Tuning Systems Research Articles

Microtonal Guitar Culture in Turkey

The main objective of this article is to analyze the development and the contemporary artistic milieu of microtonal guitar culture in Turkey. With a particular focus on the adjustable microtonal guitar developed by Tolgahan Çoğulu, we examined musicians’ experiences and the ways that they relate to this musical instrument. We used qualitative research methods and conducted in-depth interviews with our key informant and adviser Tolgahan Çoğulu as well as eight musicians who specialize in microtonal guitar. We utilized Bennett and Peterson’s definition of ‘scene’ to discuss microtonal guitar culture in Turkey. After briefly presenting the development of guitar music and questioning the nature of its representation in Istanbul, we analyzed the themes that emerged in conversation with the guitar players. We determined that our interviewees, who are educated, enthusiastic and committed musicians, are all influenced by Tolgahan Çoğulu’s efforts to shape the microtonal guitar world and are driven by their own artistic motivations. We found that musicians shared views on the innovative and promising qualities as well as certain live performance-related difficulties of this instrument –including the need to hammer new frets for different tuning systems on stage and the necessity of sharing microtonal guitar music recordings or videos using new media technologies. Although musical pieces in the microtonal guitar repertoire are mainly rooted in Turkish music, many consider this instrument to be an attempt towards overcoming the generally accepted distinctions between Western and Eastern music. We aim to contribute to further analysis of this flourishing music culture through our discussions on future implications of the current situation and our projections for the growing interest in microtonal music in Turkey.

Facilitating database tuning with hyper-parameter optimization

Recently, using automatic configuration tuning to improve the performance of modern database management systems (DBMSs) has attracted increasing interest from the database community. This is embodied with a number of systems featuring advanced tuning capabilities being developed. However, it remains a challenge to select the best solution for database configuration tuning, considering the large body of algorithm choices. In addition, beyond the applications on database systems, we could find more potential algorithms designed for configuration tuning. To this end, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of configuration tuning techniques from a broader perspective, hoping to better benefit the database community. In particular, we summarize three key modules of database configuration tuning systems and conduct extensive ablation studies using various challenging cases. Our evaluation demonstrates that the hyper-parameter optimization algorithms can be borrowed to further enhance the database configuration tuning. Moreover, we identify the best algorithm choices for different modules. Beyond the comprehensive evaluations, we offer an efficient and unified database configuration tuning benchmark via surrogates that reduces the evaluation cost to a minimum, allowing for extensive runs and analysis of new techniques.

Hyper-tune

The ever-growing demand and complexity of machine learning are putting pressure on hyper-parameter tuning systems: while the evaluation cost of models continues to increase, the scalability of state-of-the-arts starts to become a crucial bottleneck. In this paper, inspired by our experience when deploying hyper-parameter tuning in a real-world application in production and the limitations of existing systems, we propose Hyper-Tune, an efficient and robust distributed hyper-parameter tuning framework. Compared with existing systems, Hyper-Tune highlights multiple system optimizations, including (1) automatic resource allocation, (2) asynchronous scheduling, and (3) multi-fidelity optimizer. We conduct extensive evaluations on benchmark datasets and a large-scale real-world dataset in production. Empirically, with the aid of these optimizations, Hyper-Tune outperforms competitive hyper-parameter tuning systems on a wide range of scenarios, including XGBoost, CNN, RNN, and some architectural hyper-parameters for neural networks. Compared with the state-of-the-art BOHB and A-BOHB, Hyper-Tune achieves up to 11.2X and 5.1X speedups, respectively.

Understanding expressive intonation

Research on intonation has mainly sought for classifying and/or expressive explanations for performers’ strategies. In the field of music psychology and music perception, such explanations have been explored in terms of interval direction, size, or type; in the field of performance analysis, to which this article belongs, investigation on intonation has been not only scarce but also limited to short excerpts. In this context, this article explores Pau Casals’ intonational practice specific to his recording of Bach’s E flat major prelude for solo cello. To do so, on the basis of exact empirical measurements, it places such practice alongside the cellist’s conscious, theoretical recommendations apropos what he called “expressive” string intonation, showing that the interpretation of the latter should is not straightforward. It also proposes several reference points and tuning systems which could serve as models for Casals’ practice and looks for explanations beyond simple interval classification. In this manner, it ultimately proposes a structural function for intonation, in partnership with tempo and dynamics. Similarly, it understands Casals’ intonational practice not as a choice between but as a compromise for multiple options in tuning systems (mostly equal temperament and Pythagorean tuning), reference points (the fundamental note of the chord and the immediately preceding tone), the nature of the compositional materials (harmonic and melodic), and, most importantly, structure and expression.

A method for along-wind vibration control of chimneys by tuning liners

Reinforced concrete chimneys with steel liners are widely used in waste gas discharge of industrial facilities, and guaranteeing their safety performance in harsh environments is important for industries and society. This paper proposes a novel method for the reduction of along-wind vibration in chimneys with liners by tuning the movement of the suspended liners to the response of the outer cylinder, and the conventional rigid supporting platform is replaced by a combination of radial horizontal tuning systems and vertical suspension systems. This ‘tuned liners’ method is applied to a simplified beam-like model that is able to capture the liners/chimney interaction and is validated against a more detailed finite-element shell model. A design method is proposed to obtain parameters of the tuning system that lead to significant reductions of along-wind vibrations whilst satisfying the relative response requirement. A comprehensive study of the structural vibration under stochastic wind actions is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The characteristics of the relative vibration of the outer cylinder and the liners are studied. Comparison with conventional TMD solution is conducted to further explore the advantage of the tuned-liners system under stochastic wind actions. The results indicate that the top displacement and acceleration of the outer cylinder are effectively reduced by 62% and 70% with the tuned liners, respectively. A similar performance using a conventional TMD would require an auxiliary vibrating mass that is approximately 300 tons, which is avoided with the proposed tuned liners. Results show that the proposed technique could be effective in the along-wind control of chimneys in multiple directions, even with some unintentional eccentricities.

Passive FSS based polarization converter integrated microstrip antenna

A reflection mode linear to circular polarization converter (PC) with high angular stability up to 60° is proposed in which no metallic backing is required, like the conventional PCs. Two distinct frequency selective surfaces (FSS1 and FSS2) are designed to block TE and TM waves, respectively, across the same frequency band (6.8–13.6 GHz). While the top layer (FSS1) and bottom layer (FSS2) are kept at an air gap of λ/8 between them, a phase quadrature in orthogonal components of the reflected wave is realized. An axial ratio ≤ 3 dB is obtained by designing the FSS layers such that the magnitude of reflection coefficient (S11) under TM polarization for FSS2 is equal to that of FSS1 under TE polarization. As a proof of concept, this PC is integrated with a linearly polarized (LP) microstrip antenna (MSA) and tested. It converts the LP waves into circularly polarized (CP) waves at three different frequency bands and also enhances antenna gain by 4.5 dB. Further, by varying only the altitudinal position of the top FSS layer manually, reconfigurability in CP bands can be accomplished without using any active elements and electronic tuning systems. A prototype is fabricated and validated by proper measurements.

Cube Fest 2022

Cube Fest 2022

Structural Solutions that Increase the Dynamic Accuracy of a Wave Solid-State Gyroscope

The development of wave solid-state gyroscopes (VTG) is one of the promising areas of development of gyroscopic angular velocity sensors. VTG from the standpoint of manufacturing technology, tuning and control systems, as well as accuracy characteristics, has a number of advantages compared to other types of gyroscopes. When developing VTG, they strive to reduce the gyroscope's own care, zero signal bias, and the non-linearity of the scale factor in the operating temperature range However, when creating the device, due attention is often not paid to the existing opportunities to improve the dynamic accuracy of the gyroscope by developing promising structural solutions for building control circuits and information processing. The solution to this problem was the goal of the work.Using the methods of the theory of automatic control, the dynamics of a wave solid-state gyroscope with a metal resonator and piezoelectric elements in the closed-loop mode of Сoriolis acceleration compensation are studied. Piezoelectric elements perform the functions of displacement and force sensors.Two promising structural solutions for constructing VTG control and information processing circuits are proposed and considered. Relations are established for selecting the parameters of the links of these contours, which provide an increase in the dynamic accuracy of the gyroscope. In the first case, the proposed structure for constructing the VTG allows us to significantly reduce the dynamic errors caused by the difference in the scale coefficient of the VTG at different frequencies of the measured angular velocity in the bandwidth. Such a structure for constructing a VTG can be recommended when solving a measurement problem in which it is necessary to accurately measure the angular velocity, and the phase lag of the output signal in relation to the measured angular velocity is of secondary importance. In the second case, the proposed structure of the VTG construction corresponds to the transfer function of the relative measurement error with secondorder astatism, and the absolute measurement error in the frequency band of 10 Hz does not exceed 0.1 %.

Investigation of bone fracture diagnosis system using transverse vibration response.

In this study, a new diagnostic system is developed to easily identify bone fractures in non-medical environments. It is difficult to determine the extent of cracks, fractures, and the healing process inside humans owing to the differences among people and limitations of state-of-the-art medical devices. Thus, various medical techniques, such as X-ray, computed tomography, or fork tuning systems have been developed, and more advanced technologies are emerging in the medical engineering field. In hazardous circumstances, medical devices to detect bone fracture are not available or cannot be easily applied. Thus, there is a need for the rapid detection of bone fractures without medical devices. To this end, this study analyzes the transverse vibration responses of bones because bone fractures cause different mechanical vibration reactions. By comparing the transverse vibration responses of both healthy and fractured bones, the modal assurance criterion can be calculated and applied to detect the existence of bone fractures. The transverse vibration responses at low and high frequencies are different and exhibit different modal assurance criteria depending on whether or not they are abnormal. Then, the virtual spectrogram of the differences between the signals from non-fractured and fractured bones is calculated. With the help of the present criterion with transverse vibration data, this difference can be analyzed quantitatively and effectively. To validate the proposed system, experiments with artificial specimens, animal legs, and a cadaver are performed.

Tun-OCM: A model-driven approach to support database tuning decision making

Database tuning is a task executed by Database Administrators (DBAs) based on their practical experience and on tuning systems, which support DBA actions towards improving the performance of a database system. It is notoriously a complex task that requires precise domain knowledge about possible database configurations. Ideally, a DBA should keep track of several Database Management Systems (DBMS) parameters, configure data structures, and must be aware about possible interferences among several database (DB) configurations. We claim that an automatic tuning system is a decision support system and DB tuning may also be seen as a configuration management task. Therefore, we may characterize it by means of a formal domain conceptualization, benefiting from existing control practices and computational support in the configuration management domain. This work presents Tun-OCM, a conceptual model represented as a well-founded ontology, that encompasses a novel characterization of the database tuning domain as a configuration management conceptualization to support decision making. We develop and represent Tun-OCM using the CM-OPL methodology and its underlying language. The benefits of Tun-OCM are discussed by instantiating it in a real scenario.

Euler’s Theories of Musical Tuning With an English Translation of Du Véritable Caractère de la Musique Moderne

Du Véritable Caractère de la Musique Moderne (E315), a work almost unknown to musical scholars, is an extremely interesting document in the history of tuning systems. A tuning system is simply an arrangement of sound frequencies for use in music. A just tuning is an arrangement in which the ratios of these frequencies are all ratios of whole numbers- preferably small ones. Classically, these ratios involve only factors of 2, 3, and 5. In particular, a very fundamental chord in music of many genres, the so-called major triad, Has frequency ratios 4:5:6. Euler proposes introducing the prime 7, with a fundamental chord made up of ratios 4:5:6:7. Not only that, but he asserts that modern composers are already using such ratios, albeit in a disguised or subliminal form. These ideas have had little lasting influence- indeed, Euler himself seems to have abandoned them later, as is pointed out in the notes to this translation. Nevertheless they are striking as an example of a certain type of logic pushed to the extreme.

Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Musical Acoustical Analysis of a New Collection of Field Recordings

This paper is a companion paper to Mzhavanadze & Scherbaum (2020). Jointly, the two papers describe the results of an interdisciplinary study of three-voiced Svan funeral dirges, known as zär in Svan and zari in Georgian. In the present paper, to which we refer as paper 1, we analyze the musical acoustical properties of a new set of field recordings collected during an ethnomusicological field expedition to Georgia in 2016. The aim of the study is to investigate the tonal organization of eleven different performances of six different variants of zär, performed by singers from different villages. For some of the performances, we observe a strong gradual pitch rise of up to 100 cents per minute. The intra-variant differences in the performances of different groups of singers were observed to be remarkably different, including the use of significantly different harmonic tuning systems. In contrast, two subsequent performances of the Mest’ia variant of zär by a group of singers recorded in Zargǟsh were essentially identical. This demonstrates the widespread absence of improvisational elements in these two performances. One of the most interesting results of our analysis is the observation that the musical structure of zär, expressed, for example, in its ambitus, the complexity of its melodic progression, and its harmonic chord inventory, change systematically along the course of the Enguri valley.

Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson by Terumi Narushima

Review Article| April 01 2020 Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson by Terumi Narushima Narushima, TerumiMicrotonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv WilsonRoutledge, 2018: xvi + 218 pp. ($155.00 cloth, $54.95 Kindle) Michael Bruschi Michael Bruschi Michael Bruschi is a PhD candidate in music theory at Yale University. His dissertation is titled “Hearing the Tonality in Microtonality.” Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Music Theory (2020) 64 (1): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1215/00222909-8033445 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Michael Bruschi; Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson by Terumi Narushima. Journal of Music Theory 1 April 2020; 64 (1): 105–121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00222909-8033445 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Music Theory Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2020 by Yale University2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Wkład ks. profesora Jana Chwałka w organologię i sztukę budowy organów

Ks. Jan Chwałek urodził się 7 stycznia 1930 r. w Woli Baranowskiej, zmarł 30 listopada 2018 r. w Babulach i został pochowany na cmentarzu parafialnym w rodzinnej miejscowości.W latach 1961–2005 był wykładowcą w Instytucie Muzykologii Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II, kierownikiem jedynej w Polsce Katedry Instrumentologii. Na początku swej naukowej drogi zajmował się chorałem gregoriańskim, a po uzyskaniu samodzielności – problematyką organologiczną.Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje książka Budowa organów, jedyne takie dzieło w literaturze polskiej. Zawiera ona opis mechanizmów i głosów organowych, a poszczególne zagadnienia ilustrowane są rysunkami technicznymi. Ks. Chwałek wypracował metodę badań struktury brzmieniowej organów przy pomocy skali poziomej i pionowej, szczegółowo opisał trzy systemy strojenia instrumentów klawiszowych.Był także organmistrzem, zbudował dziewięć instrumentów. W niektórych z nich zastosował nietypowe rozwiązania konstrukcyjne. Zaprojektował kilkadziesiąt nowych organów. Uczestniczył w pracach konserwatorskich zabytkowych instrumentów w Kazimierzu Dolnym, Olkuszu i Jędrzejowie. Wykonał kilkadziesiąt konserwacji organów, głównie w diecezji sandomierskiej.

Impingement heat transfer to the synthetic jet issuing from a nozzle with an oscillating cross section

This experimental study is focused on a rectangular synthetic (zero-net-mass-flux) jet impinging on a wall. The working fluid is air. A novel variant of a synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is proposed. Following biomimetic principles, the actuator incorporates a nozzle in which the cross-sectional area periodically oscillates during the driven cycle. Two independent actuating systems are used to drive the main SJA diaphragm (as seen in common SJAs with rigid nozzles) and the oscillating nozzle walls (unique to this study). Namely, the diaphragm is driven electrodynamically, and the nozzle walls are driven using a pair of piezoelectric transducers. The operating frequency of 62 Hz is selected by tuning both systems at their resonances. The nozzle slot width oscillates around an average value of approximately 6 mm. Four experimental methods were used: phase-locked visualization of the oscillating nozzle lips, direct measurement of the jet momentum flux using a precision scale, hot-wire anemometry, and an evaluation of the heat transfer coefficients on the exposed wall using heat flux sensors. The local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on the wall (Nusselt number in a dimensionless form) indicated the three-dimensional character of the flow field with an axis-switching effect. It was concluded that the momentum flux and the heat transfer rate could be enhanced by the phase delay between the diaphragm and nozzle cycles. The reason is the fact that the nozzle cross-sectional area during the extrusion stroke is smaller than the area during the suction, thus the SJ velocity and momentum flux are promoted during extrusion while the losses are reduced during suction. The maximal effect was found at the phase shift of 270° for the ratio of the cross-section areas during the extrusion and suction of 0.74.

Thermo-Electric Design of the Protection and Diagnostic Feeders of the HL-LHC Triplets

The HL-LHC Project currently undertaken by CERN that provides an upgrade to the existing LHC accelerator, is designed to increase the luminosity of the colliding particle bunches by a factor of at least five. Part of this upgrade will require the replacement of the existing groups of three superconducting LHC triplet magnets situated on each side of the ATLAS and CMS detectors with similar groups of four higher field HL-LHC triplet magnets of a new design that exploit coils manufactured with cables in Nb3Sn superconducting alloy. The HL-LHC triplet magnets require dedicated electric current feeders linking their cold masses to their cryostat vacuum vessels, thermo-electrically optimised and specifically designed to separately feed their quench protection, beam tuning and instrumentation systems with electric current. The HL-LHC instrumentation feedthrough system is similar, though containing a larger cable inventory, to that mounted on existing cryo-magnets in the LHC accelerator whereas the quench protection and beam tuning systems, both present new requirements calling for a substantially different design approach. Installed in a highly activated zone of the LHC, all three systems consequently exploit only natural heat convection to prevent the formation of condensation at their warm ends. This paper describes the functional design and thermo-electrical optimisation achieved for each of these electric current feeder systems.

Level Control of Nonlinear Hopper Tank Process in Pharmaceutical Industry using Ziegler Nicholas and Cohen Coon Tuning Techniques

In this paper, the design and simulated results of conventional controllers on non linear hopper tank system are presented to attain a desired level of a process tank. The hopper tank non linear systems are used for this analysis which is also used in the field of Pharmaceutical, Petro chemical industries. Evacuation of products without wastage is possible due to non-linearity of hopper tank’s cross sectional behavior of the process. The open loop performance are determined to obtain the desired level control with conventional PI, PID controllers for various tuning techniques like step response based Ziegler Nicholas and open loop Cohen coon tuning method. The major advantage of this method is simplicity. The relationship between these two tuning systems is reproduced by Matlab Simulink model & Compared the presentation of controllers with hopper process tank.

Art and Meaning. Messiaen Influences on Romanian Composition Universes

Abstract In this paper, we will tackle several dominant Messiaen influences, as concerns ideas and/or technical approaches, on important Romanian composition systems, with reference to concepts such as musical character, number, Time/time, repetition. We will refer to characters as structures, characters as tuning systems and characters as musical/cultural paradigms as they occur in Aurel Stroe’s creation, and then we will turn our attention to Ștefan Niculescu’s melody-musical character with memory. Surprising but/and natural, objective but/and inspired, Niculescu opens up different perspectives on the personality of musical character as well. Numbers (what is fascinating is that they are mainly just figures) prove to be an example of simplicity as they comprise in a condensed manner technical information, emotions and musical inspiration. We will prove/illustrate this relying on three technical/semantic perspectives: poetry of numbers-duration in Liviu Glodeanu’s creation, numbers defining dodecaphonic series cells in Roman Vlad’s work, or numbers-foundation for the whole modal edifice in Vieru’s perspective. As for time/Time, which is the main character of Messiaen’s (and actually everyone’s, even humanity’s) musical, poetic, philosophical and theological thinking, we will only dwell on two hypostases, namely Stroe’s and Niculescu’s perspectives. Stroe conceives time as an element integrated in the sphere of memory and identity, as the recurrence in the present time of slices of memories involves the superposing of slices of time. For Niculescu, time is foundation, a condensation of the fact that syntax relies on two temporal categories, succesivity and simultaneity. We will dwell on the repetition “character” in the context of Aurel Stroe’s mobiles, or in parts of monodies of periodicities, screens and loops in Anatol Vieru’s creation. The conclusions will naturally follow the line of art and meaning.

Harmonic distance in intervals and chords

The harmonic distance between two pure tones, in the sense used by Tenney, is generalised to chords whose pitches are harmonic fractions. In the tonal graph generated by the harmonics involved in a chord, which for n-TET systems has its equivalent in the Tonnetz, the melodic distance between the lowest common ancestor and the lowest common harmonic of the pitches composing the chord is a measure of the relative dissonance. This notion, rooted in just intonation, is extended to Pythagorean tuning and is used as an approximation for equal temperament scales. Harmonic distance and sensory dissonance are compared and discussed for chords in different tuning systems. It is borne out that proximity of chords in the Tonnetz is not exactly related to the harmonic distance.

Towards nonlinear tuning system of stiffness compensator

In this paper, one of the tuning systems for the stiffness compensator based on permanent magnets with changing of the axial distance between magnets has been described. The dependency of the traction force of the anchor rotation angle relatively the basis in the stiffness compensator has been described. Research & Development was performed under the scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation, order № 231 as of April 3, 2018.