Proportional Integral Controller Tuning Research Articles

Modeling and Optimal Control Applying the Flower Pollination Algorithm to Doubly Fed Induction Generators on a Wind Farm in a Hot Arid Climate

Abstract In the present paper, the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is employed for tuning the controller parameters of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in a wind energy system. These parameters are then compared with those generated by the genetic algorithm (GA) and the proportional-integral (PI) (initial design) controllers. Performance analysis of the DFIG is carried out in dynamic mode in two case studies. The first case study is carried out with no failure, the second one is subject to a short circuit in the electrical network. In this latter case study, a break occurs in the rotor circuit and disconnects the DFIG from the power grid. This gives rise to an excessive current in the rotor circuit which in turn influences the converters AC/DC/AC and makes the IGBT very sensitive. The GA and the FPA are used to tune the PI controllers with the purpose of improving the quality of a power supply should electrical disturbances occur. The results show that by applying an optimal PI controller design to a DFIG using the FPA the performance of the DFIG system can be improved in the event of disturbances. When the PI controller tuning using the GA and the initial control system design is compared with the DFIG using the optimized design, a significant decrease in the overshoot of the rotor current and the DC-link voltage is observed.

STATCOM Parameters Optimization Using Multi-Objective LAPO for Enhancing the Stability of Combined Wind Farm

This paper deals with the simultaneous tuning of proportional integral controller of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) associated with lead-lag controller (LL) in order to improve the stability performance of combined wind farm (CWF). This type of farms has been developed to summarize the main benefits of Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) and doubly fed induction generators (DFIG). The performance of CWF with the tuned STATCOM is studied during line-to-line and three-phase faults. Multi-objective Lightning Attachment Procedure Optimization Algorithm (LAPO) is used as an intelligent optimization technique to determine the control parameters which can achieve the specified objective functions; minimizing the error signal and maximizing the output signal. The multi-objective LAPO is used to obtain the optimized values of AC voltage regulator, DC voltage regulator, current regulator, gains and time constant of LL. The ability of STATCOM tuned by multi-objective LAPO is examined by studying the performance of three wind farms. The first one is CWF and two other wind farms; one of them is based only on SCIG (SCIG-WF) and the other based only on DFIG (DFIG-WF) when they associated with the tuned STATCOM LAPO during grid fault. The results show that CWF associated with the tuned STATCOM LAPO has the best performance during grid faults compared with the other wind farms.

Optimal tuning of proportional integral controller for fixed-speed wind turbine using grey wolf optimizer

The need for tuning the PI controller is to improve its performance metrics such as rise time, settling time and overshoot. This paper proposed the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) tuning method of a Proportional Integral (PI) controller for fixed speed Wind Turbine. The objective is to overcome the limitations in using the PSO and GA tuning methods for tuning the PI controller, such as quick convergence occurring too soon into a local optimum, and the controller step input response. The GWO, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuning methods were implemented in the Matlab 2016b to search the optimal gains of the Proportional and Integral controller through minimization of the objective function. A comparison was made between the results obtained from the GWO tuning method against PSO and GA tuning techniques. The GWO computed the smallest value of the objective function minimized. It exhibited faster convergence and better time response specification compared to other methods. These and more performance indicators show the superiority of the GWO tuning method.

Variable speed control for 2Ph-HSM in RGS: a comparative simulation study

There are many applications of two-phase hybrid stepping motor (2Ph-HSM) system. The robotic grinding system (RGS) one of these applications. In this work, under the title variable speed control. The aim is Simulink the 2Ph-HSM in RGS with a proportional-integral controller (PIC) and optimization unit such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) which tuning PIC as (GA_PIC) to improve the RGS action by improving the parameters of PIC. Also comparing the act of PIC and GA_PIC to see which state is the best. The simulation results of this work show the GA_PIC is the best that comparative with PIC.

PI-PBC Cascade Control Tuning For Active Power Filter Application

Because of the non-linear load increase in the electrical grid, the use of active power filter has gone increasing, this last is to improve the power quality. In the study of control applied to the active power filter, cascade control is the most used; this control scheme consists of two control loops: one external dc voltage control loop and one internal current control loop. For this work, in the external loop, a proportional-integral (PI) control is used, whereas in the inner loop a passivity-based controller (PBC) is used. The main objective of this work is to present a proposal for tuning of PI and PBC controllers. This tuning methodology allows computing the gain k of the traditional PBC based on switching frequency, taking into a count the error dynamics. From step response analysis, the PI parameters are obtained. This tuning proposal is simple and has shown to be consistent for different switching frequency values. Through the measurement of the active power filter performance, the tuning proposal has been corroborated. Simulation and experimental results are presented.

A novel SOSMC based SVPWM control of Z-source inverter for AC microgrid applications

In this paper, analysis and control of Single stage Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Proportional Integral (PI) based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) and Second Order Sliding Mode Control (SOSMC) based SVPWM for harmonic reduction and load voltage regulation are presented. To increase the reliability and to enhance the output voltage of ZSI, the Shoot-Through (ST) state is implemented. To decrease the number of sensors and to simplify the controller design, sixth order model of ZSI is transformed into second order model using Pade's approximation method. To analyse the steady state and transient response of the proposed system, the closed loop implementation is carried out using proposed control techniques. PSO tuned PI controller is utilized for outer voltage control to obtain the Shoot Through Duty Ratio (STDR). Inner current loop utilizes PSO tuned PI controller based SVPWM/SOSMC based SVPWM techniques. MATLAB/SIMULINK software tool is used to simulate the proposed system. From the simulation results, it is inferred that the SOSMC based SVPWM technique offers fast transient response, low % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and regulated output voltage when compared to PSO tuned PI based SVPWM control scheme. Hence, an experimental prototype model of 2 kW controlled by the SOSMC based SVPWM using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is constructed to validate the simulation results with the experimental results.

Analysis of moth flame optimization optimized cascade proportional‐integral‐proportional‐derivative controller with filter for automatic generation control system incorporating solar thermal power plant

SummaryIn the fast developing electric power system network, ancillary services like automatic generation control (AGC) plays a vital and significant role to ensure good quality of power supply in the system. To distribute good quality of power, a hybrid AGC system along with an efficient and intelligent controller is compelled. So, in this article, a cascaded proportional‐integral (PI)‐proportional‐derivative (PD) controller with filter (PI‐PDF) is proposed as secondary controller for AGC system. A nature inspired optimization algorithm named as moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm is employed for simultaneous optimization of controller gains. Initially, a two‐area interconnected nonreheat thermal power system is investigated. Analysis revealed that MFO‐tuned PI controller performs better than the different optimization techniques tuned PI controller for the same system and PI‐PDF controller performs better than PI controller does. Then, the study is extended to a three‐area interconnected hybrid system with proper generation rate constraint. Area‐1 consists of solar thermal‐thermal unit; area‐2 consists of thermal‐hydro unit and area‐3 thermal‐gas unit as generating sources. Performance of PI‐PDF controller is compared with classical controllers such as PI, PID, PIDF, and PI‐PD controller without filter. Result analysis divulges that MFO‐tuned PI‐PDF controller performs better than all other controllers considered in this article. Robustness of the PI‐PDF controller is evaluated using parameter variations and random load variation.

Enhancement transient stability of wind power system of doubly-fed induction generator using STATCOM and PI controller

Wind energy is a promising source of electricity in the world and fastest-growing. Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) systems dominate and widely used in wind power system because of their advantages over other types of generators, such as working at different speeds and not needing continuous maintenance. In this paper used the PI controller and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device specifically static compensator (STATCOM) to investigate the effect of the controller and FACTS device on the system. PI controller tuning by Particle Swarm Optimization technique (PSO) to limit or reduced the fault current in (DFIG) system. The responses of different kinds of faults have been presented like; two lines to ground faults and three lines to ground faults at different operating conditions. Faults are applied to three proposed controllers; the first controller is the Proportional-Integral (PI), the second controller is PI-controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PI-PSO) technique and STATCOM. A reactive power static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is used, the main aim for the use of STATCOM is to improve the stability of a wind turbine system in addition to this is improving voltages profile, reduce power losses, treatment of power flow in overloaded transmission lines. The simulation programming is implemented using MATLAB program.

Port Controlled Hamilton With Dissipation-Based Speed Control of IPMSM Drive

This paper presents a port controlled Hamilton with dissipation (PCHD) based control technique for high precision speed regulation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. The PCHD controller is designed by assigning proper interconnection and damping matrix for multivariate, nonlinear, and time-varying IPMSM system to prove its passivity and ensure its global stability. A torque observer is also designed based on pole placement method to monitor the external load. The stability analysis of the proposed PCHD and uniformity between the proposed controller and proportional-integral (PI) controller are analyzed subsequently. The performance of the proposed controller is investigated in both simulation and experimental environment using MATLAB-Simulink and dSPACE digital signal processor board DS1104, respectively, at different operating conditions for a laboratory 5 hp motor. It is found that the proposed PCHD controller shows better performance than that of the conventional benchmark tuned PI controller in terms of speed tracking capability with load variations.

Identification and Tuning Methods for PI Control Systems Based on Symmetric Send-on-delta Sampling

Two procedures for the definition of an autotuning algorithm for event-based proportional-integral (PI) control systems are proposed in this contribution. Firstly, a method for the identification of the most common transfer functions used for tuning PI controllers is explained. The rationale of the identification method is based on the limit cycles that the event-based sampler and a convenient tuning of the PI controller can produce in the closed loop. The identification method is designed for controller tuning, that is, fitting the behaviour of the process in the range of frequencies between ω-180° and ω-135°. Secondly, a new method for tuning the event-based PI controller is explained. The main control objective of the new tuning rule is to generate a set of parameters that introduces the process in a limit cycle at a user-specified inter-event time. However, by introducing an oscillation margin in the tuning rule, the method generalizes to produce controller parameters that avoid limit cycles with a certain robustness margin. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the tuning rule to force the system to oscillate at a specified frequency as a consequence of the events triggered by the event-based sampler.

Design and Simulation of Closed Loop Proportional Integral (PI) Controlled Boost Converter and 3-phase Inverter for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications

يتطرق البحث الى تصميم منظومة قدرة شمسية ومحاكاتها مكونة من لوح شمسي نوع KC200GT ، محول Boost ذي دائرة مغلقة وعاكس ثلاثي الطور باستخدام برنامج Matlab/Simulink . تم التطرق الى المعادلات الرياضية الخاصة بتصميم اللوح الشمسي. تم اختبار الخصائص الكهربائية للوح عند القيم 1000 للاشعاع الضوئي و 25 درجة مئوية لدرجة حرارة المحيط . يربط المسيطر PI مع المحول بوصفه دائرة تغذية عكسية للحصول على فولتية خرج مستقرة عن طريق تقليل التذبذبات في الفولتية لشحن بطارية تربط على خرج المحول . تم استخدام طريقتين (Particle Swarm Optimization و ( Zeigler-Nichols لضبط مسيطر PI لغرض تحسين الاداء الكلي للمنظومة. تم استخدام تقنية SPWM للحصول على موجة نقية ثلاثية الطورباقل تشويه ، وتم الحصول على قيم فولتية وتيار خرج المنظومة هي و ، و قيمة ال THD هي 4.20% .

MVO Algorithm Based LFC Design of a Six-Area Hybrid Diverse Power System Integrating IPFC and RFB

Flexible alternating current transmission system devices and energy storage devices have great potential to support frequency regulation in power system. Hence, the impact of interline power flow controller unit and redox flow battery unit in the load frequency control (LFC) of six-area power system having different power plant units has been investigated in this paper. The multi-verse optimizer (MVO) is proposed to tune the parameters of the proportional–integral and derivative (PID) controller. Further, the efficacy of the multi-verse optimizer tuned proportional–integral (PI) controller is also equated with the recently developed sine-cosine algorithm tuned PI controller in the investigated power system. The encouraging role of interline power flow controller (IPFC) unit and redox flow battery (RFB) unit has been confirmed for system frequency and tie-line power regulation. The investigation validated that multi-verse optimizer based proportional–integral–derivative controller with an interline power flow controller unit and redox flow battery unit give better dynamic response during sudden load disturbances.

Double-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Solar PV System With Fast Zero Attracting Normalized Least Mean Fourth Based Adaptive Control

This paper deals with a control technique of a three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system, which is based on the fast zero attracting normalized least mean fourth algorithm. This control algorithm achieves the objectives of mitigation of power quality issues such as harmonics reduction and power factor correction, together with extraction of peak power generated by the PV array. The system uses a PV array, a voltage-source converter (VSC), and linear and nonlinear loads. Here, VSC is connected to a PV array to transfer the active power to the three-phase load and the grid. The dependence on tuning of proportional-integral controller is reduced because of the feedforward term of the PV power. Due to this, the system dynamic response is improved, which makes the system quite robust. The system goals are to mitigate power quality problems and to provide current conditioning while operating in coherence with a weak distribution grid, which has poor quality of power in terms of voltage distortions with imbalances. MATLAB/Simulink is used to develop the model of the proposed system. The validation of proposed control is done at varying linear and nonlinear loads and under different environmental conditions on a prototype developed in the laboratory.

Optimized controllers for enhancing dynamic performance of PV interface system

The dynamic performance of PV interface system can be improved by optimizing the gains of the Proportional–Integral (PI) controller. In this work, gravitational search algorithm and harmony search algorithm are utilized to optimal tuning of PI controller gains. Performance comparison between the PV system with optimized PI gains utilizing different techniques are carried out. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the system is studied under hypothetical sudden variations in irradiance. The examination of the proposed techniques for optimal tuning of PI gains is conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. The main contribution of this work is investigating the dynamic performance of PV interfacing system with application of gravitational search algorithm and harmony search algorithm for optimal PI parameters tuning.

Simple Proportional Integral Controller Tuning Rules for FOPTD and HOPTD Models Based on Matching Two Asymptotes

Many methods are available to tune proportional integral (PI) controllers for first order plus time delay (FOPTD) models of overdamped processes. The two asymptotes for small and large ratios of time delays over time constants are easily calculated. These two asymptotes can be used to evaluate and provide guidelines for the performance and application ranges of PI controller tuning rules. By matching these two asymptotes, a simple analytic tuning rule is suggested. For some overdamped processes whose transfer functions have large zero terms, half-order plus time delay (HOPTD) models are found to yield better results than the FOPTD models. Applying the technique of matching two asymptotes, a simple analytic PI controller tuning rule has also been proposed for the HOPTD models. To apply these tuning rules to high order processes with known transfer functions, model reduction methods to obtain the FOPTD and HOPTD models are investigated. Simulation results for empirical and full models of processes show the ...

Comparative Study Among Different Control Techniques For Stabilized Platform

The controlling of the Line of Sight (LOS) for inertiallystabilization platform system, which is subjected to uncertainty, isconsidered as a challenging problem where the mission capabilitiesof stabilized platform depend on its performance improvement. Thework presented in this paper is based on performance comparativestudy among five different types of controllers designed to attain animproved accuracy and a reduced stabilized error for controlling theline of sight stabilization system. The designed controllers for thecase study are Proportional-Integral (PI) controller tuned classically,genetically tuned PI controller, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)controller, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, and H∞controller. The controllers’ ability of disturbance rejection as well astheir ability to attenuate the outer noise are compered. Thesimulations results show the remarkably improved pointing accuracyfor the case study under the presence of both outer disturbances,induced by vehicle running, and measuring noise which is derivedfrom feedback sensors.

Analysis and design of single phase power factor correction with DC–DC SEPIC Converter for fast dynamic response using genetic algorithm optimised PI controller

This study presents the analysis and design of a single phase power factor correction (PFC) scheme using a DC–DC single ended primary inductance converter with genetic algorithm (GA)-tuned proportional integral (PI) controllers. A systematic off-line design approach using GA for optimising the parameters of the PI controller is proposed and the performance is compared with the conventional Z–N tuned PI controller. The steady-state and transient responses of the converter subjected to a change in the load, set point and line variations are investigated. The performance analysis of the proposed converter in continuous conduction mode is made for the above-mentioned methods using Matlab/Simulink-based simulation studies and experimental set up. Results reveal that the GA-tuned PI controller yields superior performance to the Z–N tuned PI controller in terms of power factor, percentage total harmonic distortion, regulated output voltage for the variations in line, load and efficient tracking of output voltage for a change in the reference voltage.

An Optimal Method for Sensorless Control of DFIG based WECS using PSO

Objectives: A sensorless method is employed to control real and reactive power for DFIG in an optimal way under various load conditions. The main objective of this paper is to maintain constant voltage and constant frequency. Method/Analysis: In this paper, a sensorless control technique with the optimal Proportional-Integral (PI) controller parameters of a test system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is explained. The techniques for the development of sensorless drives are: reduction of hardware complexity and cost, decreased maintenance requirements, elimination of sensor cables. Optimal tuning of PI controller parameters gives high quality solution. Findings: The system performance with PI controller parameters and PSO tuned PI controller parameters are compared. MATLAB software is used to develop the simulation and the results are presented. Applications: Low Voltage Ride Through, Lvrt, OFFSHORE wind farms.

Half order plus time delay (HOPTD) models to tune PI controllers

Methods based on the first‐order plus time delay (FOPTD) model are very popular for tuning proportional‐integral (PI) controllers. The FOPTD model‐based methods are simple and their utility has been proved with many successful applications to a wide range of processes in practice. However, even for some overdamped processes where the FOPTD model seems to be applied successfully, these empirical FOPTD model‐based methods can fail to provide stable tuning results. To remove these drawbacks, a PI controller tuning method based on half‐order plus time delay (HOPTD) model is proposed. Because FOPTD model‐based methods can be applied to higher order processes, the proposed HOPTD model‐based method can be applied to higher order processes as well. It does not require any additional process information compared to the FOPTD model‐based method and hence can be used for overdamped processes in practice, complementing the traditional FOPTD model‐based methods. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 601–609, 2017

Fuzzy logic controller for partial shaded photovoltaic array fed modular multilevel converter

This study presents the control and modelling of modular multilevel converter (MMC) with grid-connected photovoltaic system. Synchronisation is an important issue in grid-connected system. Even though conventional proportional–integral (PI) controller used for synchronisation provides adequate performance, it yields poor transient response of the system because of poor tuning of controller gain values. In this study, the fuzzy tuned PI controller is designed and implemented to overcome this problem. The fuzzy logic controller refrains the controller gains based on the operating point of the system. The improved performance parameters such as faster transient response, tracking of the reference current with low overshoot and short settling time with system parameter changes under partial shading of the proposed controller are validated. The results are compared with conventional PI controlled grid-connected MMC with various PI gains. The developed controller algorithm is implemented through TMS320F28335 digital signal processor.