Tunda Island Research Articles

The Optimum Simulation Analysis of Sustainable Microgrid Electricity System Based on Hybrid Power Plant on Tunda Island, Banten Province

Tunda Island is one of the islands in a group of 17 islands in the north of Java, Banten Province. Electrical energy in Tunda Island is supplied by 2 Private Diesel Genset, each of which has an installed capacity of 100 kVA and 75 kVA, with an operating time of 4-5 hours per day starting from 18.00 to 22.00. The microgrid electrical system has several advantages, in terms of efficiency, microgrid can reduce the use of fossil fuels in power plants, besides that it can reduce losses caused by the distribution system because the location of the microgrid generator is relatively close to the load. In terms of reliability, the microgrid electrical system can optimally manage energy sources for 7 days and 24 hours. In addition, the microgrid electrical system has the ability to work without being connected to the grid. With the use of a microgrid electricity system, the electricity costs that must be paid are less and most importantly can reduce carbon emissions, because the plants used in the microgrid electricity system generally use renewable energy. In this study, scenarios were made to determine the most optimum LCoE value using an optimization approach with the help of homer pro software. The operating pattern for the Tunda Island electricity system is obtained, namely, the load is carried during the day by Solar PV Power Plant and at night using a generator that has been controlled using the force on & force off mode. From the simulation obtained the lowest LCoE in the Solar PV Power Plant Hybrid configuration with capacity of 240 KWp, 302.4 KWh battery & 200 KW inverter. The ability to pay for electricity for the residents of Tunda Island is still possible if subsidized tariffs are imposed, the range of ability to pay for the residents of Tunda Island is IDR/KWh 726.45-1452.91 and their ability will decrease if they are subject to non-subsidized PLN tariffs. With PLN as the PSO, the differrence in tariffs with the local Generation Production Cost will receive a subsidy from the government. Furthermore, the sustainability of this microgrid system will have the benefit of a continuous supply of electricity. So, it can be felt by the people of Tunda Island which is managed by State-Owned Enterprise (PT. PLN Persero).

TUNDA ISLAND AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION IN TIRTAYASA DISTRICT, SERANG REGENCY

The lack of research related to the potential for tourist attraction of Tunda Island from natural, artificial, cultural, and various other aspects based on existing conditions, is the urgency of this research. Tourist visits that are still fluctuating require special attention from the Serang Regency Government to optimize development. Therefore, this study's purpose is to identify the existing conditions and tourism potential of Tunda Island. Thus it can become a guideline for decision-making related to the tourism development in Tunda Island in the future. This research used qualitative research methods with a case study design. By purposive sampling, informants who are the community and tourism managers of Tunda Island were selected for in-depth interviews. The proportion of the results of this study was also more inclined to the field observations to achieve the research objectives. Secondary data came from literature studies related to previous research and also document studies from data to Tunda Island. The results showed that the potential of Tunda Island as a tourist attraction has the opportunity or the potential for natural or marine tourism. However, the potential cultural tourism attractions, both tangible and intangible, also need to be packaged and raised as a tourist attraction based on local potential. Also found in the potential for an artificial tourist attraction that can support tourism on Tunda Island. In the end, the results of this study expected to become input for the Serang Regency Government and other stakeholders to develop tourism activities that are relevant and able to integrate cultural, natural, and artificial tourism attractions. 
 

Pengembangan Ekowisata Pulau Tunda Berbasis Komunitas dalam Era Industri 4.0

The development agenda that designed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030 is a challenge for all global stakeholders. This article aims: 1) To identify ecotourism that is develop based on the social capital and local wisdom of community in Tunda Island, 2) To identify the development of community-based ecotourism in the industrial era 4.0 through digital technology, 3) To analyse of benefits of digital technology for ecotourism development. The method used through field study with descriptive qualitative research type. The results of the study show that are: 1) ecotourism that has been developed by the community focuses on social capital and local wisdom of the community, 2) Digital technology application on the implementation of ecotourism development conducted through the provision of websites and social media by community of Tunda island, and 3) Benefit of digital technology has an impact for socio-economic of community and acessability dealing with ecotourism management. Furthermore, enhaching human capacity needed for community to improve Tourism Group (Pokdarwis) as a social institution that has a role in developing ecotourism in Tunda Island.

Coral reefs substrate composition influence on nudibranch diversity

The substrate serves as a habitat and a source of food for Nudibranch. Therefore, it influences the existence of nudibranchs. This study examined the differences in the presence of nudibranchs at two locations with different substrate compositions on Lembeh Island and a flat island (Tunda Island). Data collection used a modified belt transect 50m long and 4m wide (200m2) with a depth of 5-7m along the coastline. A total of 86 individual specimens consisted of 12 families with 22 species were recorded. The largest group was the Phyllidiidae family (10 species). Chromodorididae and Polyceridae family represented by 3 species each, Facelinidae family represented by 2 species, and Dotidae, Flabellinidae, Discodorididae, and Myrrhinidae, each represented by one species. Nudibranch diversity was higher on Lembeh Island than Tunda Island. A total of 19 species were found on Lembeh Island while only 5 species were found on Tunda Island. The wealth of nudibranch is largely determined by the composition of the substrate. Based on hierarchical analysis 80.93% of determinants of nudibranch existence was a substrate category of DCA, sponges, and hard corals. Nudibranch’s diversity directly proportional to the percentage of DCA and sponge, and inversely proportional to the percentage of hard coral.

Suitability of ecotourism in Tunda Island Serang Regency Banten Province, Indonesia

The highest tourism frequency at Tunda Island is provided a positive effect on community livelihood, but the activities of tourism behaviour are not environmentally friendly which would affect nature and also can make habitat degradation in the coastal area. There was no specific research until now regarding the condition of suitable marine tourism in Tunda Islands as ecotourism areas. This research aims to analyze the suitability aquatic area to plan an ecotourism area in Tunda Island, Serang Regency. The research method used a purposive sampling method and it was conducted in July to September 2019. The results obtained showed that the highest suitability index on coastal tourism potentials (recreation) was 76.2% (very suitable), mangrove tracking was 12.8% (unsuitable), snorkeling tourism was 54.4% (suitable), and dolphin watching was 57.6% (suitable). Tunda Island has developed potential tourism that is promising, but it still needs some infrastructure procurement and facility improvement to support tourism activities. The ecotourism potential has a high sell point but its poor data is in dolphin watching. It would be temporal data with at least one-year sampling by carrying out the sampling for every month.

Seagrass spatial distribution based on density in the waters of Tunda Island, Banten

One of the coastal ecosystems on Tunda island is the seagrass ecosystem, which functions as a primary producer, breakwater, spawning ground, nursery ground, and feeding ground for fish. Mining of sea sand around this island can potentially result in environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was to determine the type, density and percentage of seagrass cover as well as the influence of environmental factors on seagrass species and their spatial distribution. The research was conducted in July 2019 at 14 stations around the island. The results showed that the species composition of seagrass from the stations on Tunda Island consisted of 6 species with a similarity index of more than 75% except at stations 6, 7, 10 and 13. Correspondence analysis shows that the spatial distribution of stations is different and is influenced by habitat characteristics. Thalassia hemprichii dominates the entire station, followed by Enhalus acoroides 6 stations, Halophila ovalis 4 stations, while Cymodocea rotundata is only found at 2 stations, and Cymodocea serrulata at 1 station. The distribution and species composition also shows that the seagrass beds in Tunda Island are in a healthy category.

Composition of reef fish as a success indicator of the bio-transplants method in Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten Province

The Bio-Transplants method is a coral grafting method by inoculating coral seedlings/fragments using natural materials. They are dead corals in the DC and DCA categories as a place of attachment. This study aims to see the success of the Bio-Transplants method in compiling indicators of fish species associated with the field of Bio-Transplants. They have conducted this research in 10 x 10 square meters on the north side of Tunda Island waters in July 2019 (T0), November 2019 (T1), and July 2020 (T2). The sampling method used a stationary visual census. In July 2019, as many as 11 species from 7 families, November 2019 was 31 species from 10 families, and July 2020 was 47 species from 10 families. Composition of fish species as an indicator of the health of coral ecosystems from the Chaetodontidae family fish species. In July, when Bio-Transplants started production, there were no fish groups from the Chaetodontidae family. The composition of the fish species found in November was Chelmon sp. and Henichus varius. After its age, the Bio Transplants area was one year (July 2020) consisting of 4 fish species from the family Chaetodontidae, namely: Heniochus chrysostomus, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Chelmon sp., and Heniochus varius.

MENINGKATKAN NILAI RASA DAN ESTETIKA BAHAN MASAKAN LOKAL SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK BAGI WISATAWAN PULAU TUNDA

Tunda Island is a group of 17 islands in Serang Regency, Banten Province. Administratively, Tunda Island is located in Tirtayasa District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. Seen geographically, Pulau Tunda is located at coordinates 5 ° 48 '43' 'latitude and 106 ° 16' 47 ''. Tunda Island has become a very attractive tourism object because it has beautiful beaches and sea that can be explored as an attraction for tourists. The Banten Jaya University Research and Community Service Institute (LP3M) has won the trust of the Serang Regency Youth Sport and Tourism Service (Disporapar) as a companion to the Tunda Island Tourism Village to improve the quality of human resources in the tourism sector (Kabar Banten, 21/09/2020). The cooking demonstration activity is assisted by an experienced chef in order to increase human resource resources in the tourism sector and in order to increase the taste and aesthetic value of the local Tunda Island cuisine ingredients as an attraction in the form of offerings to Tunda Island tourists. As a result, the people of Tunda Island get knowledge and new menu alternatives from local food ingredients.

Benthic foraminifera as ecological indicators in the Tunda Island Waters, Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Nurruhwati I, Ardiansyah F, Yuniarti, Yuliadi LPS, Partasasmita R. 2020. Benthic foraminifera as ecological indicators in the Tunda Island Waters Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3142-3148. Coral reef communities all across Southeast Asia are experiencing intense pressures from extensive tourism and massive coastal development. A prediction regarding coral reefs’ capacity to recover is a necessity since it is constantly exposed to damaging events such as mass bleaching and increased erosion. Tunda Island (which is highly rich in biodiversity and include coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass, and algae meadows) was sampled at 10 different sites in August 2019. Coral reefs are highly influenced by ecological factors such as temperature variability, salinity, DO, and pH. The assessments were conducted using the FORAM Index (FI) to accurately predict the capacity of coral reefs to recover based on relative abundances of symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera in reef sediments. The FI values ranged from 3.7 to 7.9 with a median of 4.7 and the average of 5 indicates that the water quality should support the recovery of reefs by reef-building corals and symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifers. The lowest FI value sampled was recorded from a site with extensive human activities (FI=3.4), while the highest one was recorded from a site with minimal to none human activities (FI=7.9), which indicates that the deterioration of water quality is caused by wastes from tourism activities near the coastal area.

Analysis and Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera Based on Test Wall Composition in the Surface of Coastal Sediments from Tunda Island, Serang, Banten, Indonesia

Tunda Island has become one of the marine tourism spots that is much considered by tourists because it has good coastal ecosystems. To find out the suitablecondition of Tunda Island waters, benthic foraminifera were used in this area. Foraminifera have the potential to be a bioindicator, which can be seen from the distribution, simple anatomy of the body and its ability to form hard shells. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of foraminifera based on shell walls on the surface of the coastal sediments of Tunda Island. This research was conducted on August 2019. Six samples were used in this study to analyze the abundance and diversity of benthic foraminifera based on test walls on the coast of Tunda Island. The analysis showed that only 2 sub-orders were found, namely Rotaliina and Miliolina. The most common sub-orders found in all studied stations are the Rotaliina with an abundance of 55% and 45% for the Miliolina. Calculation of community structure with diversity values ranging from 1.55 to 2.24 and dominance values ranging from 0.13 to 0.38 indicate that environmental conditions are under pressure both naturally and anthropogenically.

Ekologi Perairan Pulau Tunda Serang Banten: Keadaan Umum Hutan Mangrove

Mangrove forests now face serious threats, where human anthropogenic pressure has increased rapidly in coastal areas around mangrove areas. The ecological study of the waters of Tunda Serang Banten Island, especially the general condition of its mangrove forests, was carried out in January 2014. This was intended as a baseline in evaluating mangrove management in Indonesia (especially Tunda Serang Banten Island) and the presence of Indonesian mangrove forests could be maintained in the future. Data on the condition of the mangrove vegetation of Tunda Serang Banten Island was collected by making line transects and plots drawn from the reference point (outermost mangrove stands) and perpendicular to the coastline to the mainland. While the measurement of water quality is done in-situ. The results showed that the growth of the mangrove forest of Tunda Serang Island in Banten on the East (Station 1) was younger than that in the South (Station 2). Then the density is also higher in the East than in the South, but the condition of the mangrove forests of both stations is still relatively good and very dense. In addition, the environmental quality of Tunda Island's mangrove vegetation is still relatively high, the diversity and dominance of mangrove forests is low, uniformity in a somewhat balanced condition, regular distribution patterns and water quality parameters are not a barrier to the growth of mangroves.

Preliminary study of closed system transportation, rearing and observation of the eggs Oryzias javanicus (Bleeker 1854) from Tunda Island

Wild Oryzias javanicus from Tunda Island has potential as a native Indonesian aquatic ornamental fish and a model for research in the laboratory. The preliminary stage for raising wild fish is transporting from nature to the aquacul-ture environment. Generally, to minimize fish stress during transport in a closed system, anesthetics are added to the transport media. Furthermore, good adaptation in the aquaculture environment will lead to the process of reproduction as the ultimate goal of domestication of wild fish. The research objective is to analyze the transportation of closed systems and the rearing of O. javanicus post-transportation from Tunda Island. Research observations were carried out on behavior, survival, the number of eggs, and male: female sex ratio. Transport using an additional anesthetic treatment of 0.4 mL L-1 and without anesthesia, with fish density of 16 L-1. Anesthesia used is the commercial product Ocean Free® Special Arowana Stabilizer. Transportation is carried out for 11 hours. After that, rearing post-transportation is carried out for 16 days. The results showed that the transportation of O. javanicus can use a closed system without the addition of anesthesia with a density of 16 L-1 for 11 hours. In post-transport maintenance, fish begin active swimming on day 5, swim in groups continuously on day 6, start responding to natural food on day 3 and artificial feed on day 7, and produce a final survival of 91.67%. During maintenance, O. javanicus produces 104 eggs, 0.94 ± 0.06 mm in diameter and has an attaching filaments and a non-attaching filaments in the chorion. Oryzias javanicus is an egg depositor that can spawn with a 1: 1 and 1: 2 sex ratio.

Health Status of Coral Reef in Tunda Island, Banten Province, Indonesia

Coral reef is an important underwater ecosystem supporting people’s lives in coastal areas. One of the communities depending on the coral reef ecosystem for its food, livelihood, shoreline protection, and recreation needs is a community in Tunda Island. This research aims to analyze and determine the health status of coral reef in the island using a survey method. It was conducted in July 2018 and July 2019. Underwater photography transects were established at two depth areas of ± 3-4 m (shallow water) and ± 10-11 m (reef slope). Analysis of the results of live coral cover was divided into eight categories of groups based on CPCe output series 4.1. The values of coral reef cover at first depth (± 3-4 m) were 64.86% (east side of the island), 55.76% (north toward east side), and 32.22% (west side). The values of coral reef cover at second depth (± 10-11 m) were 36.36%, 25.00%, and 23.63% on the north toward east, east, and central north sides of the island, respectively. In shallow waters of Tunda Island, the coral reef health is classified as moderate to good, mostly those located on the east and the north toward the east sides. At reef slope, the coral reef health is classified as damaged to poor, particularly those located on the south and the south toward the west sides. The difference in the health values implies that most corals occur in shallow waters while deep corals differ from those near the surface and are not safe from impacts of the activities in the coastal area of Tunda Island.

Suitability and Carrying Capacity of Seagrass for Snorkeling on Tunda Island, Banten

The seagrass ecosystem has ecological and economical functions, which can provide benefits to the surrounding community as a conservation area and marine tourism. Studies on the suitability of seagrass ecosystems for marine tourism, especially snorkeling, on Tunda island are needed to support their use. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability and carrying capacity of seagrass ecosystems on Tunda Island, Banten for marine tourism snorkeling. The research was conducted in March - July 2019. The research method carried out was a survey with five observation stations in the seagrass area on Tunda Island. The parameters observed are seagrass cover, seagrass type, fish type, brightness, temperature, depth, current speed, substrate type, salinity, pH, DO, facilities, and infrastructure as well as accessibility. Data analysis was performed in a comparative description between five observation stations. The result of this research showed that station 1 (in north area) and station 4 (in southeast region) had a value of the Tourism Suitability Index in the range of 73.15% - 77.78% and included in the Suitable category, which are potential stations to be developed as snorkeling marine tourism areas. The carrying capacity of the seagrass area for snorkeling tours on Tunda Island, Banten with an area of 11,197 hectares is 44 people per day. Keywords : Marine tourism, regional carrying capacity, regional suitability, seagrass, snorkeling.

Carbon uptake and stock potency in Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem, Serang, Banten, Indonesia

Research on carbon uptake and stock potency in Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem was conducted from April to June 2016. The aims of the present study were to analyze carbon stock and uptake, identify the mangrove species most able to take up and store carbon, and estimate the carbon price of Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem. Transects were established at six stations, representative of the southern and eastern areas of mangrove vegetation in Tunda Island. Results show that the biomass of Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem was 196.76 ton/ha, the carbon stock was 91.48 ton/ha, and carbon uptake was 335.06 ton/ha. At the tree and sapling level, the greatest carbon stock and uptake value was found in Excoecaria agallocha species with 107.47 ton/ha and 392.23 ton/ha, respectively. Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem has an estimated total carbon price of Rp. 88,690,382–Rp. 221,725,955 per hectare.

Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Makroalga di Pesisir Pulau Tunda

Macroalgae is one of the marine biological resources that has a potential to be utilized further by humans. This research aims to study macroalgae diversity and utilization potency by humans in the coastal area of Tunda Island. The study was conducted at 4 stations using the belt transect method. Results of this study indicated that there were 15 species of macroalgae found that came from 3 macroalgae classes, they were chlorophyceae, phaeophyceae, and rhodophycea. Macroalgae species that are often found are Padina minor, Halimeda macroloba, and Gracilaria salicornia. The highest macroalgae diversity was found at station 3 with a value of 2.44. Based on the type of macroalgae found in the field there are several macroalgae species that can be utilized, and the lack of information causes the low macroalgae utilization by the local community. Keywords: Biodiversity, Gracilaria salicornia, Halimeda macroloba, macroalgae, Padina minor

Seasonal effect on the spatial distribution of macro debris in Tunda Island, Banten

The small island coast is an area that is vulnerable to environmental problems. Debris problems occur in some areas of Tunda Island with low human activity, due to current and wind factors that can distribute the debris. The speed and direction of wind and currents in Indonesia are influenced by the seasons, so the seasons have an influence on the accumulation of debris in a place. This study aims to determine the effect of the season on the distribution of debris and potential sources that influence the presence of debris on the coast of Tunda Island, Banten. This study uses MIKE 21 software to determine current and wind patterns and movement of macro debris particles. Based on season research, it influences the pattern of macro debris distribution in this area. In the east season, the increase in the litter is 9 kg from the weight of the debris in the west season. Also, there is an increase in debris in several categories including the most likely to find items, fishing gear, packaging material, small pieces trash, and base wood materials. The potential source that affects the presence of debris on the coast of Tunda Island, Banten is Muara Ciujung.

Heavy metal content in annually-banded coral Porites lutea at windward and leeward of Tunda Island, Banten bay, West Java Indonesia

Longterm fluctuation content of heavy metal concentrations (Sr, Cr, Fe, Zn, and Pb) was traced through the analysis of coral skeletal growth bands of massive coral core Porites lutea. Annual growth band was examined using X radiography. Heavy metal samples were extracted from each yearly layer of the core section. Seven samples of the coral skeleton were analyzed using neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry to detect metal concentrations. The oldest layer of coring corals obtained from the windward side started from 1940, while in leeward of the island starting from 1969. All five metals from both sides were still detected until 2014. There was significant increase over time of the four metals (Cr, Fe, Zn. and Pb), while the concentrations of strontium remained relatively stable.

Preliminary Study Rearing of Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island, Indonesia, Under Laboratory Condition

Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island, Indonesia has the potential as a model organism in laboratories and also ornamental fish. Basic information regarding maintenance during adaptation post-transportation from its habitat in nature, embryo incubation and maintenance of larvae is needed as a basis for breeding activities. The results showed that Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island can adapt, spawning and produce a total 262 eggs (diameter 0.88-1.02 mm) in a controlled environment. Eggs from spawning in nature begin to hatch on the 11th incubation day, the hatching peak occurs on the 13th day with a hatching process 4-9 days at 25-27oC. The hatching rate ranges from 57.14-100% and the survival of 5 days old lavae after hatching is 72.72-100.00%. The transportation technique in this study has not been able to suppress fish mortality during post-transportation rearing.
 

DEVELOPING DIGITAL WORKSHEET BASED ON ANDROID SUBJECT BIODIVERSITY GASTROPODS IN MANGROVE FOREST AT TUNDA ISLAND BANTEN

ABSTRACT This research aimed to develop a digital student’s work sheets used Android based on mangrove forest of Tunda Island gastropod diversity for invertebrate sub concept and to assessed the student’s work sheets based on material, media, and student response aspects. This research was a developments research (R&D) with 3-D (Define, Design, and Develop) design and supported by exploration of gastropod diversity in mangrove forest of Tunda Island at June 2017. The instruments in this research were interview and expert assessment sheets. The data from assesment sheets was analized from qualitative to be quantitative. The data from assessment sheets was used to improve the student’s worksheets contents and structures. The result of this research showed 20 species gastropods identified at mangrove forest of Tunda Island including 2 subclass, Pulmonata and Prosobranchia. The gastropod diversity index on Tunda Island was 1,2024, classified in the medium category. The result of exploration of gastropod diversity in Tunda Island also used as material content in student’s work sheets development. Based on experts assessment and student response, the average value of the student’s work sheet were 89% and 87,1% with category very good and feasible to use as a teaching learning materials for 10th grade of senior high school. Keywords : Android, Gastropods, Student’s Work Sheets, Tunda Island