Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the level of Turkish senior dental students’ knowledge regarding the orodental complications and their treatment methods of cancer patients. Material and methods A 15-item questionnaire which was obtained from National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research that contained information about the orodental complications of the cancer therapy and the dentists’ role to provide their treatment protocols. Seventy-eight senior dental students replied the questionnaire and the replies were analysed with stratified and logistic data analyses. Results Overall correct replies ranged from 5.2% to 98.7 %. The students knew the basic knowledge of the complications of cancer therapy; however, they failed to answer to the questions (ranging between 1.3% and 94.8%) about the required clinical practices. The respondents preferred not to answer to the questions about the prophylactic measures dentist shall take during a pre-cancer treatment oral evaluation (9.1%), management of pain in cancer treatment (6.5%), and necessary considerations before a dental procedure in a chemotherapy patient (3.9%). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that gender had no statistically significant effect on the correct or false answers to the questions ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results disclosed that dental students’ knowledge about oral complications of cancer therapy and the modalities to manage these complications vary. This study model can be used in various settings in order to establish the level of knowledge of other health care providers about this issue. Reevaluation of current undergraduate curricula and continuing education for graduates might address the gaps identified and an educational program about oral and dental management of patients who are to receive/receiving/have received cancer therapy can be prepared and augmented into dental curriculum. National consensus statement and evidence-based clinical guidelines may be recommended to support effective oral/dental interventions and management strategies for cancer treatment receiving population before, during and after cancer therapy.