic Islamic identity and values for centuries. The ideology of modern Turkish nationalism demanded a secular approach, creating a nation based on secular and Western values, consequently causing social discord and tensions. This study accordingly suggests, based on the ideas of Arvasi, that there should be a more inclusive alternative model of national cohesion for the Turkish nation. Also, Arvasi suggested that the basic ideology of the Turkish nation was Islam, therefore the Turkish nation’s concept of nationalism must be inherently linked to Islam. In summary, for the Turkish nation to live in social harmony, Turkish nationalism should be based on the concepts of social race and Turkish-Islamic culture.

Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilerin Türkiye'ye Uyumlarına İlişkin Eğitim Politika ve Uygulamaları

Immigrants who came to Türkiye in masses after the internal conflicts in Syria in 2011 were put under temporary protection, a status in international law, and started to live with the Turkish people. This temporary status has transformed into de facto permanent co-living after the past ten years. This situation necessitated the implementation of policies that require social cohesion between Syrians and Turks. Education is the most important tool in ensuring social cohesion. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the policies implemented for the inclusion of Syrians under temporary protection in to the Turkish education system and what the results of these policies are. In the study, the statistical data of state institutions, legal regulations, academic research and news in the media were handled and the document analysis method was used. In this context, all dimensions of the subject from primary education to higher education were categorized and the findings were shared with the reader in a systematic way. The findings show that the Syrians, who were thought to be temporary at first, were planned to continue their education in the camps without obtaining a diploma or document, but with the prolongation of the war, necessary legal arrangements were made for their inclusion in the Turkish National Education System and Higher Education. In the field studies made, it was observed that Despite the arrangements technical and social problems continued in practice and the desired level of participation in post-primary education could not be achieved. In addition, it has been revealed that the results of education policies for Syrians under temporary protection are related to the cultural structure of the cities where Syrians live in Türkiye, their geographical proximity to Syria, the population of Arab origin in the city, the status of schools, and the qualifications and experiences of teachers. In this context, it has been evaluated that effective language learning in all age groups, ensuring school attendance and increasing the number of academicians and students in the academy should be priority policy issues to ensure social cohesion.

The Impact of Erdoğan's Victory on Türkiye-India Bilateral Relations: An Analysis

The aim of this study is to analyse the possible consequences of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's 2023 electoral success in Turkey on the bilateral relations between Türkiye and India. Since 2003, Erdoğan has been an influential figure in Turkish politics, known for his assertive leadership style and nationalist policies. The outcomes of his recent electoral victory have sparked noteworthy curiosity regarding its implications on Turkey's foreign policy, particularly in the context of Türkiye-India bilateral relationship. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative in nature, and it involves an extensive examination of scholarly articles, news, reports, and official statements from both nations. This paper analyses the fundamental elements of the bilateral relations between Türkiye and India, encompassing political, economic, and cultural aspects. Additionally, it evaluates the potential impact of Erdoğan's victory on each of these domains. The firstly, Erdoğan's victory can further strengthen his power in Turkey. So, it is possible that Erdoğan's views on Kashmir, Indian Muslims and Palestine may effect Turkey's foreign policy towards India. Secondly, trade and investment between Turkey and India has grown significantly for the last few years. However, Erdoğan's victory could lead to economic uncertainty in Turkey, which could affect bilateral trade and investment, economic experts said. Lastly, cultural and people-to-people contacts have strengthened Türkiye-India relations. However, Erdoğan's domestic policies promoting Turkish nationalism and conservative beliefs may alter Turkey's social and cultural dynamics. While Erdoğan's victory could transform Turkey-India relations, domestic and international variables will determine their fate. The study recommends that Indian policymakers closely monitor Turkey's foreign policy under Erdoğan and engage in active diplomacy to maintain constructive dialogue to ensure that potential differences do not undermine historical ties and mutual interests.

Use of The Lexical Units "Dread", "Maniac" and "Terrible" with in The Framework of The Concept of Markedness in The Turkish National Corpus (1989-2013)

Anlam; dilde gösterge özelliği olan, insanın dünya bilgisine dayalı bazı belirleyicileri bulunan sözcüklerin bağlam ve konu içinde ilettikleri kavramdır. Aslında bir sözcüğün anlamı onun dildeki kullanımıdır. Sözcüklerin anlamı bağlama, kültüre, bireyin bilişsel artalanına göre zaman içinde farklılık gösterebilir. Bir sözcüğün yeni anlamlarda kullanılması, sadece bireyin değil toplumun da düşünce yapısını gösterir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçede son dönemde “çok” belirteci ile “güzel”, “lezzetli”, “hoş” gibi olumlu anlam içeren sözcüklerin yerine kullanılmaya başlanan “dehşet”, “manyak”, “korkunç” sözcüklerinin derlemde kullanılıp kullanılmadığını saptamak bu sözcüklerin hangi yeni anlamlarda kullanıldığını ve bunun nedenini sorgulamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “dehşet”, “manyak” ve “korkunç” sözcüklerinin kendi anlamı dışındaki kullanımları Türkçe Ulusal Derleminde (TUDv3.0) sorgulanarak bir veri tabanı oluşturulmuş ve bu veri tabanından elde edilen veriler bulgular yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

A Qualitative Research on the Analysis of the Use of European Credit Transfer System Tools in Vocational Secondary School

The aim of this research is to examine the level of European Credit Transfer System tools in Vocational Secondary School in Erasmus+ mobility projects carried out and granted by the Turkish National Agency. European Credit Transfer System tools in Vocational Secondary School has been developed as a tool of policy which aims recognition, verification and transfer of the documents, certificates and diplomas acquired in European Union countries, regardless of where they have been obtained. The data of the research are obtained from school principals, vice principals, branch managers and vocational teachers working at vocational schools which, in the 2019-2020 Erasmus+ project application period, applied to The Turkish National Agency for a grant and announced that ECVET tools would be used. Furthermore, vocational skills, qualifications, certificates and the recognition of the acquisitions obtained abroad by the students within the scope of Erasmus+ mobility project have been evaluated in this study. It has been concluded that vocational school principal, vice principal and teachers use European Credit Transfer System tools in Vocational Secondary School in Erasmus+ mobility projects, apply these tools and consider them to be favorable. In the study, suggestions regarding the application and use of European Credit Transfer System tools were made for the institutions that are planning to carry out Erasmus+ mobility project in vocational secondary school.

The historiography of the Greek-Turkish War in Asia Minor: Britain, Greece, and others, 1915 - 1923

2023 marks the centenary of the Treaty of Lausanne, which ended the state of war between Turkey and the western allies, in particular Greece, and reordered the Near East, settling frontiers and providing for the protection of minorities. This essay reviews the historiography of the period 1915-23 through Greek and British sources in printed books and papers, covering the Greek irredentist claim to western Asia Minor, the Paris peace conference, the occupation of Smyrna, the Greek war against Mustapha Kemal's Turkish nationalists, the collapse of the Greek army, the Lausanne treaty, and the convention on the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations agreed at Lausanne in 1923.

Interventions to reduce nurses' burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce nurses' burnout. A systematic review and meta-analysis. The research was carried out using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ULAKBİM Turkish National Database, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The study selection, quality assessments, and data extractions of the included studies were carried out by the researchers independently. The PRISMA checklist was used to assure the quality and transparency of the report. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 3.0 software. A total of 19 studies including 1139 nurses were included in the study. Of these, only 13 were included in the meta-analysis, as six contained incomplete data. Interventions aimed at reducing burnout in nurses were mostly person-directed interventions. The meta-analysis revealed that attempts to reduce burnout had a small effect on nurses' emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a moderate effect on their personal accomplishment. Interventions are more effective at preventing the sense of personal accomplishment of nurses from decreasing. Evidence in the literature on organization-directed interventions and combined interventions to reduce burnout in nurses is limited. Person-directed interventions are effective at low and medium levels. In future studies, it will be more effective to implement combined interventions including both person-directed and organization-directed interventions to reduce the burnout of nurses.

Strengthening National Citizenship in The Early Republic Years: De-Naturalization (1923-1938)

Bir gruba aidiyetin sembolleri olan etnisite, dil, kültür ve inanç gibi bağlarla inşa edilmiş milli veya etnik kimlik algısı, aynı zamanda vatandaşlık duygusunun modern dönemlerdeki yeni sınırlarını milliyetçi ve seküler fikirler ile çizmekteydi. Toplumların daha politik ve ekonomik referanslar ile ayrışmaya başladığı ve yeniden örgütlenmesine yol açan Aydınlanma Çağı, Sanayi İnkılabı ve Fransız İhtilali gibi gelişmeler millet tanımına yeni yorumlar kazandırmıştır. Çağdaş, düşünsel ve ideolojik referansların etkisiyle millet olmanın yeni yapay sınırları ulusal topraklar ile millileştirilmiş edebiyat, tarih, kültür ve hukuk ile bunları özümsemiş yeni vatandaş tipi tanımlanmaktaydı. Milliyetçilik, vatandaşlığın tanımında gün geçtikçe daha geçerli bir yorum haline gelmekteydi. Avrupa’nın diğer ülkelerinden farklı bir tarihselliği olan Osmanlı’da, vatandaşlığın tarifi din temelli olup hem karmaşık hem de heterojen bir karakteristiği resmetmekteydi. Vatandaşlığın, Cumhuriyet döneminde el alınışı ise laik ve çağdaş bir Türklük tanımlanması şeklinde olmuştur. Yeni kurumsal anlayışı ve ideolojik vasıfları ile Cumhuriyet ideolojisinde, Kemalist milliyetçilerinin temel düşünce evrenini, yapılan inkılâplar inşa etmekteydi. Haliyle, millî vatandaşlığın çerçevesini de bu gelişmeler oluşturmaktaydı. Bu süre zarfında yeni ulusal karakterli vatandaşlık tanımına uymayanların veya uymak istemeyenleri çeşitli siyasi, kültürel, bürokratik ve hukuki süreçler beklemekteydi. Bu çalışmada, erken Cumhuriyet yıllarında uygulanan yeni vatandaşlık rejimine uymayan kişilerin vatandaşlıktan çıkarılma süreçleri sebepleriyle ele alınmıştır.

Publication rates of congress abstracts is associated with abstract quality: Evaluation of Turkish National Medical Education Congresses and Symposia between 2010 and 2014 using MERSQI

There are many parameters that could be used to evaluate the quality of scientific meetings such as publication rates of meeting abstracts as full-text articles after the meeting or scoring with validated quality scales/tools that evaluate individual papers, project proposals, or submitted abstracts. This study aimed to determine the full-text publication rates for abstracts presented at Turkish National Medical Education Congresses and Symposia and to assess the quality of given abstracts. s presented at national medical education congresses and symposia between 2010 and 2014 in Türkiye were evaluated. Initially, the abstracts were evaluated if they were published as full-text articles in international and national peer-reviewed journals following the meeting. Secondly, the quality of presented abstracts was assessed with the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) scale. Overall publication rate for the abstracts was 11.3%. The publication rate of oral and poster presentations were 26.6% and 8.1%, respectively. Oral presentations had a statistically higher publication rate than poster presentations (p = .000). The mean MERSQI score for abstracts was 7.73 ± 2.59. The oral presentations had higher MERSQI mean scores than poster presentations (8.28 ± 2.46 vs. 7.61 ± 2.6; p = .032). Similarly, published abstracts had a significantly higher score compared to unpublished abstracts (10.07 ± 2.74 vs. 7.43 ± 2.41; p = .000). Interestingly, there was no statistical difference between the mean MERSQI scores of the published oral and poster presentations (9.33 ± 2.45 vs. 10.61 ± 2.72; p = .101). This study showed that the main factor for a meeting abstract to be published as a full-text article is the scientific quality of the study. The quality of presentations at annual medical education meetings in Türkiye were low compared with international meetings which did not improve over five years. An institutional policy that would set quality standards for medical education research and increase the awareness of researchers on the topic might help improve the design, execution, and reporting of such studies in Türkiye. The MERSQI could be a valuable tool to monitor the quality of submitted abstracts and to increase the awareness of novice researchers on high quality research.

Benefitting from the ambiguity: the issue of the ‘Turkishness’ of the Jewish minority in the first decade of the Turkish Republic

This article attempts to contextualize the situation of the Jewish community recognized as a minority group in the Treaty of Lausanne within a wider framework of Turkish nationalism during the first decade of the Republic. It will claim that the ruling elite of the Republic concurrently defined ‘Turkishness’ on inclusive and exclusive terms. While in theory, Turkish nationalism was a ‘civic’ nationalism defining ‘Turkishness’ based on citizenship, when it came to practice, all citizens of the Republic were not privy to this identity; some of them, especially Jews, were expected to prove their loyalty in order to become equal members of the nation. This article claims that the contradictory attitude of the ruling elite – keeping the definition of ‘Turkishness’ ambiguous – had the purpose of constructing a cohesive and homogenous national community. In line with this ambiguous definition of ‘Turkishness’, the ruling elite developed an ambivalent attitude towards non-Muslim minorities and their place in the nation and the Jews of Turkey were affected the most by this precarious attitude.