Tuna Processing Research Articles

Performance of tuna fisheries in the sea of Sikka Regency

Abstract The high potential tuna fisheries in Sikka Seas produce high pressure as well. The research objective was to determine the performance of tuna fisheries in managing and utilizing sustainable tuna. The research was conducted for 3 months from December to March 2023 with research locations in Alok, West Alok, East Alok and Talibura Sub-district of Sikka Regency. The choice of research location decided by concentrated area for tuna fisheries. This research used primary and secondary data. Interviewed with 131 tuna fishermen showed the diversity of tuna fisheries in Sikka Regency including the characteristics of fishermen (age, education, number of family, marital status, side job, fishing business experience); targeted catch; vessel; fishing gear and fishing aids device; hauling time; fishing season; fishing grounds; fishing techniques; handling fish on board; and tuna processing company description.

Tuna Dark Muscle Feeding Improved the Meat Quality of Holland Mini-Piglets and Modulated the Gut Microbiota.

Pork is one of the most widely produced and consumed meats in the world, and it is also an important source of animal protein. The continuous rise in feed prices has forced the pig industry to consider adding cost-effective alternative feed to pig diets. In this study, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of tuna dark muscle as a nutritional supplement on the growth performance, serum lipids and antioxidant levels of Holland mini-piglets, as well as on the odor and volatile substances of pork and the gut microbiota. Two-month-old male mini-piglets (n = 24) were fed a control diet or supplemented with either 2% (LD) or 4% (HD) tuna dark muscle for 8 weeks. The use of tuna dark muscle at low and high dosages significantly increased the average daily weight gain, but it showed no significant effect on organ indices or blood lipids. In addition, dark muscle treatment significantly increased the antioxidant capacity, characterized by increased SOD and GSH-Px activities, and it decreased the content of MDA in serum. Moreover, tuna dark muscle feeding shifted the odor of rib muscle and tendon meat away from that of the control group, while similar odor patterns were observed in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Among these volatile substances, hexanal, nonanal, and heptanal increased in response to dietary tuna dark muscle and were regarded as indispensable contributors to the feeding. Furthermore, dietary tuna dark muscle modulated the gut microbiota of the piglets, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as butyric acid-producing bacteria, and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria. The feeding strategy reported in this study not only reduces the production costs of pork but also utilizes tuna processing by-products in an environmentally friendly way.

Chemical Compositions and Characteristics of Biocalcium from Pre-Cooked Tuna Bone as Influenced by Sodium Chloride Pretreatment and Defatting by Asian Seabass Lipase.

Pre-cooked bone is a waste product generated during tuna processing and can serve as a potential source of biocalcium (BC). Generally, non-collagenous protein and fat must be removed properly from bone. A NaCl solution can be used to remove such proteins, while fish lipase can be used in a green process, instead of solvent, for fat removal. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of NaCl pretreatment at different concentrations in combination with heat to eliminate non-collagenous proteins, and to implement fish lipase treatments at varying levels for fat removal, for BC production from pre-cooked tuna bone. Optimal NaCl pretreatment of bone was achieved when a 5% NaCl solution at 80 °C was used for 150 min. The lowest lipid content was obtained for bone defatted with crude lipase extract (CLE) at 0.30 Unit/g of bone powder for 2 h. BC powder from bone defatted with CLE (DF-BC) possessed greater contents of ash, calcium, and phosphorus and smaller particle sizes than the control BC powder. X-ray diffractograms suggested that both BC powders consisted of hydroxyapatite as a major compound, which had a crystallinity of 62.92-63.07%. An elemental profile confirmed the presence of organic and inorganic matter. Thus, BC powder could be produced from pre-cooked tuna bone using this 'green process'.

Sistem Perhitungan Upah Pada PT. Karya Mandiri Citramina Dengan Metode Waterfall

Wages are a form of service that is given regularly to an employee for his services and results of his work. PT. Karya Mandiri Citramina is a company engaged in fish processing (Tuna Processing Company), in managing wage calculations it still uses Microsoft Excel and there are errors in calculating wage components, wage calculations are based on the results of calculating wage components, late in providing payment reports wages and distribution of payslips to employees. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution to PT. Mandiri Citramina's work related to the above problems by creating a desktop-based payroll aplication sistem. The research methodology that researchers use is a qualitative method and the systems development methodology that researchers use is the waterfall method. In designing this wage calculation system application, researchers used the PHP programming language and the database used MySQL. The design result of this study is the a Payroll Aplication System can be a solution to problems that arise in the management of wage calculations. Researchers suggest to PT. Karya Mandiri Citramina to implement this Payroll Aplication System in the management of wage calculations.

Revealing the functional potential of microbial community of activated sludge for treating tuna processing wastewater through metagenomic analysis.

Reports regarding the composition and functions of microorganisms in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants for treating tuna processing wastewater remains scarce, with prevailing studies focusing on municipal and industrial wastewater. This study delves into the efficiency and biological dynamics of activated sludge from tuna processing wastewater, particularly under conditions of high lipid content, for pollutant removal. Through metagenomic analysis, we dissected the structure of microbial community, and its relevant biological functions as well as pathways of nitrogen and lipid metabolism in activated sludge. The findings revealed the presence of 19 phyla, 1,880 genera, and 7,974 species, with Proteobacteria emerging as the predominant phylum. The study assessed the relative abundance of the core microorganisms involved in nitrogen removal, including Thauera sp. MZ1T and Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601, among others. Moreover, the results also suggested that a diverse array of fatty acid-degrading microbes, such as Thauera aminoaromatica and Cupriavidus necator H16, could thrive under lipid-rich conditions. This research can provide some referable information for insights into optimizing the operations of wastewater treatment and identify some potential microbial agents for nitrogen and fatty acid degradation.

Effects of peptide fractions and amino acids on antioxidant properties of autolyzed tuna viscera protein hydrolysate

Tuna viscera as a common waste product from the tuna processing industry contributes to environmental pollution. The effects were determined of peptide fractions and amino acids on the antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysate from tuna viscera. We converted this waste into protein hydrolysate, a high added-value product, using autolysis. Tuna protein hydrolysate was fractionated by ultrafiltration into four fractions (>10 kDa, 5–10 kDa, 1–5 kDa and <1 kDa) and each was examined for its antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and metal chelating) and amino acids composition. The MW and amino acids of the tuna protein hydrolysate peptide fractions were not directly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity and metal chelating. The ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the 1–5 kDa fraction were higher than for the other fractions. The tuna protein hydrolysate peptide fractions contributed to antioxidant activity and should be used to their full advantage by the nutritional and food industries

Produksi Pemindangan Ikan Tongkol Variasi Konsumsi Olahan untuk Meningkatkan pendapatan Masyarakat Gampong Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Timur

The aim of this program is to empower the community to make tuna pindang products, provide motivation to produce tuna pindang to help increase people's income and contribute to the development of tuna tuna business in Gampong Aceh. The methods to be used in Community Service activities are the observation method, practice method and lecture method. Community participation is very important in the success of this PKM program. It is hoped that the community will be able to take part in this activity starting with the desire to empower active and sustainable working groups of housewives, the community taking part in product manufacturing and packaging counseling, the community jointly making pindang cob products which will become their trademark from Gampong Aceh, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, and the community can market their products which extend to other areas. Problems in empowering the Gampong Aceh community to become a productive community in processing the available natural resources into superior products and are the hallmark of Gampong Aceh. The abundance of tuna has not yet been produced by doing pemindangan, by assisting the people of Gampong Aceh to make tuna processing into a savory variation of processed tuna fish, hopefully it will be in great demand by the community. After the cob fish processing is done, it will be packaged in attractive and hygienic packaging so that it becomes an attraction for the market share.

Determinants of Economic Value Addition of Industrial Tuna Fish Processors in the Sea Food Processing Sub-Chain in Malaysia

Value added is the difference between the output value, input material, and processing costs. The supply chain of tuna products is inseparable from production costs as a support for increasing the added value potential of fish. This study aims to determine the added value of supply chain entities as a whole for each alternative using the Hayami method and determine the level of marketing efficiency of existing supply chain flows using farmer's share analysis for this added value, using the Hayami method to find out which tuna product is the most profitable to increase the added value of this tuna. The tuna supply chain actors consist of fishermen as fish producers, transit docks, fresh tuna processing industries, canned tuna processing industries, tuna fillet processing industries, traditional market traders, supermarkets, export agents, and consumers. The added value obtained by fishing entities is MYR (Ringgit Malaysia) 1,061, with an added value ratio of 4.38% for one fish production, amounting to MYR 20,758 or 45.67%, a canned tuna processing entity of MYR 5,940 or 19.6%, a tuna fillet processing entity of MYR 8,485 or 25.91%, a traditional market trader entity of MYR 3,758 or 24.8%, canned tuna supermarket entity of MYR 561 or 15.41% tuna fillet supermarket entity in the amount of MYR 107 or 3.05% and an export agent entity of MYR 15,151 with a value-added ratio of 25%. Of all the entities that get the most significant added value, the fresh tuna processing entity amounting to MYR 20,758 per week.

Risk Analysis of Supply Chain Food Loss on Fishery Products Using Failure Mode Effect and Supply Chain Operation Reference Model

One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) currently rife is Global Food Loss and Waste. This Food Loss and Food Waste (FLFW) harms the environmental and economic sectors. FLFW occurs a lot in the food supply chain, especially in the fishery product. There are potential risks in each process for each stakeholder. So this study tries to prioritize FLFW reduction actions by using the integration of risk measurement and the supply chain operation reference model (SCOR). Risk management is carried out to identify and prioritize FLFW risks. The actor analysis identify the characteristic of the actors such as their needs, problems, and characters. Data selection used the purposive technique. The data were collected by investigators through depth interviews. The result of this method is a risk analysis metric to find out the critical risks. It was expected to be considerations to develop policy recommendations in reducing the level of FLFW in the fishery supply chain using SCOR and risk analysis (FMEA). We found that the highest risk for fishers is Poor quality of cold storage after fishing (R3); the highest risks for collectors are Poor quality of cold storage (R5) and Long storage time (R7); The highest risk for The tuna processing company is Unclean cold storage (R16).

DNA sequencing shows that tropical tuna species misidentification can be an underestimated issue in fish landings

Taxonomic identification of food is a key component to the correct implementation of traceability pipelines during fish processing. Genetic methods have increased exponentially our discrimination power at the species level. In this context, sustainable management of tuna fisheries can clearly profit from the implementation of this kind of quality control procedures, although they are more difficult to implement at the earlier stages of tuna processing, from harvest to the arrival of fish landings at a processing plant. Here we provide a case study using tuna landings to a processing plant in Cabo Verde, an important small island developing State, which supplies mainly the European Union region. Using DNA sequencing based species identification of tissue samples, we found a taxonomic miss-assignment of species identity in 33% of the individuals in the three target tuna species, Bigeye ( Thunus obesus ), Yellowfin ( Thunus albacares ), and Skipjack ( Katsuwonus pelamis ). More than half of Yellowfin samples were wrongly assigned as bigeyes or skipjacks. We also found that many bigeyes were wrongly assigned as yellowfins or skipjacks. None of the skipjacks were incorrectly assigned. The proportion of Yellowfin samples incorrectly assigned as bigeye was significantly higher than the samples of bigeye incorrectly assigned as yellowfins. These results clearly prove the need for improved traceability processes, which should encompass the whole processing pipeline, from harvesting to the consumer. • DNA sequencing found issues of species traceability on tuna landings in Cabo Verde. • Miss-assignment of species identity occurred in 33% of the tuna individuals. • Miss-assignment did not occur in Skipjack tunas, only in Yellowfin and Bigeye tunas.

Value added analysis on the processing of frozen tuna in PT. Kelola Mina Laut at Ocean Fishing Port of Kendari Southeast Sulawesi

Tuna is one of the important economical fishery commodities exported in frozen form. One of the companies that develops a frozen tuna processing business in Kendari City is the company PT. Manage Mina Laut Kendari Ocean Fishing Port This study aims to analyze how much added value pt. Manage Mina Laut in March 2022. This research uses the case study method with data collection through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. Interviews wre conducted to respondents consisting of one company manager and 3 representatives of each employee division and one supervisor of PT Kelola Mina Laut. The analysis used is a quantitative analysis, namely the added value obtained is calculated using the formula NTP (Product Added Value) = NP – Na (NTP = Product Added Value, NP = Product Value, and Na = Intermediate Cost Value). Production in this study was calculated for 26 times a month as carried out by the company. The results showed that the average added value of the product was IDR 28,939,353/production with a value-added ratio of 26.91% for each production cycle. The added value obtained by PT. Kelola Mina Laut at PPS Kendari was low. It is necessary to increase the amount of production with careful consideration on raw materials and packaging. The high price of raw materials and plastic packaging contributes to the suboptimal added value

Nanoparticles Based on Chondroitin Sulfate from Tuna Heads and Chitooligosaccharides for Enhanced Water Solubility and Sustained Release of Curcumin.

This study aimed to separate chondroitin sulfate (CS) from the heads of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), by-products derived from canned tuna processing, via a biological process. The use of 1% w/w papain and an incubation time of 48 h resulted in a degree of hydrolysis of 93.75 ± 2.94% and a CS content of 59.53 ± 1.77 mg/100 g. The FTIR spectra of extracted CS products exhibited identical functional groups found in commercially available CS. The molecular weights of CS extracted from skipjack and yellowfin tuna heads were 11.0 kDa and 7.7 kDa, respectively. Subsequently, a CH:CS ratio of 3:2 for CS and chitooligosaccharides (CH) was chosen as the optimal ratio for the preparation of spherical nanoparticles, with %EE, mean particle size, PDI, and zeta potential values of 50.89 ± 0.66%, 128.90 ± 3.29 nm, 0.27 ± 0.04, and -12.47 ± 2.06, respectively. The CU content was enhanced to 127.21 ± 1.66 μg/mL. The release of CU from this particular nanosystem involved mainly a drug diffusion mechanism, with a burst release in the first 3 h followed by a sustained release of CU over 24 h. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity results confirmed the efficient encapsulation of CU into CHCS nanoparticles. This study will provide a theoretical basis for CS derived from tuna head cartilages to be used as a functional component with specific functional properties in food and biomedical applications.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Sadeng Gunungkidul melalui Pengolahan Ikan Tuna

The coast of Sadeng Beach is a large potential for marine and fishery resources, which is, one of the potentials is tuna fish commodities. However, the utilization of these resources is still not optimal. The limited use of technology has hampered the processing and marketing of the products, resulting in a decrease in the economic value of tuna products. This Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) activity aims to boost community development by empowering the processing of marine fish products. So that, they become products that are worth selling higher. Empowerment carried out includes the provision of materials, equipment, and training in the manufacture of processed tuna products aimed at self-reliance and community self-reliance. The training covers how to process tuna raw materials from start to finish which includes raw material preparation, storage, additional seasoning, packaging, and distribution. The activity was carried out in Pucung Village, Girisubo District, Gunungkidul Regency by involving members of the Usaha Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga Sejahtera (UPPKS) Harapan. The method used in this activity is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method which involves active community participation and empowerment. Activities include providing materials and practices for processing tuna fish into tuna cracker products, tuna nuggets, and tuna tofu. The program impacts increasing knowledge and skills of tuna fish processing for empowering partners. Through this activity, the women of the UPPKS Harapan group can contribute economically to the household. The training activities were held on June 11 2022 for the assistance stage for the introduction of tuna processing materials, June 12-October 2022 for product marketing assistance, November 2 2022 assistance for creating social media content until the final evaluation stage is ongoing.

Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Sulfated Polysaccharides Extraction Residue of Tuna Processing By-Products with Bioactive and Functional Properties.

The ethanol-induced precipitation after enzymatic hydrolysis commonly used for sulfated polysaccharide extraction from marine resources wastes a large amount of proteins. Here, possible extraction of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from the ethanol residue of sulfated polysaccharide precipitation from head, bone, and skin of skipjack tuna is investigated. Antioxidant, antibacterial, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and functional properties of the recovered FPHs are also evaluated. A degree of hydrolysis of 40.93, 38.13, and 37.23 is achieved for FPH from head, bone, and skin, respectively. FPH from the head presents the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity as well as foam/emulsion capacity among all the FPHs. The FPHs are all able to inhibit three Gram-positive bacteria and three Gram-negative bacteria to varying degrees and have a water solubility >65%. Altogether, the resultsdemonstrate great potential for recovery of bioactive/functional peptides from the residue of sulfated polysaccharide extraction process enabling efficient biorefining of aquatic resources.

Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs: Preparation, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability against Thermal, pH, and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Treatments.

Cardiac arterial bulbs of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) are rich in elastin, and its hydrolysates are high quality raw materials for daily cosmetics. In order to effectively utilizing Skipjack tuna processing byproducts-cardiac arterial bulbs and to prepare peptides with high antioxidant activity, pepsin was selected from six proteases for hydrolyzing proteins, and the best hydrolysis conditions of pepsin were optimized. Using ultrafiltration and chromatographic methods, eleven antioxidant peptides were purified from protein hydrolysate of tuna cardiac arterial bulbs. Four tripeptides (QGD, PKK, GPQ and GLN) were identified as well as seven pentapeptides (GEQSN, GEEGD, YEGGD, GEGER, GEGQR, GPGLM and GDRGD). Three out of them, namely the tripeptide PKK and the pentapeptides YEGGD and GPGLM exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and superoxide anion assays. They also showed to protect plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, they exhibited high stability under temperature ranged from 20-100 °C, pH values ranged from 3-11, and they simulated gastrointestinal digestion for 240 min. These results suggest that the prepared eleven antioxidant peptides from cardiac arterial bulbs, especially the three peptides PKK, YEGGD, and GPGLM, could serve as promising candidates in health-promoting products due to their high antioxidant activity and their stability.

Physicochemical and rheological properties of interacted protein hydrolysates derived from tuna processing by‐products with sodium alginate

SummaryThe physicochemical properties of tuna protein hydrolysates were enhanced by interaction with sodium alginate. The increase in emulsifying capacity and stability was from 50 to 150 m2 g−1 and from 36 to 49 min, respectively. The increase in foaming capacity and stability was from 100% to 140% and from 65% to 70%, respectively. The reason for the increased physicochemical properties was the reduced zeta potential level of tuna protein hydrolysates after interaction with sodium alginate. The change in internal structure of tuna protein hydrolysates after interaction with sodium alginate was determined by SEM and FTIR. The SEM results showed that a net cross‐linking structure was formed from a sheet structure after the tuna protein hydrolysates interacted with sodium alginate. FTIR demonstrated that parts of the β‐sheet of tuna protein hydrolysates were changed into an irregular coiled structure or α‐helix after interaction with sodium alginate. In order to understand the interacted complex better, the rheological properties of interacted tuna protein hydrolysates with sodium alginate were further determined. In this study, the one‐step was developed, easy‐to‐operate and cost‐effective process that can further add value to tuna protein hydrolysates derived from tuna processing by‐products.

Deploying two-stage anaerobic process to co-digest greasy sludge and waste activated sludge for effective waste treatment and biogas recovery

High-strength waste activated sludge (WAS) and greasy sludge (GS) were largely generated from canned tuna processing. This study reports the performance of the two-stage anaerobic process for co-digesting WAS and GS. Various WAS:GS mixing ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:00 (volatile solids (VS) basis) were investigated in batch acidogenic stage at ambient (30 °C ± 3 °C), 55 °C, and 60 °C temperatures. Subsequently, the effluents from the first stage were used to produce methane in the second methanogenic stage at an ambient temperature. The highest methane yield of 609 mL CH4/g-VSadded was achieved using acidogenic effluents generated from a WAS:GS mixing ratio of 40:60 at an ambient temperature. The first-order kinetic constants (k) for the first (k1) and second (k2) stages were subsequently estimated to be 0.457 d−1 and 0.139 d−1, respectively. The obtained k constants were further used to predict the hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the two continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) in series. Consequently, the calculated 4-day HRT and 20-day HRT for 50-L CSTR1 and 250-L CSTR2, respectively, were used to operate the continuous two-stage process at an ambient temperature by feeding with a 40:60-WAS:GS mixing ratio. A satisfactory methane yield of 470-mL CH4/g-VS along with 75% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was generated. Furthermore, the predicted methane yield of 450-mL CH4/g-VS obtained from the simple kinetic CSTR model resembled the experimental yield with 96% accuracy. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that WAS and GS co-digestion could be successfully accomplished using a practical two-stage anaerobic process operated at an ambient temperature.

Preparation, Characterization, and Cytoprotective Effects on HUVECs of Fourteen Novel Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Tuna Processing By-Products.

To effectively utilize skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) processing by-products to prepare peptides with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Neutrase was selected from five kinds of protease for hydrolyzing skipjack tuna dark muscle, and its best hydrolysis conditions were optimized as enzyme dose of 1.6%, pH 6.7, and temperature of 50°C using single factor and response surface experiments. Subsequently, 14 novel ACEi peptides were prepared from the high ACEi protein hydrolysate and identified as TE, AG, MWN, MEKS, VK, MQR, MKKS, VKRT, IPK, YNY, LPRS, FEK, IRR, and WERGE. MWN, MEKS, MKKS, and LPRS displayed significantly ACEi activity with IC50 values of 0.328 ± 0.035, 0.527 ± 0.030, 0.269 ± 0.006, and 0.495 ± 0.024 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, LPRS showed the highest increasing ability on nitric oxide (NO) production among four ACEi peptides combining the direct increase and reversing the negative influence of norepinephrine (NE), and MKKS showed the highest ability on directly decreasing and reversing the side effects of NE on the secretion level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) among four ACEi peptides. These findings demonstrate that seafood by-product proteins are potential ACEi peptide sources and prepared ACEi peptides from skipjack tuna dark muscle, which are beneficial components for functional food against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI USAHA PENGOLAHAN PRODUKSI ABON IKAN TUNA DI DESA LAPANG BARAT KABUPATEN BIREUEN

The solution offered to partners' problems in managing tuna production is an effort to increase partners' income so that they can produce better tuna in quality and quantity. Second, with modern technology in the production of shredded tuna by providing better packaging so that consumers are more interested, the abon processing business can create independent economic income. Problems faced by partners include the lack of processing facilities that meet industrial standards, the need for good business management, and ineffective marketing by partners. The results of this service provide solutions for standard ergonomics that are used, and the processing site must be really comfortable to use and sterile as well as good and sterile tuna processing methods, provide material on business management, including management procedures starting from the process of providing raw materials, processing production and financial management by recording cash inflows and outflows. Furthermore, there is marketing in the sale of shredded tuna by using marketing strategies such as WhatsApp and the web to reach partners based on social media. The results of this service are: the creation of an ideal shredded tuna fish production business; second management (governance) of shredded tuna production, processed fish that meets standards, modern marketing processes, and proper targeted shredded tuna processing, as well as increasing partner income.

Characterization of the Flavor Profile of Bigeye Tuna Slices Treated by Cold Plasma Using E-Nose and GC-IMS

To avoid heat, treatment induces numerous physicochemical changes under severe conditions in the tuna, cold plasma (CP), as a non-thermal technology, possess objective potential on tuna processing. The effect of cold plasma on the volatile flavor compounds of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) sashimi has been evaluated using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). GC–IMS results revealed a total of 33 volatile compounds in tuna slices. The effect of CP treatment on tuna flavor was not significant, furthermore CP could protect volatile freshness compounds such as 1-hexanol. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the E-nose and GC–IMS results could effectively differentiate the effect of storage to tuna sashimi. There was a high correlation between the E-nose and GC–IMS results, providing a theoretical basis for establishing the flavor fingerprint of tuna sashimi.