Turbulent Patterns Research Articles

Hybrid CFD-experimental investigation into the effect of sparger orifice size on the metallurgical response of coal in a pilot-scale flotation column

ABSTRACT Although column flotation cells have been extensively studied in the literature, the hydrodynamic impact of orifice properties has not been adequately addressed yet. This paper initially investigates the effect of sparger orifice diameter on hydrodynamic behavior of coal particles in a pilot-scale column flotation. The metallurgical responses (i.e., ash, yield and recovery contents) were evaluated for four different sparger orifice sizes including 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm under constant operating conditions by experimental measurements associated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A numerical model of a two-phase air-water flow in the column (3 m × 0.5 m) was chosen and the turbulence patterns inside the collection zone and at the pulp-froth interface were simulated by employing the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) model. The experimental results indicated that desiring concentrated product i.e., ash content of 8.8% and yield of 57.2% could be obtained using the 3 mm orifice size. Simulation results revealed that as the sparger orifice size decreased to 1 mm, the reduced carrying capacity of the bubbly regime led to the poor flotation performance. In contrast, the turbulence condition intensified as the sparger orifice size was increased to 7 mm. Another negative consequence of the 7 mm orifice was attributed to the exceeded entrainment of high ash fines due to a bubble swarm mechanism. The 7 mm sparger orifice diameter showed a concentrate of 17.1% ash and 12.5% yield. Finally, according to the obtained results in this work and literature studies, several necessary highlights were suggested for future works in this scope.

Hybrid Simulation of Turbulent Natural Convection in an Enclosure with Thermally-Conductive Walls

This paper analyzes the interaction of high Rayleigh number flow with conjugate heat transfer. The two-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann is used as a turbulent buoyancy-driven flow solver whereas the implicit finite difference technique is applied as a heat transfer solver. An in-house numerical code is developed and successfully validated on typical CFD problems. The impact of the Biot number, heat diffusivity ratio and the Rayleigh number on turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer patterns is studied. It is revealed that the thermally-conductive walls of finite thickness reduce the heat transfer rate. The temperature of the cooled wall slightly depends on the value of the buoyancy force. The heat diffusivity ratio has a significant effect on thermal and flow behavior. The Biot number significantly affects the mean Nusselt number at the right solid–fluid interface whereas the mean Nusselt number at the left interface is almost insensible to the Biot number variation.

Scallop dredge design using computational fluid dynamics and flume tank testing and the application of both methods to improving a low profile dredge

The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) is the focus of one of the most valuable fisheries on the east coast of the United States, but the incidental bycatch of flounder species could have negative impacts on the long-term sustainability of the scallop fishery. The low profile dredge (LPD) was conceived as a modified dredge that would reduce flounder bycatch by decreasing the vertical distance to the top of the dredge, allowing the fish to more easily swim over the top to escape. During initial development, two prototypes were tested at sea, and each reduced flounder catch with minimal reductions in scallop catch. To make continued refinement of the LPD more efficient and cost effective, we incorporated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and flume tank testing into our design strategy. The use of CFD analysis was validated with comparisons to flume tank tests and data from at-sea trials through examination of turbulent flow patterns and particle trajectories. There was a strong correspondence between the CFD simulation outputs and the results of the flume tank tests and at-sea gear trials, supporting the use of computer simulations during the early stages of gear design to speed up and reduce the cost of new gear development.

An Automated Jet Nebulizer with Dynamic Flow Regulation.

PurposeThe present study is focused on designing an automated jet nebulizer that possesses the capability of dynamic flow regulation. In the case of existing equipment, 50% of the aerosol is lost to the atmosphere through the vent, during the exhalation phase of respiration. Desired effects of nebulization may not be achieved by neglecting this poor administration technique. There may be adverse effects like bronchospasm and exposure to high drug concentrations. MethodsThe proposed nebulizer is composed of two modes as “Compressed Air” mode and the “Oxygen Therapy” mode. The automated triggering from one mode to another will be dependent upon the percentage of oxygen saturation of the patient, monitored from the SpO2 sensor. The compressed airflow will be delivered to the patient according to the minute ventilation, derived with the aid of a temperature sensor–based algorithm. The compressor controller circuitry ensures that the patient receives optimum level of compressed air as per the flow rate. At the end of the drug delivery, if the liquid level sensor detects the absence of medication within the nebulizer chamber, the nebulization process will be terminated. The dynamic regulation of the motor speed with respect to the minute ventilation was accomplished.ResultsA laminar flow was obtained from the outlet of the compressor towards the nebulizer tubing, and a turbulent flow was obtained within the chamber. No excessive turbulent flows or rotational flow patterns were detected.ConclusionDetecting the drug levels in the nebulizing chamber will prevent continuous workup and useful in situations where back-to-back nebulization is required. Oxygen therapy mode identifies the patient’s desaturation and important where the patient can be already hypoxic or have a ventilation-perfusion mismatch, but may be disadvantageous in severe COPD patients. The aforesaid results could certainly lead to the improvements of the existing nebulizers.

Analysis of the turbulent flow patterns generated in isotropic porous media composed of aligned or centered cylinders

The analysis of the turbulent flow inside porous media composed of infinite arrangements of cylinders with square and circular cross sections disposed in aligned or centered configuration is presented. The porosity (ϕ) was varied from 0.3 to 0.8, at a pore Reynolds number Rep=105, representing fully turbulent flow conditions. The flow cases were solved numerically by using the low-Reynolds Abe-Kondoh-Nagano version of the k-ε model. New correlations are provided for the domains composed of aligned particles in terms of ϕ for the volume averaged turbulence kinetic energy (k), its dissipation rate (ε), and macroscopic pressure gradient (MPG). These correlations are especially useful when it is not possible to model the local details of the porous media in macroscopic turbulence modeling. The highest energetic losses in terms of volume averaged k, ε, and MPG was found for the centered square arrangement. In all cases, these parameters increased abruptly as ϕ decreased, as the pore-scale local pressure gradients and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate levels increased. Depending on the case, they were triggered by a combination of sudden expansion-contraction of the flow channels, flow impingement, and the decrease of the effective flow area by flow recirculation. In all cases, the pore-scale local pressure gradients and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate levels increased abruptly as ϕ decreased, and consequently the energy losses increased. The tracer dispersion presented similar low homogeneity times for the centered cylinder arrangements. At each porous media, the variations of turbulence intensity, effective flow area, and tortuosity levels in terms of ϕ were not as significant as those observed for the local pressure gradient and dissipation rate. This effect may be considered to improve mixing and reduce pressure drops in devices such as static mixers, heat exchangers, cooling fins arrays, and other devices composed of slender tubes.

A Review of Current Noninvasive Imaging Surveillance Practices for Deep Venous Arterialization Procedures

Venous arterialization is an increasingly common procedure performed in patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) where there are no open or percutaneous revascularization options. This study aims to review the imaging follow-up for venous arterialization described in the literature. A systematic review was performed on venous arterialization studies for CLTI using the PRISMA methodology. A literature search was performed on 5 databases from inception. We included all original studies, case reports, and reviews regarding venous arterialization for all pathologies. We excluded free standing abstracts, animal studies, other than lower extremity, and foreign language studies. Our search strategy yielded 23 studies that met inclusion criteria, with 16 studies reporting a specific value from at least one surveillance imaging methodology. Most studies used Duplex imaging (16 studies) and TCPo2 (9 studies). Only 9 studies provided any detail regarding the Duplex findings. One study used focal peak systolic velocity (PSV) gradient (PSV at the lesion in the graft divided by PSV in a proximal segment of the graft) above 2.5 as an indicator for flow-inhibiting venous valves or stenosis in the graft. Another study reported a turbulent flow pattern in the graft, elevating peak velocities to 100 to 200 cm/s throughout the bypass. Four studies reported flow volume measurement through the bypass or in pedal vein ranging from 40 to 437 mL/min. Seven studies reported a mean increase of 18.7 mmHg in TCPo2. Eighty-two percent of patients saw an improvement of TCPo2 in 2 studies. To date, no criteria have been identified that are predictive of the success or failure of deep vein arterialization. Venous arterialization is an increasingly common procedure in the “no-option” diabetic patient. Duplex imaging with TCPo2 offers the most appropriate means of surveillance; however, the literature is sparse with no guidance on normal or critical values.

Relative motion of two neighboring points on inert and reactive scalar iso-surfaces in homogeneous turbulence

The study of the deformation and rotation of line and surface and volume elements, embedded in a mixing-reaction zone, is supposedly of a paramount importance to comprehend the evolution of inert and chemically reacting species in turbulent flows. This analysis examines the relative motion of two points on adjacent, nonmaterial, propagating, isoscalar surfaces, subject to the flow velocity, v, and the normal displacement speed vector, Sdn (n is the unit vector perpendicular to the isosurface). The methodology of Perry and Chong [“Topology of flow patterns in vortex motions and turbulence,” Appl. Sci. Res. 53, 357–374 (1994)], applied to the velocity gradient tensors of v, A, and Sdn, Aa, serves to characterize this motion. Small-scale flow and displacement topologies clearly emerge from this description. The invariants of these two velocity gradient tensors yield the total rate of change of the normal distance between two isosurfaces, the area stretch factor, the total volumetric dilatation rate, and the nodal or focal features of the motions. The influence of the first invariant on the displacement speed and the chemical depletion is also established. A simple mathematical formalism portrays the time rate of change of an infinitesimal nonmaterial vector, r, joining two points on adjacent isoscalar surfaces within a zone where turbulent mixing of inert and reactive species occurs. Databases of a 3D 5123 DNS of a statistically homogeneous and stationary turbulence with inert and reactive scalars undergoing random mixing in a constant density fluid are examined to illustrate the application of the previous conceptual framework. Small scales are well resolved. Various flow and displacement contributions to the two-point relative velocity components, normal and tangential to the isosurface, are compared to conclude that motions of isoscalar surfaces due to Sdn are, at least, as important as those caused by v. In particular, the additional vorticity, ωa, is one order of magnitude greater than the flow vorticity, ω, and tangential to the isoscalar surfaces, contributing significantly to their folding. While the dynamically passive scalars do not modify the conventional local flow motions, new additional topologies, induced by Aa and typified by its invariants, Pa, Qa, and Ra, appear and affect the displacement speed and the reaction rate. The mass entrainment rate per unit mass into a volume element between two adjacent isosurfaces is given by the first invariant, −Pa, and its influence on the displacement speed and the chemical reaction is explored.

Event Prediction in Online Social Networks

Event prediction is a very important task in numerous applications of interest like fintech, medical, security, etc. However, event prediction is a highly complex task because it is challenging to classify, contains temporally changing themes of discussion and heavy topic drifts. In this research, we present a novel approach which leverages on the RFT framework developed in \cite{tan2020discovering}. This study addresses the challenge of accurately representing relational features in observed complex social communication behavior for the event prediction task; which recent graph learning methodologies are struggling with. The concept here, is to firstly learn the turbulent patterns of relational state transitions between actors preceeding an event and then secondly, to evolve these profiles temporally, in the event prediction process. The event prediction model which leverages on the RFT framework discovers, identifies and adaptively ranks relational turbulence as likelihood predictions of event occurrences. Extensive experiments on large-scale social datasets across important indicator tests for validation, show that the RFT framework performs comparably better by more than 10\% to HPM \cite{amodeo2011hybrid} and other state-of-the-art baselines in event prediction.

Live pine pollen in rainwater: reconstructing its long-range transport

Raindrops brim with pollen even when there is no ambient local pollen. How does this nonlocal pollen get inside rain? The likely answer is long-range transport beneath or inside clouds. To test this hypothesis, we captured rain-delivered pollen on Ocracoke Island, NC, USA over a 12-day interval before local pine pollen release then reconstructed its trajectory and its atmospheric exposure conditions. Findings were as follows: four rain episodes yielded a total of 632 pollen grains of which 6.7% germinated. To find pollen sources, we first identified pollen-releasing forested areas using a predictive heat sum equation for each rain episode. Next, we constructed the backward trajectory for air parcels carrying rain-delivered pollen from those forests using the MLDP atmospheric transport and dispersion model. Nonlocal sources were located at distances up to 300 km from Ocracoke Island and distances lessened with each successive episode. Below-cloud transport time was 8 and 17 h for Episodes A and B, respectively. Pollen grains were exposed to harsh atmospheric conditions during below-cloud transport, yet some grains still germinated. Atmospheric turbulence patterns changed for each episode, so distance from pollen source was poorly correlated with pollen transport time. Pollen germination was not closely correlated with either distances or transport time. In-cloud transport was more likely for pollen sampled during Episodes C and D. Pine pollen, although rarely allergenic, brings fresh insights into how atmospheric events can trigger human respiratory distress.

Effects of the angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of a streamlined box girder

This paper presents experimental and numerical approaches to systematically investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of streamlined box girder at angles of attack (AoA) of up to 12°. The effects of AoA on the pressure characteristics and total forces are first studied through wind tunnel experiments. Based on three-dimensional large-eddy simulations (3D LES), the flow topology is investigated to study the influence mechanism of AoAs. The results show that the flow topology around the section can be divided into three types: (i) completely attached flow pattern as |α| ≤ 4°; (ii) separated-reattached flow pattern as 6°≤|α|≤8°; (iii) fully separated flow pattern as |α| ≥ 10°. The combination of experimental and numerical results presents a deep understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of a streamlined box girder and reveals the relationships between the pressure features and flow topology. The pressure characteristics and total forces are very sensitive to the flow separation and reattachment. At small AoAs, the flow attaches to the bridge section, the mean and RMS pressure, total force, as well as streamwise correlations change slightly with AoAs. Besides, the shear layer is a laminar pattern and has less impact on the span-wise correlations. Moreover, the vortices in the wake remain successive in the span-wise direction, and the Strouhal numbers are larger. On the other hand, with the increase of AoAs, large separation bubbles can be observed around the bridge section. Especially for fully separated flow pattern as |α| ≥ 10°, the shear layer no longer attaches to the bridge section and the separation bubble is longer than the section width. Accordingly, the mean and RMS pressure, total force, as well as streamwise correlations increase significantly. Besides, the shear layer is a turbulent pattern, and the turbulent fluctuations in wake become complex and less organized in the span-wise direction, then the St is lower than others.

Deep learning to infer eddy heat fluxes from sea surface height patterns of mesoscale turbulence

Mesoscale eddies have strong signatures in sea surface height (SSH) anomalies that are measured globally through satellite altimetry. However, monitoring the transport of heat associated with these eddies and its impact on the global ocean circulation remains difficult as it requires simultaneous observations of upper-ocean velocity fields and interior temperature and density properties. Here we demonstrate that for quasigeostrophic baroclinic turbulence the eddy patterns in SSH snapshots alone contain sufficient information to estimate the eddy heat fluxes. We use simulations of baroclinic turbulence for the supervised learning of a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict up to 64% of eddy heat flux variance. CNNs also significantly outperform other conventional data-driven techniques. Our results suggest that deep CNNs could provide an effective pathway towards an operational monitoring of eddy heat fluxes using satellite altimetry and other remote sensing products.

Contaminant Removal from Virtual Operation Room

Most bacterial contaminants found in operation rooms come from patient’s exhale or from wounds after surgery that make colony forming units. Thus, yearly, a lot people suffer from infections acquired during surgical procedures. Removing pollutants from operation room by investigating the influence of different locations and types of entry and exit grills is the subject of the present work. Equations of fluid flow including the continuity, momentum, energy equations and species equation have been numerically solved by using the FLUENT ANSYS v.14 for virtual symmetric operation room taken in this paper. Turbulent flow of mixture material species is applied in the model of operation room. Standard K-epsilon was used for simulating turbulent flow pattern. The present study aims to find a proper arrangement of inlet and exhaust locations to reduce the unfavorable factors in operation room such us, contamination, humidity, temperature and also air velocity. These factors were achieved according to modification in inlet and exhaust grills arrangement and then simulated through FLUENT software program. Six different arrangements of supply and exhaust were studied to determine case of best health and comfort demands. Case no 5, using local exhaust ventilation, shows good improvement in removing contaminants. However, case no 6 which uses both local exhaust ventilation and like air curtain air supply, shows the optimum removal of contaminants, because it shows lower contamination mass fraction. Meanwhile, the worst contaminant removal were in case 2 and case 1, where source of contaminant exists in low movement zone (dead zones) or region of separation of streamlines. The results showed, using both local exhaust ventilation and like air curtain air supply as in case (6) maintains an average temperature of 21.3 °C, the least amount of particles mass fraction of contaminants 6.36E-08 and moisture content of 0.009.

Turbulence and turbulent flow structures in a ventricular assist device-A numerical study using the large-eddy simulation.

Numerical flow simulations that analyze the turbulent flow characteristics within a turbopump are important for optimizing the efficiency of such machines. In the case of ventricular assist devices (VADs), turbulent flow characteristics must be also examined in order to improve hemocompatibility. Turbulence increases the shear stresses in the VAD flow, which can lead to an increased damage to the transported blood components. Therefore, an understanding of the turbulent flow patterns and their significance for the numerical blood damage prediction is particularly important for flow optimizations in VADs in order to identify and thus minimize flow regions where blood could be damaged due to high turbulent stresses. Nevertheless, the turbulence occurring in VADs and the local turbulent structures that lead to increased turbulent stresses have not yet been analyzed in detail in these machines. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the turbulence in an axial VAD in a comprehensive and double tracked way. First, the flow in an axial VAD was computed using the large-eddy simulation method, and it was verified that the majority of the turbulence was directly resolved by the simulation. Then, the turbulent flow state of the VAD was quantified globally. For this purpose, a self-designed evaluation method, the power loss analysis, was used. Subsequently, local flow regions and flow structures were identified where significant turbulent stresses prevail. It will be shown that the identified regions are universal and will also occur in other axial blood pumps as well, for example, in the HeartMate II.

Impact of soil moisture on the dominant modes of North American temperature variability

North American temperature variability and its link with soil moisture is examined in observational/reanalysis datasets and in carefully designed model experiments. The model experiments consist of a control simulation, where soil moisture is allowed to interact (coupled) with the atmosphere at each model time step, and an uncoupled simulation, where soil moisture is prescribed with climatological annual cycle values. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis reveals that the first three dominant modes of temperature variability, which span synoptic to inter-annual time scales, are very similar in both the observations and the coupled simulation, suggesting that the coupled model successfully reproduces the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of temperature variability. Comparison of the coupled and uncoupled simulations indicates that damping soil moisture variability leads to a clear and robust reduction in temperature variability associated with one of these leading modes, and modest changes to the other two. To explore the underlying feedback processes, the principal component time series of this mode is correlated with the circulation, radiation and turbulent fluxes. This analysis suggests that soil moisture modulates the turbulent fluxes and regional circulation patterns, which in turn modifies the net shortwave radiation pattern to affect the spatio-temporal variability of temperature. Considering the long memory of soil moisture anomalies and the above role it played in modulating one of the leading modes of North Americas temperature variability, the results presented here can have implications for improving sub-seasonal to seasonal temperature forecast skill over North America.

Uncovering the Trigger for Mars’ Global Dust Storms

Enshrouding the Martian surface with thick clouds of dust, the Red Planet’s unique global dust storms have long mystified astronomers and planetary scientists. James Shirley, at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, has shown through his research that the occurrence of these global storms is strongly linked to the changes in Mars’ motion about the gravitational centre of the solar system. Already boasting strong observational evidence, his results could not only improve our understanding of the Mars atmosphere – they may also lead to a better understanding of turbulent weather patterns on Earth.

Computer assisted Doppler waveform analysis and ultrasound derived turbulence intensity ratios can predict early hyperplasia development in newly created vascular access fistula: Pilot study, methodology and analysis.

ObjectivesFollowing surgical creation of arterio-venous fistulae (AVF), the desired outward remodeling is often accompanied by the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), which can stymie maturation and may lead to thrombosis and access failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a non-invasive test, to detect and quantify the turbulent flow patterns believed to be associated with NIH development.DesignThis was a prospective, observational study. Ultrasound derived turbulence intensity ratios (USTIR) were calculated from spectral Doppler waveforms, recorded from newly formed AVF, and were compared with haemodynamic and structural changes observed during the initial maturation period.SettingMeasurements were obtained by accredited Clinical Vascular Scientists, at the Royal Free Hospital, London.ParticipantsPatients with newly created AVF were invited to participate in the study. A total of 30 patients were initially recruited with 19 participants completing the 10 week study protocol.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the development of NIH resulting in a haemodynamically significant lesion.The secondary outcome was successful maturation of the AVF at 10 weeks.ResultsElevated USTIR in the efferent vein 2 weeks post surgery corresponded to the development of NIH formation (P = 0.02). A cut off of 6.39% predicted NIH development with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 80%.ConclusionAnalysis of Doppler waveforms can successfully identify deleterious flow patterns and predict inward luminal remodelling in maturing AVF. We propose a longitudinal follow up study to assess the viability of this technique as a surveillance tool.

Numerical research of the influence of wall heating on the turbulent flow pattern in an idealized street canyon

The work is aimed at the study of the flow structure and the distribution of impurities in an idealized street canyon, depending on the intensity of heating of the street canyon walls.

Experimental study on air-water countercurrent flow limitation in a vertical tube based on measurement of film thickness behavior

The gas-liquid counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) is closely related to efficient and safety operation of many equipment in industrial cycle. Air-water countercurrent flow experiments were performed in a tube with diameter of 25 mm to understand the triggering mechanism of CCFL. A parallel electrode probe was utilized to measure film thickness whereby the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of liquid film was obtained. The amplitude of the interface wave is small at low liquid flow rate while it becomes large at high liquid flow rate after being disturbed by the airflow. The spectral characteristic curve shows a peak-shaped distribution. The crest exists between 0 and 10 Hz and the amplitude decreases with the frequency increase. The analysis of visual observation and characteristic of film thickness indicate that two flooding mechanisms were identified at low and high liquid flow rate, respectively. At low liquid flow rate, the interfacial waves upward propagation is responsible for the formation of CCFL onset. While flooding at high liquid flow rate takes place as a direct consequence of the liquid bridging in tube due to the turbulent flow pattern. Moreover, it is believed that there is a transition region between the low and high liquid flow rate.

Turbulence Driven by Reflected Internal Tides in a Supercritical Submarine Canyon

AbstractThe La Jolla Canyon System (LJCS) is a small, steep, shelf-incising canyon offshore of San Diego, California. Observations conducted in the fall of 2016 capture the dynamics of internal tides and turbulence patterns. Semidiurnal (D2) energy flux was oriented up-canyon; 62% ± 20% of the signal was contained in mode 1 at the offshore mooring. The observed mode-1 D2 tide was partly standing based on the ratio of group speed times energy cgE and energy flux F. Enhanced dissipation occurred near the canyon head at middepths associated with elevated strain arising from the standing wave pattern. Modes 2–5 were progressive, and energy fluxes associated with these modes were oriented down-canyon, suggesting that incident mode-1 waves were back-reflected and scattered. Flux integrated over all modes across a given canyon cross section was always onshore and generally decreased moving shoreward (from 240 ± 15 to 5 ± 0.3 kW), with a 50-kW increase in flux occurring on a section inshore of the canyon’s major bend, possibly due to reflection of incident waves from the supercritical sidewalls of the bend. Flux convergence from canyon mouth to head was balanced by the volume-integrated dissipation observed. By comparing energy budgets from a global compendium of canyons with sufficient observations (six in total), a similar balance was found. One exception was Juan de Fuca Canyon, where such a balance was not found, likely due to its nontidal flows. These results suggest that internal tides incident at the mouth of a canyon system are dissipated therein rather than leaking over the sidewalls or siphoning energy to other wave frequencies.

Flow accelerated corrosion rate on carbon steel pipe bend by thin layer activation technique and computational modeling: Under PHWR operating conditions

Carbon Steel (CS) piping plays a vital role in the heat transport circuits of power plants. These pipes undergo excessive degradation in some of the specific locations due to the flow dynamics variation and such corrosion is termed as the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC). The corrosion rate is usually estimated at a specific location based on one of the best available technique known as the Think Layer Activation (TLA) method. In the present study this method was adopted for the estimation of CS pipe corrosion with 50NB Sch 160, bend angle of 58° and 4D bend radius (D-pipe diameter). Irradiated location was chosen based on the turbulence patterns in the bend as mapped by CFD analysis. At the specified location the corrosion rate to be monitored was irradiated with the proton beam of 13.3 MeV energy aiming for the nuclear reaction of Fe56(p,n) Co56. This irradiated specimen was welded to the High Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) loop and operated at 290 °C/87 bar. The chemistry parameters like pH (10.2) and DO (< 5 ppb) in the loop were maintained by suitably adding LiOH and N2H4. Corrosion rate was assessed by measuring the radioactivity decrease due to corrosion. Throughout the experimental duration the radioactivity measurement was carried on the CS pipe surface at the fixed distance locations. The flow structure in the considered geometry is simulated using CFD. The flow field, velocity, is used to calculate the wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient. The corrosion rate is calculated with the help of Chilton-Calbourn Equation. It is observed that the computed corrosion rate for this CS pipe under this chemistry and geometry conditions was 400um/y which coincides with that of the TLA method.