Tunda Island Research Articles

Phytoplankton community structure in Tunda Island waters, Banten Indonesia as a bioindicator to measure water quality

Mining of sea sand in the water area of Tunda Island can result in changes in the quality of the aquatic environment. Phytoplankton may indicate changes due to their rapid reaction to external influences in water. This study aims to determine the water quality condition in Tunda Island waters using phytoplankton communities. The sample collection included 20 observation stations in Tunda Island waters, Banten province. The analyzed water samples had parameters of depth, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity, nitrates, and phytoplankton communities. The results obtained by several quality water parameters still meet the quality standards except for nitrates. The composition of phytoplankton consists of 3 classes: Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae. Eight phytoplankton genera of the Bacillariophyceae class dominated during observation: Bacteriastrum sp., Chaetoceros sp., Hemiaulus sp., Lauderia sp., Nitzschia sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Skeletonema sp., Thalassiosira sp., and Thalassiotrix sp. The phytoplankton biological index describes the phytoplankton diversity index as moderate diversity, phytoplankton evenness is classified as unstable communities, and phytoplankton dominance is at a moderate condition. Variations within a phytoplankton group can reflect seasonal dynamics and the impact of changes in the aquatic environment.

Assessment of a small island’s groundwater resilience under the pressure of anthropogenic and natural stresses on Tunda Island, Indonesia

Assessment of a small island’s groundwater resilience under the pressure of anthropogenic and natural stresses on Tunda Island, Indonesia

Peluang dan Intervensi Pengembangan Desa Wisata Potensi Wisata Bahari di Kabupaten Serang.

Village Tourism is currently a prima donna destination to release fatigue and find a new atmosphere in traveling. Especially with the covid-19 pandemic, the level of tourist visits to tourist villages has increased dramatically. Wargasara Tourism Village on Tunda Island is a tourist village in Serang Regency which has maritime potential. Wargasara Tourism Village on Tunda Island has great potential to be developed but experiences obstacles related to infrastructure facilities, understanding of tourism by the community, weak local government support. To overcome these obstacles, an analysis of opportunities and interventions in the development of Wargasara tourism village with marine potential is needed. The research method used is qualitative with literature review (using references to springer, science direct and scopus articles) and in-depth interviews with objective informants. This research provides another picture of the opportunities and interventions for the development of tourist villages with marine potential from the study of public administration using the dimensions of governance, namely institutions, values and processes. Improving and strengthening the governance of Wargasara tourism village is expected to answer the challenges faced in maximizing the potential of marine tourism in Serang Regency.

IMPLEMENTASI KEPUTUSAN BUPATI TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN SERANG (STUDI DESA WISATA POTENSI BAHARI)

Village tourism is currently one of the alternative destinations for nature tourism. This is also the case with the Wargasara Tunda Island tourist village in Serang Regency. Wargasara Tunda Island tourist village was established by the Decree of the Regent of Serang in 2021. However, in its implementation, there are still several problems, namely limited accessibility constraints, low public understanding of tourist villages and hygiene problems at tourist attractions. This study aims to describe and analyze how the policy implementation is using Charles O Jones' policy implementation theory, namely organizational structure, interpretation and implementation. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data analysis according to Miles and Huberman with research informants determined by purposive informants. The results showed that the implementation of the policy on the establishment of Wargasara Tourism Village on Tunda Island has run optimally with some emphasis. From the organizational, institutional and human resource dimensions of the Tourism Village, it is good with the formation of Pokdarwis Jalatunda, which consists of village youth with tourism interests. The element of interpretation is interpreted variously by the village government who realizes that there are accessibility and electricity network constraints for more advanced tourism development, while from the community side, there is an increased understanding that the potential of the Wargasara area is a tourist destination. The dimension of policy implementation has not gone well where the application of Sapta Pesona has not gone well, especially cleanliness and beauty. Therefore, it is necessary to build synergistic collaboration between parties to overcome barriers to accessibility and electricity networks and increase public understanding of sustainable tourism so that tourism runs and the environment is maintained.

Reef rehabilitation method uses bio transplants model in Tunda Island Banten Province, Indonesia

Reef habitat degradation has an impact on both human activities and natural factors. It can motivate some people to preserve the coral reef ecosystem’s function in ecology and economics. According to Patent No. S00201908839 that Bio Transplants is a reef transplantation method that utilizes Dead Coral and Dead Coral with Algae as a media substrate to attach reef fragments. This study aimed to develop a reef rehabilitation method using the bio-transplants method. It does not need a specific skill like a scuba diver certificate. Conducted the research in July, November 2019, and July 2020 on the prototype model area. The result showed that the reef fragment survival based on November 2019 was 71.7 % of the total fragment in July 2019 (364 transplants). In July 2020, the colony component was 97.4 % after age ± twelve months from 239 pieces that grew since July 2019. Using the dry adhesive, since the fragments’ age ± four months had been associated with their substrate, their fragment section had been covered by the width increase of component become (become the colony of the reef). People have been trying “the bio-transplants method” included in their tour packages as marine ecotourism implementation.

Investigating Impact of Sea Sand Mining in Tunda Island Waters, Indonesia Based in Mike 21 Modelling

Abstract In Indonesia, sea sand mining was introduced in the late 1970s, and one of the sites is Banten Province, Indonesia. Sea sand mining in Banten waters began in 2003 after the issuance of a permit by the Regent of Serang Regency, namely Decree No. 540/Kep.68/Huk/2003, which was updated by the Regional Regulation of Serang Regency No. 2 of 2013 on the Zoning Plan for Coastal and Small Island Areas in Serang Regency for 2013-2033. Studies related to marine sand mining in Banten, Indonesia are required in accordance with the principle of ecosystem sustainability. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of sea sand mining on the ecological quality of coral reefs and hydro-oceanographic hue on Tunda Island. The survey method was used to determine the coral reef cover, while the hydrodynamic aspects were carried out by simulating bathymetric data, tidal and wave patterns. In addition, a simulation of sediment distribution was performed to determine the effects of sea sand mining using MIKE 12 sand transport module. The percentage of coral cover in the west, east and south of Tunda Island was 66.00%, 39.67% and 28.15%, respectively. The maximum sea depth around the study site reached 70 m, while it is relatively shallow in the mining area. In the last 14 years, the prevailing wave height ranged from 0.5-0.75 m or 49.02%, and 0.25-0.50 m or 36.69%. In addition, the concentration of TSS was relatively high, ranging from 40 mg/l to 60 mg/l. From the results, the most commonly observed impact of sea sand mining off Tunda Island was the high concentration of TSS. This can be prevented by rotating TSHD vessels, especially in the areas adjacent to Tunda Island.

Water Security In Tunda Island, Banten Indonesia: Potency & Threat

Water availability and management for water security on small islands are critical. The purpose of this research is to uncover the water resources issue at a small island community level as well as discourse on the potential threats and sustainable management for water security. Tunda Island, located in the Java Sea, is one of 81 small islands in Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through focus group discussions, open interviews with key persons, direct field observations, and secondary data gathering. Moreover, we analyzed time series climate data, particularly rainfall and population growth projections, based on data from official Indonesian government sites. The monthly mean precipitation is ranging from a low of 48 mm/month in August to a high of 292 mm/month in January. A “surplus of water” occurs from November to May, while months with a “deficit of water” occur from June to October. The majority of the community is unaware of the water security issue due to a lack of information and knowledge in the community. Some threats to the sustainability of water resources would be caused by two factors, both anthropogenical and natural: rising water demand, diminishing groundwater reserves due to population growth and tourism activities on the island, drought, sea level rise, and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts due to increasing population growth and tourism activities on the island and drought, sea level rise and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts. Developing community knowledge and awareness of water security is the main issue that should be handled first, coinciding with sustainable management practices that consider water use efficiency, the use of alternative water sources (e.g., rainwater harvesting), and protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, especially for the future tourist destination.

Relationship between sediment type, total organic matter, and water quality on mangrove density on Tunda Island, Serang Banten

Environmental conditions that are quite important in the growth of mangroves are the type of sediment, organic matter, and water quality because the organic matter produced can be useful for mangrove fertility. This study aims to determine the type of sediment, the percentage of total organic matter, water quality, mangrove density, and determine the relationship between sediment types, total organic matter, and water quality on mangrove density on Tunda Island, Serang, Banten. This study used a survey method while collecting data using a purposive sampling method. Mangrove density was obtained through the line transect plot method. The sediment type test used the dry sieving method, the total organic matter (BOT) test used the loss on ignition (LOI) method, the statistical test used the multiple correlation method. All data was then analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results of the study are that the type of sediment in Tunda Island mangroves is dominated by silty sand and sand. The total organic matter contained in mangrove sediments ranges from 2.40% - 3.62% which is included in the moderate to high category. Salinity values ranged from 31 - 34.33 ppt included in the high category. The pH value ranges from 7.33 - 7.70 which is included in the good category for mangrove growth. Temperature values ranging from 27.37oC - 31.63oC are included in the good category for mangrove growth because they can still grow and develop normally. The mangrove density level is dominated by the dense category, which is 2,400 ind/Ha at station 1 and 1,700 ind/Ha at station 2, and the rare category is 1,000 ind/Ha at station 3 and 900 ind/Ha at station 4. There is a significant relationship between sediment type, total organic matter, water quality with mangrove density.Keywords: BOT; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Quality

Relationship between sediment type, total organic matter, and water quality on mangrove density on Tunda Island, Serang Banten

Environmental conditions that are quite important in the growth of mangroves are the type of sediment, organic matter, and water quality because the organic matter produced can be useful for mangrove fertility. This study aims to determine the type of sediment, the percentage of total organic matter, water quality, mangrove density, and determine the relationship between sediment types, total organic matter, and water quality on mangrove density on Tunda Island, Serang, Banten. This study used a survey method while collecting data using a purposive sampling method. Mangrove density was obtained through the line transect plot method. The sediment type test used the dry sieving method, the total organic matter (BOT) test used the loss on ignition (LOI) method, the statistical test used the multiple correlation method. All data was then analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results of the study are that the type of sediment in Tunda Island mangroves is dominated by silty sand and sand. The total organic matter contained in mangrove sediments ranges from 2.40% - 3.62% which is included in the moderate to high category. Salinity values ranged from 31 - 34.33 ppt included in the high category. The pH value ranges from 7.33 - 7.70 which is included in the good category for mangrove growth. Temperature values ranging from 27.37oC - 31.63oC are included in the good category for mangrove growth because they can still grow and develop normally. The mangrove density level is dominated by the dense category, which is 2,400 ind/Ha at station 1 and 1,700 ind/Ha at station 2, and the rare category is 1,000 ind/Ha at station 3 and 900 ind/Ha at station 4. There is a significant relationship between sediment type, total organic matter, water quality with mangrove density.Keywords: BOT; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Quality

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN DAN TERUMBU KARANG PULAU TUNDA, KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN

Tunda Island is one of the leading marine destinations in Banten Province which has high potential biodiversity. This study aimed to determine the health condition of the Tunda Island coral reef ecosystem. The method used in this study was Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method for coral reef and Belt Transect method for reef fish. Based on coral reef survey, the percentage of coral coverage on Tunda Island was 34.7%. From this value the coral reefs of Tunda Island were included in the sufficient category. The results of a survey of fish showed that there were 57 species from 17 families, which is dominated from Pomacentridae. The diversity index value (H ') of reef fish was 3.143, which showed that the diversity of reef fish around Tunda Island was high, and the uniformity index value (e) was 0.777, which showed that in Tunda Island waters the spread of fish species was stable.

Estimating Blue Carbon Stock: Mangrove and Seagrass Biomass Assessment in Tunda Island, Serang, Banten, Indonesia

Tunda Island is one of the islands at the northern tip of Banten Province, with natural and well-maintained seagrass and mangrove ecosystems. Even though its location is close to an urban area, the use of aquatic resources such as fishing and cultivation is small compared to other islands. However, developing issues such as sand mining plans will undoubtedly impact the surrounding coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves and seagrass in Tunda Island. Related to their role in reducing the impact of climate change, these two ecosystems need to be protected because coastal ecosystems are ten times more effective at sequestering carbon dioxide per area than boreal, temperate, or tropical forests. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential of seagrass and mangrove biomass for blue carbon storage on Tunda Island as baseline data for managing small islands that are still natural. Calculation of the area of mangrove and seagrass ecosystems on Tunda Island was obtained by classifying high-resolution imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Drones. The potential for blue carbon storage was calculated using the allometric equation on seagrass (percent cover and density) and mangroves (DBH and wood density). The results showed that Tunda Island had six species of seagrass, which were dominated by Thalassia hemprichii, and six species of mangrove, which Rhizopora apiculata dominated. Based on the results of the UAV Drone image classification, the mangrove and seagrass ecosystem area was 14 and 398 ha. After that, it can be calculated that the potential value of blue carbon stores in Tunda Island is 160,38 tons C, with the most significant carbon stock being 60% in the mangrove ecosystem biomass and 40% in seagrass biomass. These results mean that blue carbon stock in Tunda Island has a small value compared with Indonesia's average mangrove and seagrass carbon data.

Analysis of the Suitability and Carrying Capacity of Marine and Coastal Tourism on Tunda Island, Banten Province

Tourism suitability serves as a critical indicator for assessing the feasibility of optimal tourism development within specific coastal environments, considering different tourism categories. This research focuses on Tunda Island, renowned for its picturesque seascapes, diverse biota, and pristine white sand beaches. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the suitability and carrying capacity of marine tourism activities on Tunda Island.Data collection encompassed both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through on-site field observations conducted in 2023, involving direct measurements and assessments. Secondary data was derived from research conducted in 2019. The research findings revealed varying levels of suitability within different tourism categories. In the beach recreation category, tourism suitability index values exceeding 2.0 classified the areas as S2 (suitable). The determined carrying capacity for this category stands at 45 people per day. For snorkeling and diving tourism, only one out of six observation stations, specifically station 4, achieved an S2 category classification with suitability indices of 2.03 and 2.18 for snorkeling and diving, respectively. The carrying capacity for snorkeling and diving tourism in this area is estimated to be 3881 individuals per day. Conversely, the seagrass and mangrove categories yielded unsatisfactory results, as the suitability index values fell below 2.0.

Reef Fish Biodiversity at Different Depths in Tunda Island, Banten Province, Indonesia

Reef composition and diversity of coral reef fishes play an essential role in the ecosystem. The reef fish diversity is a crucial indicator of the health level of coral reef ecosystems. The benefit of fish diversity in coral reef ecosystems is to describe ecological services. This research intended to determine reef fish diversity among stations at different depths, consisting of shallow water and reef slope. Research sampling was done in July 2018 and July 2019 in Tunda Island waters at eight stations billowing the coral distribution pattern. Collected data of reef fishes were by using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) on Belt Transects Method at 250 m2 transect area (50 meters of length and 2.5 m on either side). The result showed 69 reef fishes in shallow water and 67 species on the reef slope. The total of fish species ware from 13 families consisting of Acanthuridae, Apogonidae, Blenniidae, Chaetodontidae, Ephippidae, Haemulidae, Labridae, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Pomacentridae, Pseudochromidae, Scaridae and Serranidae. The community services structure of coral reef fishes is included in the moderate community stability category with an H’ value ranging from 1.19-1.60 in shallow water and 1.23-1.44 at reef slope, respectively. Diversity in coral reef fish communities might be associated with species' spatial distribution over the reef habitat's physical structure, but these patterns could be highly scale-dependent. In general, it could be said that the higher the coral reef diversity, the higher the reef fish diversity.

Low-cost investigation of wave dynamics across low energy reef environments in Indonesia

The interaction between offshore waves and complex reef bottom profiles determines the hydrodynamic processes within the reef beaches, for instance, Sea-Swell (SS) wave dissipation, Infragravity (IG) wave generation as well as wave-induced currents and setups. These hydrodynamics phenomena are important to several ecological processes and control the associated shoreline erosion and flooding. Hence, a good understanding of the dynamics is needed that wave observations are challenging and expensive otherwise. Here we present a short term (12 hours) investigation of non-directional spectral waves using a series of HOBO pressure sensors. Six pressure sensors were deployed at 3 locations along the fringing reefs of Tunda Island, Banten Province - Indonesia. The wave spectra were estimated from the surface water fluctuations using linear wave theory for each hourly burst data. During observation, the Tunda waters were calm with significant wave heights were less than 10 cm with peak wave periods of ∼12 s at all sites. Despite the short period measurement due to memory issue, the result demonstrated the ability of HOBO pressure sensors to measure non-directional wave spectra at shallow water.

Pendampingan Masyarakat Nelayan Pulau Tunda Pada Kegiatan Pemulihan Ekonomi dan Sosial Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

ASSISTANCE OF THE TUNDA ISLAND FISHING COMMUNITY IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RECOVERY ACTIVITIES POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC During The Covid-19 Pandemic, The Economic And Social Conditions Of The Delayed Community Were Indeed Very Well Known, Especially In Areas Located On Small Islands, Increasingly Developing These Conditions, Therefore Intervention From Various Parties Was Needed To Be Able To Stimulate These Conditions So That Economic And Social Activities Could Immediately Rise. Back on the island of delay even though it is in new normal condition. Community service activities involving as many as 320 students and 17 lecture in primagraha universities are expected to be able to take advantage of the restoration of the economic and social conditions of the tunda island community or sara village residents, tirtayasa district, serang regency, through this activity it is also expected to further encourage the tourism sector on tunda island to be better known in the community. The number of tourist visits during the covid-19 pandemic has decreased by 60%. The development of adequate education and health facilities by the local government will greatly assist the tunda island community in increasing their tourism potential with a holistic approach. Development based on the habits, culture and customs of the community will have an impact on the economic and social conditions of the tunda island community. Tunda island or the village of sara residents, which has extraordinary natural beauty and marine resources, can be trusted by the local government to be a leading destination that can have an impact on improving the economic and social conditions of the community, which in turn will also have an impact on the potential for improving the economic and social conditions of the community. Local revenue in the tourism sector. Tunda island tourism promotion through digital will be able to better introduce the beauty of marine resources owned by domestic tourists and national tourists.

Hydro-oceanography Profile Condition at Tunda Island Serang District Banten Province, Indonesia

Tunda Island has three potential coastal ecosystems, but they would not be sustainable for the organism when the oceanographic condition is under the quality standards. The research aims to study hydrooceanography as the first profile Marine Conservation Area management plans at Tunda island explains in Zonation Plans on Coastal Areas and Small Island Banten Province. In general, the waters profile condition will describe how it can contribute to the primary productivity of other organisms. Collected the sampling method was in July and November 2020, and the sampling method used purposive sampling on 45 stations across the island. The result of the data analysis from each parameter was the depth of water has ranged from 0.5-52.4±1.14 meters, water transparency from 0.5-13.3±0.25 meters, waters temperature was 29.97- 31.16±0.32 °C, DO was 6.63-8.41±0.31 mg/l, pH from 6.83-7.92±0.25, salinity was 31.6-33.8±0.55 ‰, TDS was 13.8-15.8±0.39 mg/l, conductivity was 22.7-24.8±0.36 mS/cm and ORP from 149-186±7.03 mV. Believed the difference in water quality conditions among stations to be due to differences in the typology of water conditions and currents from the Sunda Strait and the flow of particles from mainland Serang. Where northern and western sides are associated with several small islands and lead to the mainland of Serang. Wheres, south and east sides are directly waters related to the Sunda Strait. The hydro-oceanographic can be used as data and information to develop activities like MPAs plans in Tunda Island waters.

Resilience Community Livelihood : Case Study on Tunda’s Island Community

Studies on community household livelihood have been carried out mainly to explain the level of vulnerability to community livelihoods. The livelihoods of the island community are greatly influenced by natural factors and surrounding environment. The livelihoods of the island community are mostly small scale fishermen who are culnerable to climate and non climate factors. This research study explain how island communities survive with the risk of the vulnerability of their livelihood due climate change. This case study analysis was used to find out a spesific picture of community household in Tunda Island in responding to pressure and taking various adaptation measure to survive. This study has several finding to explain how community households sruve, among others by diversifying additional source of income within the household due to the main source of income that no longer produces income due to various environmental problems, one of which is climate change. The resilience of the island community is bulit through a community system that is built base on mutual awarness by using the various resources available on Tunda Island. Community resilience does not only household adaptation pattern infacing various ecological problems but also includes community adaptation patterns in maintaining the sustainability of community food system, environmental balace and household livelihood system.

Komposisi Jenis dan Distribusi Gastropoda pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Pulau Tunda, Kabupaten Serang Banten, Jawa Barat

Tunda Island is one of a group of islands located in the northern area of Banten Province. In the eastern and southern parts of Tunda Island, there is a mangrove ecosystem which is a habitat for various organisms, one of which is gastropods. In the mangrove ecosystem, some gastropods live on the roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves by sticking and climbing, clinging to dead wood, to the muddy ground. It is necessary to know the type composition and distribution of gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem found on Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten. Gastropod sampling was carried out on a 5 x 5 m2 plot at the lowest tide. All types of gastropods found in the plots were taken by hand. The gastropod samples obtained were then cleaned and put in a sample bottle, then given a 70% alcohol solution as initial preservation for further identification at the Laboratory of Dry Hydrobiology, Marine Science and Technology, FPIK, Bogor Agricultural University. There are 19 types of gastropods found in the mangrove ecosystem of Tunda Island from 11 families, including: Cerithidea cingulata, Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, Cerithium kobelti, Chicoreus capucinus, Coralliophila persica, Littoraria scabra, Mitrella puella, Xenorita plana. indica, Clea helena, Morula biconica, Phos senticosus, Fissilabia decollate, Monodonta canalifera, Imbricaria vanicorensis. Based on the index value of the diversity index (H') (0.06 – 0.21 < H'< 2.0), dominance (D) (0.03 – 0.19 < D<0.50) and uniformity (E) (0.03–0.13) obtained, the gastropods found in the mangrove area on Tunda Island with a low level of diversity.

Marine Bioremediation Using Alcanivorax Borkumensis SK2 as A Waste Prevention Oil Industry on the Tunda Island to the Impact of Flood in Banten Region

Marine pollution in the water triggers many problems, one of them is in the area of Tunda Island, Banten, Indonesia. Waste pollution that occurs in the area occurs due to oil drilling activities conducted by Pertamina. As result, such drilling waste pollutes the environment of Tunda Island. The distance between residential areas and oil rigs is about 18 to 20 miles, which will take 2 hours to complete. As a result of the waste, many octopuses on Tunda Island were found drunk and dead. It will be more dangerous if the waste sticks to mangrove seedlings, in mangrove trunks and in seagrass beds, when exposed to sunlight it will melt because the gravel waste is pitch black and can burn. As the world's largest island nation, 60% of Indonesia's 265 million people depend on one-system waters. Toxic chemicals enter the oceans every day from industrial waste. This problem can lead to the risk of flood impacts for the environment affected by industrial waste pollution. Marine cleanliness plays an important role in realizing the prosperity of land and marine ecosystems. Efforts can be made with bioremediation that is recovery with the help of live bacteria such as Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 which is γ-proteobacterium of the sea that can be used to clean contaminated environments. This research aims to prevent industrial waste pollution and prevent the risk of flood impacts in Indonesia, especially in Tunda Island, Banten. Various literature explains that A. borkumensis SK2 is able to digest linear and branched alkanes commonly found in crude oil. Bacteria grow naturally in polluted areas, when added with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, they can accelerate the cleaning process to 2 -5 years faster than natural processes for 5 - 10 years. Therefore, the application of the use of A. borkumensis SK2 has the potential to be applied in Indonesia to overcome the problem of marine pollution.

The Optimum Simulation Analysis of Sustainable Microgrid Electricity System Based on Hybrid Power Plant on Tunda Island, Banten Province

Tunda Island is one of the islands in a group of 17 islands in the north of Java, Banten Province. Electrical energy in Tunda Island is supplied by 2 Private Diesel Genset, each of which has an installed capacity of 100 kVA and 75 kVA, with an operating time of 4-5 hours per day starting from 18.00 to 22.00. The microgrid electrical system has several advantages, in terms of efficiency, microgrid can reduce the use of fossil fuels in power plants, besides that it can reduce losses caused by the distribution system because the location of the microgrid generator is relatively close to the load. In terms of reliability, the microgrid electrical system can optimally manage energy sources for 7 days and 24 hours. In addition, the microgrid electrical system has the ability to work without being connected to the grid. With the use of a microgrid electricity system, the electricity costs that must be paid are less and most importantly can reduce carbon emissions, because the plants used in the microgrid electricity system generally use renewable energy. In this study, scenarios were made to determine the most optimum LCoE value using an optimization approach with the help of homer pro software. The operating pattern for the Tunda Island electricity system is obtained, namely, the load is carried during the day by Solar PV Power Plant and at night using a generator that has been controlled using the force on & force off mode. From the simulation obtained the lowest LCoE in the Solar PV Power Plant Hybrid configuration with capacity of 240 KWp, 302.4 KWh battery & 200 KW inverter. The ability to pay for electricity for the residents of Tunda Island is still possible if subsidized tariffs are imposed, the range of ability to pay for the residents of Tunda Island is IDR/KWh 726.45-1452.91 and their ability will decrease if they are subject to non-subsidized PLN tariffs. With PLN as the PSO, the differrence in tariffs with the local Generation Production Cost will receive a subsidy from the government. Furthermore, the sustainability of this microgrid system will have the benefit of a continuous supply of electricity. So, it can be felt by the people of Tunda Island which is managed by State-Owned Enterprise (PT. PLN Persero).