Tunneling Technology Research Articles

Changes in the Structures and Directions of Rock Excavation Research from 1999 to 2020: A Bibliometric Study

Rock excavation has been the hot spot and frontier of scientific research. Rock excavation research is in a period of rapid development. The bibliographies included in ISI Web of Knowledge database from 1999–2020 were used as data samples, and the collected data were analyzed by literature co-citation and cluster analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer information visualization techniques and dynamic network analysis tools. A knowledge map of the evolution of bibliometric research development is drawn to reveal the representative literature in the field of bibliometrics. The hot areas of bibliometric research are introduced. The development trend of bibliometrics is proposed. The results of the study show that the amount of the literature on rock excavation is growing rapidly. A large amount of the foreign literature is available in China, the United States, Australia, Canada, France, and other countries. The main included journals are Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, “Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,” “Engineering Geology,” and “Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.” Keyword co-occurrence analysis includes the following contents: rock damage constitutive model, excavation damage area, numerical simulation, stability analysis support, and prediction technology of rock.

Application Analysis of Roadway Tunneling and Support Technology in Coal Mining Engineering

Application Analysis of Roadway Tunneling and Support Technology in Coal Mining Engineering

Research on the Application of the IPv6 Network Protocol

With the rapid development of computer network technology, network applications have been very popular in people’s lives and work. The computer network technology includes many aspects, mainly including the communication technology and the computer technology. Although the network application has been relatively impeccable now, although people can contact anyone anywhere at any time through the network, it is still not perfect enough, and there are still great bottlenecks in the network technology. The network protocol plays an important role in the network technology. At present, the IPv4 protocol is more widely used in the Internet than others. Although the IPv6 protocol also has some applications, it is used less widely. For this reason, it is very necessary to research the application of the IPv6 network protocol. This paper mainly studies the main technical performance of the IPv6 network protocol, and introduces its application with specific examples. This paper analyzes the tunnel technology, network address translator technology and dual-stack technology of IPv6. And this paper introduces the basic configuration of the IPv6 address and of the static routing according to a specific type of router.

Analysis of Comprehensive Mechanized Rapid Tunneling Technology in Coal Mine

Analysis of Comprehensive Mechanized Rapid Tunneling Technology in Coal Mine

Using Microcomputer Technology to Realize the Exploration of Electromechanical Equipment Automation of Extra-long Tunnel in Plateau Area

Tunnel engineering construction in high altitude and cold region is greatly affected by the environment, the construction difficulty is high, and the resource allocation is also different from ordinary mountains. In this paper, the mechanical and electrical equipment automation technology of extra-long tunnel in plateau region is explored for the reference of readers.

The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal

Technologies-based production practices are critical for agricultural growth and sustainable development in low-income countries like Nepal. In the last few years, tunnel house has been increasingly promoted as tools to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihood and tackle climate adversaries. However, little is known about what factor determines its adoption and whether it helps smallholders adapt to climate change and experience better livelihood. We address these gaps using the cross-sectional survey data collected from 62 adopters and 92 non-adopters in three municipalities of Bagmati Province. We employed descriptive analysis and probit model and found out that age, farm size, and ethnicity strongly influence the technology adoption amongst smallholder farmers. Additionally, treatment model and ordinary least square (OLS) regression were utilized to examine tunnel technology’s effect. Our study shows that tunnel significantly increases production by 32 tons/year/hectare and protects crops from climate change effects such as heavy rainfall and temperature change. Likewise, tunnel technology increases the net crop income by $1700/year/hectare. However, the economic benefit is not substantial compared to technology’s adoption cost as adopters incur enormous costs of $12,000/year/hectare on equipment, labor and resources. These results suggest policymakers should concentrate on reducing the technology’s cost, which could be achieved through subsidies, financial support, or price control mechanisms. Ensuring technology’s affordability can contribute to smallholder farmers’ sustainable livelihood in Nepal and countries with similar contexts.

Classification of Abnormal Traffic in Smart Grids Based on GACNN and Data Statistical Analysis

With the continuous development of smart grids, communication networks carry more and more power services, and at the same time, they are also facing more and more security issues. For example, some malicious software usually uses encryption technology or tunnel technology to bypass firewalls, intrusion detection systems, etc., thereby posing a serious threat to the information security of smart grids. At present, the classification of network traffic mainly depends on the correct extraction of network protocol characteristics. However, the process of extracting network features by some traditional methods is time-consuming and overly dependent on experience. In order to solve the problem of accurate classification of power network traffic, this paper proposes a method of convolutional neural network based on genetic algorithm optimization (GACNN) and data statistical analysis. This method can simultaneously extract the time characteristics between different packet groups and the spatial characteristics in the same packet group. Therefore, it greatly saves manpower and gets rid of the dependence on experience value. The proposed method has been tested and verified on the UNSW-NB15 dataset and the real dataset collected by the power company. The results show that the proposed method can correctly classify abnormal network flows and is much better than traditional machine learning methods. In large-scale real network flow scenarios, the detection rate of the proposed method exceeds 97%, while the traditional method is generally less than 90%.

Effect of low poly tunnel on the yield and economics of bottle gourd

The main objective of Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) is to demonstrate newly released crop production technologies and its management practices at the farmer’s field under different agro-climatic regions and farming situations. Realizing the importance of frontline demonstrations in transfer of off season production technologies in bottle gourd, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar, Nagaur-II conducted FLDs at farmers’ field to assess the economic feasibility of technology. Result of a comparative evaluation of low poly tunnel technology and traditional growing method of bottle gourd showed that the average yield of demonstrations was found to be 298 q /ha, whereas, for local crop, it was found to be 245 q/ha. The gross returns (Rs. 238400/ha), net returns (Rs. 138200/ha) and BCR (2.38) ratio were also recorded highest in bottle gourd grown under low tunnel compared to local check. The total bottle gourd yield and net profit per unit area were above normal when grown under low tunnels as the produce reached the market early avoiding the market glut.

Lessons from accidents during tunnel construction

The number and complexity of tunnel systems will surely increase with ever increasing population and urbanization. Although most tunnel construction projects have been completed safely, there have been several incidents that have resulted in delays, cost overruns, and sometimes more significant consequences such as injury and loss of life. In this paper we present a database of tunnel accidents that occurred during construction containing 206 cases that were collected from a combination of literature review, newspapers, and correspondence with tunneling experts around the world. This paper describes the data collection and the results of the data analysis. The study of the accidents in the database made it possible to identify and categorize accidents into different types, typical causes, and consequences, as well as identify the scenarios in which these events (accidents) are more likely to occur. The analysis of the database shows that unexpected ground conditions are often the main reason for tunneling accidents during construction. Despite recent efforts made to improve existing tunneling technologies, forecasting ground conditions in tunneling remains the most challenging task in tunneling because of significant uncertainties related to the subsurface. The study of the different cases of the database made it possible to identify different scenarios, in which these events are most likely to occur. As a result of the analysis, influence diagrams were constructed for each type of accident containing the main factors, and the interactions between them. To emphasize: the objectives of the paper are: 1. To provide information on tunnel accidents and the related data collection process and 2. Present a process with which the information can be systematically evaluated.

Digital Circuits and Systems based on Single-Electron Tunneling Technology

In this work, digital circuits and systems based on single-electron tunneling technology will be presented and analyzed. A simple design methodology will be proposed using a programmable single-electron NAND/NOR gate as a building block. Aspects such as operating temperature, noise, and charge fluctuations will be discussed. SET devices can reach ultra-low power consumption and high frequencies during operation. Although there are already many digital SET circuits and systems previously proposed and studied, there are few works about design methodology for SETs. This study shows a proposal for designing combinational and sequential singleelectron circuits aiming at systems design. In the end, this work reinforces the use of single-electron technology as a possible large scale device in the future.

Potential of acid tunneling technology on the fields LLC “Gazpromneft Orenburg”

The results of acid tunneling on carbonate reservoirs of the Orenburg region for the increase of drainage area are considered. Weaknesses of the technology are considered, ways to improve efficiency are proposed. The technology made it possible to obtain stable increments of oil production at pilot wells.

Construction Technology of Large-deformation High Geostress Soft Rock Tunnel

In the process of tunnel construction, if large-deformation occurs in high geostress soft rock, it will likely cause geological disasters. This situation will not only seriously affect the smooth progress of tunnel construction, but also cause serious safety threat to the construction personnel. Therefore, with the continuous growth in the number and scale of tunnel construction in recent years, the construction technology for high geostress soft rock with large-deformation has begun to receive more and more attention from the society. Based on this, this paper takes an actual project as an example to analyze the specific application of the technology in order to improve the construction effect and avoid the damage caused by the large-deformation of the high geostress soft rock.

Research on Construction Control Technology of Large-Span and Small Clear Distance Underpass High-Voltage Line Tunnel

Hanping tunnel is a control project of national highway 310 Dahejia to Qingshui highway project. It needs to cross a 330kV high-voltage transmission line under the condition of small clear distance, which requires high construction requirements. In view of the difficulties such as shallow buried depth of tunnel and small clear distance between tunnel and tower of high-voltage line, multiple excavation blasting method is adopted, and smooth blasting, charge quantity control and damping hole setting are comprehensively used to reduce the impact on the tower and structure of high-voltage line. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the project, the large-scale finite element analysis software is used to simulate the whole excavation project. The influence of the full-section method and the middle partition wall method (CD method) on the surrounding rock and the high-voltage electric tower is compared. It is found that the CD method can effectively control the displacement of the surrounding rock and the tower on it and the uneven settlement.

Data Center Network Architecture Design for Cloud Computing

In this paper, through the demand analysis of cloud computing data center network, the typical layer 2 Technology (virtual switch technology and tunnel technology) and cloud data center cross site layer 2 interconnection technology are analyzed and discussed in detail. This paper proposes MPLS VPN technology as an important technology of cloud computing data center network second tier expansion, and discusses VPLS network architecture and working principle in detail. This paper proposes the network architecture and implementation scheme of cloud data center based on MPLS VPN, and completes the network related tests. Finally, the characteristics of the system are summarized and analyzed. In this study, MPLS VPN technology is integrated into the existing cloud computing architecture to achieve the seamless integration of cloud computing resources and lay a theoretical foundation for the connection between virtual private cloud and public cloud. The experimental results show that according to the requirements of cloud computing data center, this research realizes the dual activity of network between data centers.

Research on Pipe Jacking Construction Technology Based on Upcrossing Metro and Cable Tunnel

Based on the sewage pipeline defect repair project of Shizuo Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, this article uses traditional technology to repair the basic pipelines of the old and new urban areas and the environmental conditions of the construction section. The pipe jacking construction in the trenchless repair is used to cross the subway and the construction pipeline. The complicated construction technology of the cable tunnel is discussed. Using the Peck empirical formula to estimate the ground settlement and its deformation pressure on the surrounding tunnels, the maximum deformation of the tunnel pipeline in the soil disturbance area during the construction process of the project is 0.80mm, and the maximum deformation of the subway tunnel is 1.42mm, which accurately reflects the roof The impact of pipe construction on the soil of surrounding tunnels. And study the disturbance influence of the two soil stabilization technologies of high pressure jet grouting pile and work well top-down construction method on the surrounding soil during the construction process, minimize the disturbance influence of the pipe jacking construction method on the surrounding soil, and ensure the construction quality and safety of the site.

Study on construction risk and control technology of subway tunnel in soft soil stratum

Taking the shield crossing Huangma road of Beijing new airport line as the engineering background, main construction risks of large section shield crossing Huangma road in soft soil layer were analyzed. Taking the support pressure of excavation face as the research object, the influence of shield excavation on the surrounding soil and surface deformation of the working face were studied, and the corresponding reinforcement measures were proposed. According to the field monitoring data after reinforcement, the settlement trough of 8.8m shield was predicted based on peck formula. The results show that the width coefficient of settlement slot of 8.8 m shield machine varies from 0.41 to 0.46, with an average value of 0.42.

Research on open cut blasting technology of reservoir diversion tunnel

Research on open cut blasting technology of reservoir diversion tunnel

Study on large deformation characteristics and control technology of tunnel surrounding rock in debris flow accumulation area

Debris flow accumulation has the characteristics of loose and broken, low strength, poor stability and so on. When the tunnel passes through the debris flow accumulation area, it is easy to bring major safety hazards to the construction site. Based on the engineering background of Gangou tunnel crossing debris flow accumulation area in the fourth bid of Jiumian expressway, this paper establishes a numerical calculation model, studies the large deformation characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock in debris flow area, determines the reasonable reinforcement range of tunnel surrounding rock, and puts forward the comprehensive control technology of tunnel passing through debris flow accumulation body combining surface stability and underground reinforcement based on simulation results and field experience. The numerical results show that the deformation of surrounding rock and ground surface can be effectively controlled. The rationality of the proposed control measures is verified by field monitoring, which provides a reference for surrounding rock control of tunnel under type conditions.

Multipronged approaches of KVK for enhancing agricultural production in micro-climatic conditions of the district

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kupwara is engaged in providing timely supply of proven technologies specific to various micro-climatic locations in operational areas thus alleviating the technology fatigue existing in the district. The various extension methods like FLD, OFT, method demonstration, campaign, group discussion etc., are being employed to extend new knowledge and skill to the farmers in operational areas. The front line demonstrations on cereals (paddy, wheat, maize); oilseed crops (Brown Sarson), pulses (pea) and oats were conducted on farmers field. Under FLDs, latest components were demonstrated i.e. latest released varieties, fertilizers, date of sowing, ICM, IDM for respective crop. The yield of paddy was recorded to the tune of 64 q ha-1 demonstrating an increase of 28% in the yield as compared to local variety. The low tunnel technology demonstrated to farmers in the spring was encouraging for higher belts as there is always the possibility of dip in mercury during the preparation of nursery. The number of FLD’s under maize was highest benefitting 126 farmers covering an area of 10.8 hectares. The results depicted an increase of 111% yield and proved instrumental in improving the livelihood of the farming community. Introduction of Shalimar Wheat -1 sown during second/third week of October combined with pre-sowing irrigation had a tangible impact on yield (30q/Ha).The On- farm testing on onion, pea and cucurbits was laid in the farmers field and executed under the supervision of the scientist. The application of different doses of sulphur resulted in significant improvement in the yield and shelf life of onion. The application of sulphur @40kg /ha. recorded yield of 272q/ha and increased the shelf life more than 67 days as against control. Blanching with KMS @2g/l of solution for three minutes followed by sun drying reduced the extent of browning (5%) of dehydrated cucurbit. OFT on pea revealed that second week of October is best in terms of yield which decreased drastically by end of October sowing. Seeds may be sown when the soil has optimum moisture content for crop germination and establishment. The various technologies that were demonstrated and tested in the farmers fields of operational areas at district level showed promise and the farmers were highly satisfied with the results.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Bearing Capacity of Circumferential Joint of New Spatial Steel Tubular Grid Arch in Mined Tunnel

Under the circumstance of soft fractured surrounding rock with high geo-stress, the support technology of tunnel has become a major challenge. Traditional I-shaped steel and bar lattice girder, which cross-sections are often designed to be left-right symmetrical, may have insufficient strength and stiffness. Based on the concept of symmetry, a new support technology of spatial steel tubular grid (SSTG) arch is designed with high strength and large stiffness. In order to clarify the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of SSTG arch used as primary support, through laboratory and numerical experiments, this paper carries out the bending tests for the circumferential joint of SSTG arch components combined with the excavation tunnel project of Panyu Square Station in Guangzhou, and the analyses of the ultimate bearing capacity, deflection displacement, failure modes, and stress–strain evolution laws of joint components are conducted in detail. The results show that during the whole process of loading, the arch components have experienced elastic growth stage, plastic development stage, and final failure stage. The average ultimate bending capacity of SSTG arches is 340.5 kN·m, and the joint opening is 13.9 mm. The joint form of high-strength bolt + rigid flange plate proposed in the paper has reasonable stress state and high safety redundancy, which can bear the load of surrounding rock effectively, and ensure the safety in tunnel construction. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of SSTG arch support in related projects.