Shroud Of Turin Research Articles

W poszukiwaniu źródeł do historii całunu Jezusa. Rekonesans po piśmiennictwie chrześcijańskiego antyku i średniowiecza

In syndonological studies focused on the Turin Shroud, studies on its history are also undertaken. It is generally accepted that the period is documented from the mid-fourteenth century, when the shroud was in French Lirey near Troyes. His earlier fate is highly hypothetical or even unknown. In this article an attempt will be made to trace literary sources in which the topos of Jesus' shroud and his image in general in Christian antiquity appear, and to link them to the canvas currently in the Turin cathedral. Four groups of sources became the subject of research: (1) canonical gospels adopted by the Church and patristic comments to them, (2) Christian apocryphal literature of the ancient and medieval times, taking the topos of the shroud and (3) the image of Jesus, (4) as well as early itineraries Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land (the homeland of Jesus and the apostles), in which the shroud is mentioned, as well as auxiliary artifacts selected with the messages contained in these sources.

The reddish color of bloodstains on the Shroud of Turin: investigation of two hypotheses

The reddish color of bloodstains on the Shroud of Turin: investigation of two hypotheses

Photography from the Turin Shroud to the Turing Machine, Yanai Toister (2020)

Review of: Photography from the Turin Shroud to the Turing Machine, Yanai Toister (2020) Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, p/bk, 215 pp., ISBN 978-1-78938-156-6, p/bk, £37

Unanticipated issues in serological analysis of blood species - The Shroud of Turin as a case example

Serological analysis of blood on objects can be challenging, particularly those for which limited background information is available. The Shroud of Turin is an aged linen cloth that shows the images of a man bearing wounds corresponding to scourging and crucifixion. The bloodstains on the Shroud are often reported as being human in origin; however, a modern revaluation of the prior experimental design indicates that blood from other species would have also tested positive. The current perspective underscores the importance of consideration of a broad spectrum of potential cross-reactivity in bloodstain analysis, particularly with objects that are of indefinite origin.

UV Fluorescence Imagery of the Turin Shroud – Digitally Revisited

UV fluorescence imagery of faint or fragile images and markings (writing) on relics and artwork is an affordable non-destructive tool useful in revealing often invisible details and in monitoring temporal stability. UV fluorescent images of Turin were recorded for the first time during the 1978 scientific investigation. The original images were recorded on color film and now have been digitally scanned and enhanced using image processing software. The processed UV images contain spectral discriminatory information and high spatial detail resolution with high contrast that is not discernable in white light images. Differing fluorescent emission colors were found to be associated with image features such as body image, burns, blood flows, skin wounds and water flows on the Turin Shroud. Spectral signature information has the potential for assisting the determination or elimination of the causes responsible for the appearance of the various features. Inconsistent and non-uniform exposure problems in the original photography were revealed, and their impact the subsequent digitization of the images is discussed. Suggestions for future fluorescence image collection include the design of equipment that will eliminate the problems associated illumination and film exposure. The extraction of spectral and spatial detail through UV fluorescence imagery is relevant to tracking temporal and climatic changes to assist conservation efforts.

Signos de Vida en la Figura de la Síndone de Turín

In this article several signs of life present in the Shroud of Turin are pointed out. Following the development of rigor mortis, the body posture of the image on the Shroud is analyzed. This, together with the presence of specific facial folds indicate that the person wrapped in it is alive. Therefore, the image on the Shroud of Turin shows both signs of death and life in a person whose image was imprinted when he was alive. If this is a fraud case, it should be considered as an artwork performed by a genius with medical, forensic and image processing knowledge from at least the XX century. But if we read the Gospels, a (perfect) remarkable symmetry is found between the data obtained from the image and the events described in the Gospels, both regarding the death and resurrection of Jesus.

An instructive inter-laboratory comparison: The 1988 radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin

We review the statistical method cited in the report of the radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin. Following strict analytical protocol, we find the Shroud data to be heterogeneous, while data from three control samples show no heterogeneity. We consider two potential sources for the Shroud data heterogeneity. The first, an approximate linear dependence of the dates on the original sample locations suggests a variation in the carbon isotopic composition. The second, differences in the cleaning protocols of the three laboratories may have given rise to differences in residual contamination. We suggest experiments to test the two competing hypotheses.

What Did Jesus Look Like

What Did Jesus Look Like

Analysis of UV photographs of the Shroud of Turin.

The Shroud of Turin is one of the most widely studied ancient relics in history. In this paper, recently published UV photographs of the Shroud are analyzed. It is shown that the Shroud exhibits very unique UV fluorescence properties, and fluoresces more on its right side than its left side. Also, where comparisons can be made, the Shroud fluoresces more on its dorsal side than its frontal side, and fluorescence is stronger near the center of the image on the Shroud than near the head or feet. Additional research is required to determine what produced these unique properties.

Condanna ed esecuzione di gesù: testimonianze e prove

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión sobre los últimos días de Jesús de Nazaret, ofreciendo un panorama general del mundo en que nació, vivió y murió, pero también analizando los personajes que participaron en su juicio, el proceso que enfrentó, su condena y los efectos que ésta tuvo. Se considera también en este estudio, el papel que ha tenido el Sudario de Turín como testimonio documental para confirmar la credibilidad de los evangelistas al describir el proceso de crucifixión y la muerte de Jesús.

Do gold particles from the Turin Shroud indicate its presence in the Middle East during the Byzantine Empire?

Abstract The following question arose from analysis of dust vacuumed from the Shroud: do these particles show any connection with the gold that could have polluted the linen fabric in past centuries? To find an answer, the composition of gold alloy micro-particles vacuumed at various times from the Turin Shroud are compared with that of gold Byzantine coins minted during the VII–XIII century. The weight percentages of the micro-particles are determined via Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis. The results are arranged in groups to show the similarity in composition between the micro-particles and coins. This process indicated a connection between the micro-particles and the Byzantine coins. In particular, many samples of gold-silver alloy possibly containing copper residual similar to the famous Byzantine Electrum have been detected. It is well known that the Electrum gold-silver alloy is not frequent in the gold coinage of ancient time. The presence of this alloy can be considered typical of the Byzantine Empire, if we exclude the Lydian coins of 6th century B.C. and few other rare cases not applicable for possible correlation with the Shroud. Evaluation of these results, therefore, is compatible with the Shroud's presence in the Byzantine Empire in the period up to 1204 A.D., as many historical clues indicate.

Analysis of an archaeological linen cloth: The shroud of Arquata

The linen cloth of the shroud of Arquata, a precious copy of the Shroud of Turin which dates back to 1653, was discovered in 1980 during the restoration works of the St. Francis church in Arquata del Tronto (Ascoli Piceno, Italy). Following the strong earthquake that hit central Italy in August 2016, the church was seriously damaged and it was therefore necessary to secure the shroud in the Cathedral of Ascoli Piceno.A multidisciplinary approach was required in order to evaluate the correct intervention methods that will be performed in the next future: although several investigation techniques were performed on the Arquata shroud, this paper focuses on the combination of two different techniques, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy microanalysis (SEM-EDS). Few samples of fibrils of the linen cloth of the Arquata shroud were analysed, achieving information about their morphology, the surface characteristics, the chemical composition and the possible deterioration phenomena.Light microscopic analyses showed some typical features of the single elementary flax fibre: lumen, dislocations and cross markings (X). SEM-EDS analysis also revealed interesting morphological features of the flax fibrils and the presence of encrustations on their surface, while the microanalysis preformed on the encrustations revealed the presence of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, sodium, and potassium, due to dust deposits. Moreover, the absence of biological attacks by microorganisms, parasites, moulds or fungi was highlighted. Finally, numerous defects of the surface that could characterise the linen cloth as antique were identified (cross cuts).These results suggested some actions useful for the conservation of the shroud, thus avoiding the use of more invasive methods which could impact the integrity of this precious object of veneration.

Radiocarbon Dating of the Turin Shroud: New Evidence from Raw Data

In 1988, three laboratories performed a radiocarbon analysis of the Turin Shroud. The results, which were centralized by the British Museum and published in Nature in 1989, provided ‘conclusive evidence’ of the medieval origin of the artefact. However, the raw data were never released by the institutions. In 2017, in response to a legal request, all raw data kept by the British Museum were made accessible. A statistical analysis of the Nature article and the raw data strongly suggests that homogeneity is lacking in the data and that the procedure should be reconsidered.

2D reproduction of the face on the Turin Shroud by infrared femtosecond pulse laser processing.

Femtosecond pulse laser processing concentrates a huge quantity of light energy in extremely short pulses of a few tens to hundreds of femtoseconds, enabling superficial laser machining or marking of any kind of materials, with a reduced or insignificant heat affected area. A digitized paper printed image of the face on the Turin Shroud was used to monitor a scan head intercalated between a femtosecond pulsed laser source and a linen fabric sample, enabling the direct 2D reproduction of the image of the face with a laser beam size corresponding to one pixel of the digitized image. The contrast in the marked image was controlled by adjusting the energy density, the number of superimposed pulses per pixel, and the distance between successive impacts. The visual aspect of the laser-induced image is very similar, at naked eye, to the source image. The negative photograph of the marked linen fabric reveals a face remarkably close to the well-known negative picture of the face on the Turin Shroud. Analyses by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the laser marked areas.

Researchers hung men on a cross and added blood in bid to prove Turin Shroud is real

Researchers hung men on a cross and added blood in bid to prove Turin Shroud is real

A Comparison between the Face of the Veil of Manoppello and the Face of the Shroud of Turin

Recently we have studied the unusual optical properties of the Veil of Manoppello, a canvas representing the face of Jesus Christ, and restored digitally the face, by eliminating the distortions of the anatomic details due the yielding of the very fine structure of the fabric. The aim of the present paper is to compare the restored face of the Veil with that visible on the Turin Shroud. In particular, the paper focuses on assessing whether the two images can be superimposed, i.e., whether they are different images of the same face. Indeed, some scholars have suggested that the Veil of Manoppello and the Turin Shroud show different images of the same face. We demonstrate that the face of the Turin Shroud, after a logarithmic transformation of the intensity and the correction of the background noise, shows cheeks’ profiles, not visible before the digital processing, which overlap very well with those of the restored face of the Veil of Manoppello. These correlations between the two images of the face of Jesus raise the question of their historical relationship.

Why is the Turin Shroud Not Fake?

Why is the Turin Shroud Not Fake?

Polscy syndonolodzy. Z dziejów badań Całunu Turyńskiego i ich popularyzacji

The establishment of the Polish Center of Syndonology in Krakow in2017, which is the delegation of the International Center of Syndonology inTurin, inspired the author to reflect on the Polish research on the Shroudof Turin. The article presents three generations of Polish syndonologists: major investigators of the shroud from the second half of the twentiethcentury and co-founders of the Syndonological Study in Krakow, createdat the Polish Theological Society in 1981, and (3) the shroud researchers inthe 21st century cooperating with the Polish Center of Syndonology. Theirmain research and educational achievements as well as participation ininternational fora were pointed out. The article is supplemented by Polishsyndonological bibliography.

Religious relics of Italy

Religions have always played a significant role in the formation of the statehood and development of such powerful states as the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kievan Rus, or the Empire of Charlemagne. Peculiarities of the national culture are dictated by its faith. This is due to the fact that folk traditions, mentality, political structure, peculiarities of the historical trajectory of each nation including the religious development, have a tremendous influence on the religious aspects of nations and states. Religious attitudes, religious morality, practice of ceremonies, and church institutions deeply penetrate into everyday lives of people and countries in particular, largely determine their local originality as well as national and cultural identity. In general, the influence of religious-confessional factors is felt at all levels of organization of society’s life. The diversity of its manifestations is unlimited, and basically, it is not the impact on the life, but the life itself. This thesis should always be remembered either when illuminating the tourist resources of the country or the conditions of organization of the tourism business. The article is referred to the religious tourism in Italy – the country on the territory of which Christianity (Holy Roman Empire) arose. The article concideres such religious objects of Rome as Vatican, the Basilica of St. Peter, the area around the Capitol, religious practices of the city of Loreto called the Holy House, as well as the worship of sacred Turin Shroud.

Why is the Turin Shroud Authentic?

Why is the Turin Shroud Authentic?