Turbinaria Conoides Research Articles

Diversity and distribution of the brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae Kjellman, 1891) in cham islands, Quang Nam province, Vietnam

The study investigated the Phaeophyceae during the year 2019 at sixteen sampling sites representative for Cham islands. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, snorkelling and walking at the upper tidal zone in both dry and rainy seasons. Twenty-five species of the Phaeophyceae identified for Cham islands from four orders, four families and eleven genera. The Sargassaceae family is the most abundant species composition, followed by Dictyotaceae, Scytosiphonaceae and Asteronemataceae family. In the six islands surveyed, Hon Lao has the highest diversity with 19 species recorded; Hon Dai, Hon Tai, Hon Kho and Hon Mo island recorded from 10 to 14 species, and the lowest diversity is at the Hon La island with 8 species. Ten species Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota spinulosa, Lobophora obscura, Lobophora variegata, Pandina minor, Sargassum bicorne, Sargassum herklotsii, Sargassum parvifolium, Turbinaria conoides, Asteronema breviarticulatum reported as new records for the marine flora of Cham islands.

Conoidecyclics A-C from marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides: Newly described natural macrolides with prospective bioactive properties

Intertidal marine brown alga Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing (family Sargassaceae) is considered as one of the largely abundant species, available in the coastal zones of the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of the organic extract of T. conoides resulted in three previously undescribed macrocyclic lactone homologues, named as conoidecyclics A-C. Conoidecyclic A displayed greater attenuation potential against cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 1.75 mM) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 4.24 mM) in comparison with other analogues. Conoidecyclic A exhibited higher attenuation potential against 5-lipoxygenase than that displayed by an anti-inflammatory agent, ibuprofen (IC50 4.51 mM). The higher selectivity index of conoidecyclic A (1.79) recognized its selective attenuation potential against the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. Inhibition potential of conoidecyclic A against angiotensin converting enzyme-I (IC50 1.23 mM) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (IC50 1.39 mM) were non-competitive, as deduced by kinetic studies. In-silico molecular modeling study of conoidecyclic A with the allosteric sites of the targeted enzymes exhibited least binding energy of −14.51 to −11.27 kcal mol−1 compared to those exhibited by other studied macrolide homologues. Reaction kinetic studies of conoidecyclic A coupled with lesser apparent Vmax inferred that it could efficiently bind with the allosteric site of targeted enzymes in a non-competitive manner to diminish the reaction velocity resulting in enzyme inhibition. Drug-likeness and predictive pharmacokinetic parameters of conoidecyclic A exhibited an acceptable oral bioavailability. These reports inferred that conoidecyclic A encompassing pentacosa macrocyclic moiety could be a promising therapeutic lead to inhibit the enzymes related to the development and progression of pathological conditions leading to inflammation, hypertension and type-2 diabetes.

Halocarbon emissions by selected tropical seaweeds exposed to different temperatures

Four tropical seaweeds, Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto & Trono, Ulva reticulata Forsskål, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao and Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing, collected from various habitats throughout Malaysia, were subjected to temperatures of 40, 35, 30, 25 and 20 °C in the laboratory. An exposure range of 21–38 °C is reported for Malaysian waters. The effect of the temperature exposures on the halocarbon emissions of the seaweeds were determined 4 and 28 h after treatment. The emission rates for a suite of six halocarbons commonly emitted by seaweeds, bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), diiodomethane (CH2I2), iodomethane (CH3I), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and dichlorobromomethane (CHBrCl2), were measured using a cryogenic purge-and-trap sample preparation system coupled to a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The emission rate of CHBr3 was the highest of the six halocarbons for all the seaweeds under all the temperatures tested, followed by CH2Br2, and CH2I2. The emission rates were affected by temperature change and exposure duration, but overall responses were unique to each seaweed species. Larger decreases in the emissions of CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2I2 and CHBr2Cl were found for K. alvarezii and T. conoides after 4 h at 40 °C. In both cases there was a >90% (p < 0.05) reduction in the Fv/Fm value suggesting that photosynthetic actitivity was severely compromised. After a 28 h exposure period, strong negative correlations (r = −0.69 to −0.95; p < 0.01) were observed between temperature and the emission of CHBr3, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 for U. reticulata, K. alvarezii and T. conoides. This suggests a potential decrease in the halocarbon emissions from these tropical seaweeds, especially where the temperature increase is a prolonged event. Strong correlations were also seen between seaweed chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment contents and the emission rates for CHBr3, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 (r = 0.48 to 0.96 and −0.49 to −0.96; p < 0.05). These results suggest that the regulation of halocarbon production versus reactive oxygen species production in seaweeds is an area worthy of further exploration.

Anticoagulant Properties from Marine Algae – A Systemic Review

The anticoagulants are used to eliminate mainly blood clots. They are offered to patients who are at risk of developing clots, in order to improve their general wellbeing. Anticoagulant namely heparin, has many disadvantages like thrombocytopenia, antithrombin defensives, bleeding disorders and etc. The marine algae are sulphated polysaccharides has many advantages from commercially available anticoagulant which is derived from the animal's sources. The anticoagulant is found in various species of marine algae, mainly from the red, brown and green algae and its determined by various methods, namely APTT, PT, TT, CT. The marine algae species are Padina tetrastromatica, Ulva fasciata, Corallina, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Grateloupia filicina, Ulva rigida, Bursatella leachii, Agardhiella subulate, Turbinaria ornate, Monostroma angicava, Arthrospira platensis, Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wightii, Turbinaria conoides, Lomentaria catenate, Gracilaria debilis, and Monostroma nitidum are some of the species revealed its anticoagulant properties. The anticoagulant produced by the marine species are compared with standard namely heparin by in vitro and in vivo methods and the review result reveal that the anticoagulant values produced are nearer to the standard and in some species, the value are more than that of standard. The sample are crude extracted one and some samples are isolated from different fraction.

Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya dari Bubur Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Turbinaria conoides

Seaweed is one of the aquatic commodities which has many bioactive compounds. This bioactive compound is widely used in the cosmetic industry. In the cosmetic industry, usually has only one species of seaweed was used. The use of a combination of two seaweeds has not been widely used, therefore this study aims to determine the best sunscreen cream from the physical evaluation results of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Turbinaria conoides. The stages in this study were the making of seaweed porridge, formulation of sunscreen cream, and physical evaluation which included homogeneity, consistency of cream, cycling test, and organoleptic. In the homogeneity observation and cycling test, it was found that all treatments (cream concentration 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) had homogeneous and stable properties. The best cream consistency results were found in cream with 30% concentration (370x10–1). In organoleptic observations (appearance, color, and aroma) all creams with the addition of seaweed (cream concentration 10%, 20%, and 30%) were not significantly different. However, when compared to cream with 0% concentration, the results were significantly different. In this study, the sunscreen cream with the addition of 30% concentration of the combination of K. alvarezii and T. conoides is the best cream.

Molecular characterization of marine fungi associated with Haliclona sp. (sponge) and Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum (brown algae)

Molecular characterization of marine fungi associated with Haliclona sp. (sponge) and Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum (brown algae)

Sustainable approach of batch and continuous biosorptive systems for praseodymium and thulium ions removal in mono and binary aqueous solutions

With advancement of technologies in most of the sectors, the market requirement for the rare earth elements (REEs) increasing at a rapid rate. Hence, it is vital to recover REEs from wastewater. Thus, in the present study, biosorptive uptake of praseodymium (Pr(III)) and thulium (Tm(III)) ions from mono and binary solutions using polysulfone-immobilized Turbinaria conoides (PITC) were examined for the first time The sorption of Pr(III) and Tm(III) ions were performed in batch and column biosorption systems. The biosorptional uptakes of PITC for Pr(III) and Tm(III) in mono solution were found as 1.14 and 1.23 mmol/g, respectively. The equilibrium biosorption data of the mono system were examined through the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, whereas data of binary biosorption experiments were checked with Sheindorf–Rebhun–Sheintuch and extended Langmuir isotherm model. The desorption efficiency of PITC in batch system showed recovery of Pr(III) and Tm(III) more than 95.5% up to 5 cycles. Continuous biosorption models like the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and modified dose–response were employed to understand continuous biosorption behavior, and model constants were determined. The column desorption efficiency were observed as 98.9% (Pm(III)) and 99.5% (Tm(III)). Good biosorption capacity, desorption and reuse potential of PITC illustrated the environmental friendliness and scalable features.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) and their anticancer properties

Marine macroalgae produce numerous bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological properties. In this study, macroalga was collected from the Gulf of Mannar, India and identified as, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh). The aqueous extract of T. conoides was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesized iron NPs were characterized by X –ray diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The synthesized NPs showed potent activity against DLD1 and HeLa cell lines.

Histopathological investigation of the reef coral Goniastrea sp. affected by macroalgal abrasion

Interspecific competition between corals and macroalgae is a common phenomenon on coral reefs, and its impacts on the cellular structure of corals are not well studied. Field observations in Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (GoM), a protected reef environment, during January 2020 revealed abundant growth of the macroalga Turbinaria conoides over the coral, Goniastrea sp., causing tissue discoloration and physical injury through abrasion. Histopathological analysis revealed disruption of the gastrodermis with the loss of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates and focal ablation of the epidermis in the affected coral tissues. Cell counts confirmed a 65.1% reduction in endosymbiont density. Our results suggest that physical contact by T. conoides disrupted the coral epithelia, potentially leading to tissue loss and a reduction in live coral cover.

Synthesis and characterization of phyto mediated talc-based nanocomposite by wet chemical reduction method

Brown alga (Turbinaria conoides) mediated talc-based nanocomposite was synthesized by wet chemical reduction method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Here we employed T.conoides loaded with talc to synthesize nanocomposite. The results of FTIR and XRD showed good functionality and amorphous and, whereas scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the structure of the T. conoides mediated talc-based nanocomposite was found to be massive in structure, layered surface with some large flakes. The typical elemental composition of the talc and nanocomposite was successfully observed in EDAX. TEM images showed that the surface morphology of talc composite tended to be the presence of small polymer encapsulated seaweed compounds that aggregate together and create large particles are in spherical, octahedral, and trioctahedral in shape. The average particle size of talc nanocomposite ranged from 38 to 135 nm.

Aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles used against bacteria associated with diabetic foot ulcer

Abstract Fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides (TC) by reduction of Ag+ ions from silver nitrate solution has been examined. The fabricated TCAgNPs were characterized by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared TCAgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 452 nm and particles were polydispersed in nature, spherical in shape and the size of the particle obtained was ≤80 nm. The TCAgNPs exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against the multidrug resistant isolates of diabetic foot ulcer such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis with appropriate control strain by disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration method. Development of newer formulation using TCAgNPs become considered as alternative healing strategy for the management of diabetic foot infections.

Molecular docking of fucoidan (a polysaccharide compound Turbinaria conoides) with carbonic anhydrase IX—A potent target molecule in breast cancer

Molecular docking of fucoidan (a polysaccharide compound Turbinaria conoides) with carbonic anhydrase IX—A potent target molecule in breast cancer

Antibacterial potential of symbiont bacteria of brown algae (Turbinaria conoides) obtained from Indonesian waters

Abstract. Dharmayanti N, Anti A, Siregar RR, Sipahutar Y, Permadi A, Siregar AN, Salampessy RB, Sujuliyanti, Nurbani SZ, Purnamasari HB. 2021. Title. Biodiversitas 22: 373-378. Brown seaweeds have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. Bacteria associated with seaweeds are involved in the production of metabolites. Microbes may be present as a living symbiotic in association with other algae as epiphytes or endophytes. In this study, bacteria isolated from brown seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) were tested for antibacterial activity. A total of 14 bacteria were isolated, of which 6 were isolated from external tissue, while 8 from internal tissue. Results of an antagonistic test revealed that 7 isolates showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and only 1 isolate showed the inhibition against both S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis showed that the symbiont bacteria was Lactobacillus plantarum.

Characteristics of Turbinaria conoides and Padina Minor As Raw Materials For Healthy Seaweed Salt

Background: Seaweed is one of the abundant biological resources in Indonesia and contains secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics and antioxidant activity of brown seaweed salts that fits the standard hence it can be applied as a functional salt preparation for hypertensive patients. Objective: The study consisted of identification of raw materials, yield analysis, the levels of Na and K, heavy metals, NaCl and antioxidant activities using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Materials and Methods: The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different types of seaweed as a parameter (Turbinaria conoides and Padina minor), temperature (400C and 550C), and time (10 and 30 minutes) with 3 replications. Results: The results demonstrated the interaction between different types of seaweed, temperature and heating time had a significant effect on the level of 5% (P < 0.05) on yield, the ratio of Na:K and functional salt NaCl. A functional salt FRAP antioxidant activity of T. conoides ranged from 39.12 to 55.31 μM trolox/g and CUPRAC ranged from 98.50 to 113.95 μM trolox/g, while the functional salt from P. minor has FRAP antioxidant activity ranging from 18.19 to 24.67 µM trolox/g and CUPRAC 40.05-53.05 µM trolox/g. Conclusion: Seaweed T. conoides and P. minor can be used as raw materials for functional salt preparations for hypertensive patients.

Resilience of coral recruits in Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR), India

Interaction between climate change and resilience of the coral recruits will determine the future of the coral reefs. The recently emerged resilience mapping has provided adequate information on spatial planning for marine protected /unprotected area conservation measures. The present study has dealt with mapping the resilience of coral recruits in the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR), India. The resilience indicators are macroalgae, sedimentation, substratum, herbivore biomass, bleaching prevalence, disease prevalence, temperature variability, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and depth of the site. Our benthic survey encountered 103 coral recruits sites with selected coral species of Montipora digitata (41) Acropora nobilis (28), Montipora aequituberculata (23), Echinopora lamellosa (9) and Acropora humilis (2). Among the 103 sites, 12 coral recruits sites showed high resilience, while medium and low resilience was observed in 75 and 16 sites, respectively. Our survey observations evidently demonstrated that frequent macroalgae such as Caulerpa scalpelliformis (49), Caulerpa racemosa (29), Ulva reticulata (11), Turbinaria ornata (5), Chaetomorpha linum (4), Turbinaria conoides (3) and Kappaphycus alvarezii (2), were identified as a major hindrance to coral recruits. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that sedimentation, macroalgae, and temperature variability were the factors playing a major role among different sites. Among the islands of GOMMBR high resilience of coral recruits found in the Pulivinichalli and Upputhanni islands. While, low resilience sites observed in the islands of Krusadai, Hare, Thalaiyari, Appa, Valimunai, Koswari, and Van. Altogether, the present study provides a clear spatial view on the resilience situation of the GOMMBR corals recruitment. Altogether, in order to save the coral recruits from multiple threats, a threat-specific conservation plan has to be established to conserve the corals in GOMMBR.

Antifungal Property of Denture Cleansers and Turbinaria conoides against Candida albicans: A Review Article

ABSTRACT One of the major problems faced by most of the denture wearers especially geriatric population comes in the form of denture stomatitis, and the common causative organism is found to be Candida albicans. It has the greatest ability to form biofilm on the surface of the dentures. Various mechanical and chemical methodologies have been employed to eradicate this problem. Several studies have evaluated the antifungal properties of commercially available denture cleansers and other novel agents. Turbinaria conoides proves to have promising antifungal properties, and further studies have to be conducted to reach the depth of the individual compound responsible for the antifungal activity. How to cite this article: Ravichandran V, Manivasakan S, Livingstone DW, Albert JR. Antifungal Property of Denture Cleansers and Turbinaria conoides against Candida albicans: A Review Article. J Sci Dent 2020;10(2):51–54.

Formulation of alginate based hydrogel from brown seaweed, Turbinaria conoides for biomedical applications

Sodium Alginate (SA) is an excellent carrier in various drug delivery systems. In this study, SA was synthesized from brown seaweed, Turbinaria conoides with a yield of 31.3 ± 0.86%. The analysis of physicochemical properties of extracted alginate (ALG) determined its purity. The structural confirmations of ALG were studied through FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. Formulation of ALG with collagen (COL) as a wound healing microfilm showed potential anti-inflammatory properties (81.3 ± 1.77%) and sustained drug release. Likewise, the ALG microbead encapsulated with an anticancer drug, Tamoxifen indicated an in vitro sustained release in the range of 62 ± 0.70% - 91 ± 0.56%. The overall swelling behavior of both the hydrogels, microfilm and microbead provides new opportunities for development of natural ALG in this therapeutic era.

Facile synthesis of micro/mesoporous functional carbon from Turbinaria conoides seaweed for high performance of supercapacitors

In this present work, functional carbon was prepared by direct pyrolysis method followed by carbonization process from the dried seaweeds Turbinaria conoides (TC) without any activation and performed for the application of supercapacitors. This technique is applicable to most of the dried biomass. The synthesized functional conducting carbon was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), field emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods. The synthesized functional carbon electrode materials were also tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge (CD), Impedance analysis in aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) and for cycle stability performance. By using three electrode systems, the electrode material of TC-700 shows best capacitance performance of 416F/g when compared to other samples of dried TC-800 and 900. The dried seaweed TC-700 based supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density 52 Wh/kg at a power density of 104 W/kg and still maintains at 27 Wh/kg at a high power density of 520.8 W/kg in 1 M H2SO4. These findings of the result suggest a simple approach without any chemical activation to produce micro or mesoporous functional carbon prepared with TC seaweed as a natural source precursor with high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors.

Characteristic of Seaweed Porridge Eucheuma cottonii and Turbinaria conoides as Raw Peel off Mask

Peel off seaweed masks have active ingredients and antioxidants are needed. The use of seaweed porridge as raw material for peel off masks is an alternative because it zero waste and low production costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic and the best ratio porridge seaweed of Eucheuma cottonii and Turbinaria conoides as a raw material for peel masks, and also peel masks from the ratio of the best seaweed porridge. The porridge seaweed E. cottonii and T. conoides were characterized including moisture, pH, phytochemicals and antioxidants. The ratio of the best seaweed pulp is formulated for peel off skin masks that characterized by pH, viscosity, dry time, dispersion, antioxidant, and sensory. The results showed that the best porridge ratio of E. cottonii and T. conoides was obtained at a ratio of 1:1 with a pH value of 6.3; IC50 value is 137.36 ppm. Porridge E. cottonii and T. conoides contain a bioactive components. Peeled masks with a 1:1 ratio of seaweed porridge formula have the characteristics of drying time for 25.50 minutes, dispersing power of 5.5 cm, viscosity of 7,200 cP, pH value 6.81, and containing antioxidants 902.58 ppm. Sensory peel off masks seaweed formulas against appearance, color, odor, and texture are no different from peel masks without seaweed formulas and commercial masks.

Fucoidan from marine brown algae attenuates pancreatic cancer progression by regulating p53 – NFκB crosstalk

Poor pancreatic cancer (PC) prognosis has been attributed to its resistance to apoptosis and propensity for early systemic dissemination. Existing therapeutic strategies are often circumvented by the molecular crosstalk between cell-signalling pathways. p53 is mutated in more than 50% of PC and NFκB is constitutively activated in therapy-resistant residual disease; these mutations and activations account for the avoidance of cell death and metastasis. Recently, we demonstrated the anti-PC potential of fucoidan extract from marine brown alga, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kützing (Sargassaceae). In this study, we aimed to characterize the active fractions of fucoidan extract to identify their select anti-PC efficacy, and to define the mechanism(s) involved. Five fractions of fucoidan isolated by ion exchange chromatography were tested for their potential in genetically diverse human PC cell lines. All fractions exerted significant dose-dependent and time-dependent regulation of cell survival. Fucoidans induced apoptosis, activated caspase −3, −8 and −9, and cleaved Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Pathway-specific transcriptional analysis recognized inhibition of 57 and 38 nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway molecules with fucoidan-F5 in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells, respectively. In addition, fucoidan-F5 inhibited both the constitutive and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-mediated NFκB DNA-binding activity in PC cells. Upregulation of cytoplasmic IκB levels and significant reduction of NFκB-dependent luciferase activity further substantiate the inhibitory potential of seaweed fucoidans on NFκB. Moreover, fucoidan(s) treatment increased cellular p53 in PC cells and reverted NFκB forced-expression-related p53 reduction. The results suggest that fucoidan regulates PC progression and that fucoidans may target p53–NFκB crosstalk and dictate apoptosis in PC cells.