Tumor Markers Research Articles

Short-term Outcomes of Robot-assisted Colectomy Using the Overlap Method for Right-sided Colon Cancer.

The recent development of minimally invasive surgery has led to transition from laparoscopic right colectomy (LC) to robot-assisted right colectomy (RC) in Japan. However, it is unclear whether the introduction of RC in municipal hospitals could be as safe as that in high-volume centers in Japan. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to compare the short-term operative outcomes of RC and LC for right colon cancer at a local municipal hospital in Japan. Patients with stage I-IV right colon cancer who underwent elective RC or LC between January 2021 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with double cancer and those who underwent delta anastomosis were excluded. Postoperative surveillance included patient interviews, physical examinations, tumor marker examinations, and whole-body computed tomography every six months. Forty patients were analyzed, and 24 (60%) and 16 (40%) patients assigned in the LC and RC groups, respectively, were compared. The operative time, bleeding, postoperative complications, and pathological examinations did not differ significantly between the LC and RC groups. RC using overlapping anastomoses was comparable to LC in terms of short-term operative outcomes. The introduction of RC with overlapping anastomosis is a feasible surgical technique.

Clinical and Genetic Mechanisms in Patients with MC2R Deficiency Presenting with Early Puberty.

Melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R) in the adrenal cortex controls the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The melanocortin system, influenced by leptin, regulates GnRH neurons, crucial for puberty onset and fertility. This study evaluates early puberty in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) patients due to MC2R gene alterations. Seven patients with PAI (P1-P7) from five unrelated families, all presenting with early or precocious puberty, were included. MC2R deficiency diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 11 months. MKRN3, DLK1, KISS1, and KISS1R genes were analyzed using Sanger sequencing in four cases (P2,P4,P6 and P7). All clinical data were obtained retrospectively. Puberty onset mean age was 8.6 years (7.4-9.5) in boys (P1, P2, P3, P7) and 8.5 years (7.4-9.5) in girls (P4, P5, P6). Tumor markers were negative; no adrenal rest or tumors were found. GnRH analogs were used for rapid puberty in P2, P3, P6. Final height in P1 and P2 was below target (-2.6 SDS, -0.7 SDS). Menarche occurred at 11 and 11.3 years in P4 and P5. No pathogenic variants were found. Genetic causes of early puberty were not identified. Elevated ACTH may stimulate kisspeptin neurons, triggering puberty. Close monitoring of these patients for pubertal development is recommended.

Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen specificity using microwave biosensor with machine learning

Early diagnosis and screening of tumor markers are essential for effective cancer treatment and improve the treatment efficiency and prognosis of tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this study, a split-ring resonator circuit based on an interdigital electrode structure was developed and applied to microwave biosensors along with machine learning to detect extremely low concentrations of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). CEA was detected using a microwave sensor operating at a resonance frequency of 4.33 GHz. When the microwave sensor is exposed to CEA analytes, it generates a new frequency in the range of 1–2 GHz. The position and intensity of the newly generated frequency can be used to characterize and predict the concentration of the CEA solution. The proposed sensor exhibits excellent resonance linearity for various concentrations of CEA (R2 = 0.999), as well as a very low detection limit (39 pg/mL) and high sensitivity (27.5 MHz/(ng/mL)). A machine learning approach was implemented to predict the CEA concentration in blood samples. The results showed close concurrence with the CEA concentration detected by the sensor. Western Blot (WB) was used to compare the CEA contents of four different cell types, and a biosensor was used for validation; the results of the two experiments showed good agreement. This is the first demonstration of the validation of biosensor reliability at the cellular level. The proposed concept exhibits outstanding detection performance with convenient and rapid tumor marker detection. Hence, it has important implications as an auxiliary diagnosis method for cancer.

LINC00365 as a potential biomarker for total nephrectomy in advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma patients

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most frequent urological cancers globally that has a good prognosis in the early tumor stages. However, there is a poor prognosis in metastatic RCC patients. Therefore, it is needed to evaluate the molecular biology of RCC progression to introduce the efficient diagnostic and therapeutic markers in these patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have key roles in regulation of molecular mechanisms during RCC progression. In the present study, we assessed the levels of LINC00365 expressions in RCC patients to suggest that as a tumor marker in these patients. MethodsFifty fresh RCC tumor tissues and their normal margins were collected to assess the levels of LINC00365 expressions and probable correlations with clinicopathological features of RCC patients. ResultsThere was significant LINC00365 up regulation in females compared with males (p=0.050). Among the RCC patients with total nephrectomy, there was a significant LINC00365 up regulation in advanced stage compared with primary stage tumors (p=0.035). RCC patients older than 60 years old who were undergone the total nephrectomy had also significant LINC00365 up regulation compared with RCC patients younger than 60 years old (p=0.039). Conclusionsgiven the significant increase in LINC00365 expression in advanced stage RCC tumors and patients over 60 years old who had total nephrectomy; it could serve as a useful diagnostic marker in screening programs for old high-risk individuals. It was also noticed that female RCC patients had elevated levels of LINC00365 expressions in their tumor samples, suggesting its potential use as a gender-specific diagnostic marker for high-risk females. Nevertheless, evaluating the levels of LINC00365 in serum samples of RCC patients is necessary to suggest that as a reliable diagnostic marker in clinical settings.

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound classifications – O-RADS US v2022, O-RADS US v2020, and IOTA SR – in distinguishing benign and malignant adnexal masses: Enhanced by combining O-RADS US v2022 with tumor marker HE4

PurposeTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of O-RADS Ultrasound (O-RADS US) v2022, O-RADS US v2020, and IOTA SR, and to evaluate whether combining imaging findings with tumor markers enhances the diagnosis of adnexal masses. MethodsThis retrospective study, conducted between January 2018 and December 2023, included consecutive women with adnexal masses scheduled for surgery. Histopathologic results served as the reference standard. Risk factors for malignancy were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. ROC analysis was employed to assess diagnostic test performances, while Kappa statistics evaluated inter-reviewer agreement. ResultsA total of 613 women (mean age, 49.39 ± 12.81 years; range, 16–87 years) with pelvic masses were included. O-RADS US v2022 exhibited comparable performance to O-RADS US v2020, with areas under the curve (AUC) values of 0.940 and 0.937, respectively (p = 0.02, exceeding the adjusted significance level of 0.0167). Both O-RADS models outperformed the IOTA SR, which had an AUC of 0.862 (p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Multivariate analysis revealed that O-RADS US v2022 [OR 9.148, 95 %CI (4.912–17.039), p < 0.001] and HE4 [OR 1.023, 95 %CI (1.010–1.036), p = 0.001] were significant factors associated with malignant lesions. Furthermore, the combination of O-RADS US v2022 and HE4 demonstrated an AUC of 0.98, significantly outperforming either O-RADS US v2022 alone (AUC = 0.94) or HE4 alone (AUC = 0.92). The Kappa values for O-RADS US v2022, O-RADS US v2020 and IOTA SR were 0.933, 0.891 and 0.923, respectively, indicating substantial inter-reader agreement. ConclusionsThe O-RADS US v2022 demonstrates comparable performance in predicting ovarian malignant lesions when compared to O-RADS US v2020, while surpassing the performance of IOTA SR. Additionally, the combination of O-RADS US v2022 and HE4 provides improved diagnostic effectiveness over using either O-RADS US v2022 or HE4 alone.

Protective Effects of Plum on Liver and Gut Injury in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), a persistent liver condition associated with metabolic syndrome, is primarily caused by excessive fructose intake and a typical Western diet. Because there is currently only one approved treatment, lifestyle and dietary interventions are crucial. This study assessed the effects of dietary intervention involving freeze-dried plum (FDP), a natural source of antioxidants containing diverse polyphenols. This study aimed to assess its potential as a protective agent against the gut-liver axis and its therapeutic effects on liver injury and gut permeability issues associated with MASLD. We indicate that 10% FDP intake restored gut barrier proteins and reduced serum endotoxin levels in the MASLD mouse models. Additionally, 10% FDP intake significantly reduced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and fibrosis marker levels. Interestingly, FDP intake significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α and markers of liver damage, such as serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic triglycerides. These results highlight that dietary intervention with FDP that acts as a natural antioxidant may be a significant protective and therapeutic agent against liver and gut damage caused by MASLD.

Current Management and Awareness of Hepatitis Coinfection in HIV Care: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in Japan

BackgroundLiver disease remains a significant concern for people living with HIV (PLWH), especially in those with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. This study assessed the prevalence of viral hepatitis coinfections and evaluated the current state of hepatitis management by HIV care providers in Japan. MethodsThis single-center, retrospective, observational study analyzed data from PLWH treated with antiretroviral therapy between April 1, 2023 and March 31, 2024. Data included demographics, ART regimen, hepatitis status, and screening practices of 811 PLWH treated with antiretroviral therapy. ResultsThe median age of the study population was 48 years, and 97.8% were men. The HBV status was as follows: chronic HBV, 6.5%; clinical remission, 34.0%; uninfected, 30.9%; unknown, 14.2%. The HCV antibody positivity rate was 3.2%. Substantial gaps in hepatitis screening and monitoring were identified. Specifically, we found inadequate rates of abdominal ultrasound examinations and HCC screening among patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection. Moreover, only 71.7% of patients chronically infected with HBV and 61.5% with HCV underwent abdominal ultrasound examinations in the preceding 12 months—only 5.7% and 3.8% of the participants in these groups had had received tumor marker testing in the previous 12 months. ConclusionThere are challenges in hepatitis and HCC screening and monitoring among patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection in Japan. These findings underscore the need to improve adherence to clinical practice guidelines and implement integrated care models to enhance hepatitis management in PLWH.

A molecular viewpoint of the intricate relationships among HNSCC, HPV infections, and the oral microbiota dysbiosis

HPV infection and the type of host microbiota play a role in the formation of HNCs. In contrast to other forms of OSCC, where the relationship between HPV and the cancer is less obvious, HPV-HNSCC is a particular type of oropharyngeal cancer. HPV has infected a stratified squamous epithelium, which includes the throat, mouth, anogenital tract, respiratory tract, and skin on the hands and feet. HPV DNA was found in high amounts in the saliva and gargle samples of patients with HPV-related HNSCC. It has been discovered that the specificity of oral mRNA (HPV) and HPV DNA identification varies from 23 % to 82 % in the identification of OPSCCs. The higher rate of HPV transmission through vaginal-oral compared to penile-oral sexual activity may be the reason for the difference in HPV-positive HNSCC patients between males and females. The researchers postulate that HPV-inactive tumours signify an advanced stage of HPV-positive HNSCC, which explains why there are racial disparities in gene expression that correspond to different disease progressions in Black and White patients. The increase of CD8+ T cells in the cancer microenvironment, linked to P16 activation, extends life expectancy in OSCC. tumour markers methylation caused by HPV and suggested using them as possible HNC biomarkers. Fusobacterium levels are much higher in patients with OSCC, while Actinobacteria phylum and Firmicutes are significantly lower. It also serves as a biomarker for notable variations found in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteriales, Fusobacteriia, Fusobacterium, and Fusobacteriaceae. Therefore, based on this we evidence, we could investigate the role of oral microbiota as a maker for the HPV associated HNSCC.

Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Dual-Ligand Functionalized Lanthanide-Encapsulated Polyoxometalate Conductive Polymer Film for Detecting Broad-Spectrum Tumor Marker MicroRNA-155.

In this work, a dual-ligand functionalized lanthanide-encapsulated selenotungstate [H2N(CH3)2]16Na2H10[Ho6(H2O)10(HPACA)4W10O28(Ac)2][SeW9O33]6 · 60H2O (1, HPACA = 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid, HAc = acetic acid) was successfully acquired by simultaneously incorporating rigid HPACA and flexible Ac- ligands to one reaction system. Interestingly, the polyanion [Ho6(H2O)10(HPACA)4W10O28(Ac)2][SeW9O33]628- of 1 is composed of six trivacant Keggin-type [B-α-SeW9O33]8- units interconnected through an organic-inorganic hybrid dual-ligand bimetallic [Ho6(H2O)10(HPACA)4W10O28(Ac)2]20+ cluster. Moreover, the 1@PNMPy film (PNMPy = poly(N-methylpyrrole)) was successfully prepared through an electrochemical polymerization strategy. The doping of 1 significantly narrows the bandgap in the 1@PNMPy film, which enables the 1@PNMPy film to exhibit remarkable conductivity and rapid electron transfer capability. Then, the 1@PNMPy film-modified glassy carbon electrode was used to construct a 1@PNMPy-based electrochemical biosensor (ECBS), which achieves sensitive electrochemical detection (a low limit of detection of 0.108 fM and a wide concentration detection range of 10-8-10-15 M) for broad-spectrum tumor marker microRNA-155. Also, the 1@PNMPy-based ECBS has a good specific recognition performance for microRNA-155 in a variety of interfering media. The research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the synthetic chemistry of multicomponent polyoxometalate (POM)-based materials but also can further expand innovative applications of multicomponent POM-based materials in electrochemical detection and electrochemical devices.

A Novel Scale for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules: A Multicenter and Ambispective Cohort Study.

A screening tool was devised to aid the diagnosis and treatment of ground-glass nodules (GGNs). The current ambispective cohort study included retrospective collation of 20 variables synthesizing a patient's clinical characteristics, serum tumor markers, and CT results, which allowed division into noninvasive (benign, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma insitu) and invasive (minimally invasive and invasive adenocarcinomas) tumors to build a prediction nomogram and GGN screening scale. The model was verified internally. A prospective cohort of patients was randomly divided by envelope method into those assessed by the GGN screening scale and those assessed via CT values. The diagnostic efficiencies were compared to allow external verification of the model. A total of 223 patients with 225 GGNs were recruited into the retrospective cohort between January 2021 and December 2022. Multivariable analysis showed sex, diameter, air bronchogram, and vessel convergence sign to be independent factors for prediction of noninvasive and invasive GGNs. Internal verification showed the model had a sensitivity of 70.7% and specificity of 75.0% with the Youden index at 0.457 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.793 (95% CI: 0.734-0.852). Calibration curves indicated good internal stability (p = 0.357). Between January 2023 and March 2023, 147 patients with 148 GGNs were recruited into the prospective cohort. External verification showed the model had a sensitivity of 92.4% and specificity of 40.0% with the Youden index at 0.324 and AUC of 0.678 (95% CI: 0.509-0.847). Calibration curves indicated good external stability (p = 0.088). The scale was shown to have a sensitivity of 75.00%, specificity of 37.50%, positive predictive value of 91.53%, negative predictive value of 14.29%, and accuracy of 71.25%. The GGN screening scale has high sensitivity and accuracy, making it suitable for diagnosis of GGNs.

Development and validation of a tumor marker-based model for the prediction of lung cancer: an analysis of a multicenter retrospective study in Shanghai, China.

The incidence and mortality rates of cancer are the highest globally. Developing novel methodologies that precisely, safely, and economically differentiate between benign and malignant lung conditions holds immense clinical importance. This research seeks to construct a predictive model utilizing a combination of diverse biomarkers to effectively discriminate between benign and malignant lung diseases. This retrospective study included patients admitted to the two general hospitals in Shanghai from 2014 to 2015. This study was developed using five tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CA211), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and neuron specific enolase (NSE). The entire sample was divided into two groups according to the hospital: 1033 cases were included in the development cohort and 300 cases in the validation cohort. Logistic regression analysis was used for univariate analysis to explore individual correlations between each selected clinical variable and lung cancer diagnostic outcome. Diagnostic prediction models were constructed and validated based on independent prognostic factors identified using multifactorial analysis. A nomogram was created using these tumor markers (age and sex were additionally included) and validated using the concordance index and calibration curves. Clinical prediction models were evaluated using decision curve analysis. Fully adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer was 2.38 times higher in men than in women. CEA positivity was associated with an 13.41-fold increased risk in lung cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the development cohort and validation cohort models were 0.907 and 0.954, respectively. In the established nomogram, the AUC for the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.907 (95% CI, 0.889-0.925). The validation model confirmed the strong discriminative power of the nomogram (AUC = 0.954). The described calibration curves demonstrated good fit predictions and observation probabilities. In addition, decision curve analysis concluded that the newly established nomogram has important implications for clinical decision making. Combined prediction models based on CEA, CA199, CA211, SCC, and NSE biomarkers could significantly the differentiation between benign and malignant lung diseases, thus facilitating better clinical decision making.

An ingenious electrochemical system based on naphthalenediimide derivatives for ultrasensitive immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein

It is crucial to develop highly efficient electrochemistry systems for sensitive detection of tumour markers. In this work, naphthalenediimide derivatives with electrochemical application potential were successfully synthesized and characterized. Electrochemistry and calculation of density functional theory (DFT) showed that 2,7-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)benzo[lmn] [3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NDI-1) was an ideal candidate for electrochemical probe construction. Subsequently, based on the cyclic catalytic effect between NDI-1 and K2S2O8, a satisfying composite of GO/NDI-1/AuNPs was prepared and used to construct electrochemical probe for the design of ingenious sandwiched electrochemical immunosensor. Taking alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as the model target biomarker, the designed immunosensor showed good detection performance for AFP, which exhibited wide range of linear response (10 fg/mL - 10 ng/mL), low detection limit (3.3 fg/mL). Moreover, the proposed immunosensor has been successfully applied to AFP detection in human serum, which provides the possibility for clinical applications. The designed electrochemical system provides a new electrochemical probe for the construction of immunosensors and may be extended to the electroanalysis of other biomolecules with recognition units.

TNFRSF11B promotes the progression of bladder cancer through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

TNFRSF11B contributes to tumorigenesis in many malignancies. Nevertheless, its function and underlying tumorigenic mechanism in bladder cancer (BC) has been rare.The clinical significance and relevant signaling pathway of TNFRSF11B in BC were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. The determination of TNFRSF11B expression was conducted in bladder tissues and BC cells. BC cells were subjected to functional experiments to evaluate their ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Cell apoptosis experiments were conducted. The protein levels of markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and molecules linked to the PI3K/AKT pathway were assessed. To evaluate the effect of the PI3K/AKT pathway on TNFRSF11B, LY294002, a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor, was utilized. TNFRSF11B exhibited significant upregulation in both BC tissues and various cell lines. Inhibited TNFRSF11B expression impeded the growth, movement, infiltration of BC cells. Conversely, the ultimate outcome varied when TNFRSF11B was overexpressed. In vivo assay further confirmed the above results. Furthermore, TNFRSF11B promoted malignant traits by controlling the PI3K/AKT pathway. In BC, TNFRSF11B exhibits elevated expression levels and has a substantial tumor-promoting role in BC via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, TNFRSF11B may represent a valuable prognostic tumor marker for BC treatment.

Role of Serum Alpha-fetoprotein in Assessing the Resectability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Serum AFP is a well-established tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which has already proved its acceptability in confirming the diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of HCC. Objective: The current study is aimed to evaluate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein in assessing the resectability of HCC. Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study done from September 2020 to August 2021 at the department of Hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and liver transplantation surgery at BSMMU. A total of 27 HCC patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings were obtained using a standardized data collecting sheet with the patients' informed agreement. AFP was measured by automated chemiluminescence analyzer (LIAISON XL, DiaSorin, Italy) in the Department of Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Biology, BSMMU. Based on the ROC curve of this study, the patients were divided into group 1 with AFP levels 38.45 ng/ml and group 2 with AFP levels &gt;38.45 ng/ml. According to the resectable criteria (TNM stage: I, II, BCLC stage: 0, A, B, CTP grade: A, B, ECOG PS: 0) established for the study, each AFP group was further subdivided into resectable and unresectable subgroups. Finally, the parameters (tumor size, number, location, CTP grade, fibrosis score, performance status, HBV positive, HBV DNA, BCLC and TNM stage) of the resectable and unresectable patients in each AFP group were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation and examined using an unpaired t-test. The qualitative data were represented by frequencies and percentages, and the Chi-Square test and Fisher exact test (where applicable) were used to determine any correlation. The statistical tests were conducted with a 95% confidence interval, and P0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: In this study, thirty seven percent (37%) patients ...........

Epithelioid (Histiocytoid) hemangioma of the testis: A case report and literature review of a rare benign tumor.

Testicular hemangioma is a rare benign vascular neoplasm originating from the inner layer of the tunica albuginea, predominantly affecting the pediatric population and often associated with hemangiomas in other organs. Histopathologically can be categorized into four types, including capillary, cavernous, papillary endothelial hyperplasia, and epithelioid (histiocytoid). We report a case of a 24-year-old presenting with left inguinal pain, diagnosed with an epithelioid (histiocytoid) hemangioma of the testis. Diagnostic evaluation included scrotal doppler ultrasonography, which revealed a small, hypoechoic formation with evident vascularization. Serum tumor markers were within normal limits. Surgical excision via testis-sparing surgery (TSS) was performed based on frozen section analysis. A literature review underscores the rarity of testicular histiocytoid hemangiomas. Advancements in diagnostic technique have improved the accuracy of diagnosis and allowed for more conservative surgical approaches, preserving fertility and minimizing long-term adverse effects. In conclusion, while testicular hemangiomas may present characteristic features on ultrasound, frozen section examination remains crucial in guiding surgical decision-making. TSS offers significant advantages over traditional excisional surgery, including reduced morbidity and preservation of cancer control, making it an essential option in the management of testicular hemangiomas, particularly in young patients concerned about fertility preservation.

Diagnostic value of salivary tumor markers in breast, lung and ovarian cancer

Background: Breast and ovarian cancers, the most common cancers in women are expected to rise in the next decade. Ovarian cancer is a "silent killer" because of its heterogeneity and asymptomatic early stage. It is currently the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women, making it the most deadly gynecological malignancy. Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of salivary tumor markers in breast, Lung and Ovarian cancer Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at General Hospital Lahore, Pakistan, which was performed between September 2023 to July 2024, The total number of patients in our study were 120. The number of female patients in our study were 120. For all patients, we did diagnostic tests, blood test and Biopsies. We also took the stages of cancer for breast, lung and ovary. We took the symptoms and causes for all patients. We excluded children and pregnant women in our study. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 27. Result: In a current study total 120 patients were enrolled. The minimum age of patients were 47 years and the maximum age of the patients were 63 years. The mean age were 54.15±5.354 years. The minimum BMI (Kg/m2) of patients were 31 years and the maximum BMI of the patients were 39 years. The mean BMI were 34.60±2.468 (Kg/m2). The frequency of breast cancer in situ were 3 patients and nill patients were 75 and its percentage were 62%. The breast cancer stage I were present in 12 patients , stage II were 24 patients and Stage III were 6 Patients. P-value were less than 0.04. The frequency of nil patients number in lung cancer were 90 and its percentage were 75%. The frequency of stage I lung cancer were 6 , stage II were 12, stage III were 6 and stage IV were 6 and its percentage were 5%. P-value were &lt;0.02. The frequency of metastasis PM1 in the lung were 5 and in the ovary were 2. Over all P-Value in our study were &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Saliva would be an excellent diagnostic tool to help cancer patients live longer and with better quality of life. Saliva-omics prove to be a good diagnostic tool for ovarian cancer at early stage. In our study Metastasis PM1 were more in lung as compared to breast and ovary

AI predictive modeling of survival outcomes for renal cancer patients undergoing targeted therapy.

Renal clear cell cancer (RCC) is a complex disease that is challenging to predict patient outcomes. Despite improvements with targeted therapy, personalized treatment planning is still needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help address this challenge by developing predictive models that accurately forecast patient survival periods. With AI-powered decision support, clinicians can provide patients with tailored treatment plans, enhancing treatment efficacy and quality of life. The study analyzed 267 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma, focusing on 26 who received targeted drug therapy. The data was refined by excluding 8 patients without enhanced CT scans. The research team categorized patients into two groups based on their expected lifespan: Group 1 (over 3 years) and Group 2 (under 3 years). The UPerNet algorithm was used to extract features from CT tumor markers, validating their effectiveness. These features were then used to develop an AI-based predictive model trained on the dataset. The developed AI model demonstrated remarkable accuracy, achieving a rate of 93.66% in Group 1 and 94.14% in Group 2. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of AI technology in predicting the survival time of RCC patients undergoing targeted drug therapy. The established prediction model exhibits high predictive accuracy and stability, serving as a valuable tool for clinicians to facilitate the development of more personalized treatment plans for patients. This study highlights the importance of integrating AI technology in clinical decision-making, enabling patients to receive more effective and targeted treatment plans that enhance their overall quality of life.

Extracellular Vesicles May Predict Response to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab has been approved as one of the standards of care for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The median overall survival (OS) upon available treatments still remains below 2 years, urgently suggesting better stratification tools to identify ideal candidates for this treatment and potentially allowing personalized approaches. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel biomarker in patients receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab for HCC. We characterized EVs in 212 longitudinal serum samples from an observational cohort of 53 individuals with advanced HCC, who started therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab at our center between January 2020 and March 2022. In our cohort, the overall efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab was comparable to previously published phase III data. We detected significantly smaller EVs in treatment responders, while enlarged EVs were associated with significantly decreased efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in terms of OS. A decrease in vesicle size during immunotherapy was related to a longer progression-free survival (PFS). A univariate Cox regression analysis including various clinicopathological parameters (e.g., tumor stage, markers of inflammation, organ dysfunction, or tumor markers) revealed vesicle size as an independent prognostic marker in HCC patients receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Moreover, higher vesicle concentrations and lower zeta potentials were identified as a positive prognostic factor throughout treatment. Distinct EV characteristics such as vesicle size, concentration, and zeta potential represent promising novel biomarkers in patients with advanced HCC receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab, potentially helping to identify optimal candidates for checkpoint inhibitor-based treatments.

Ultrasensitive Biosensors Detecting m6A in Blood: Achieving Early Screening and Typing of Tumors.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most widespread RNA modifications in eukaryotes and is involved in cancer development and progression by regulating oncogene expression. Herein, a reticulated rolling circle amplification (RCA) cascade reaction was used to construct a novel electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of m6A, employing ferrocene-tyramine (Fc-Tyr) molecules as electroactive probes. In this strategy, the RCA cascade reaction not only amplifies specific circular DNA in the designed template to reduce the binding with similar nucleic acid sequences but also generates a long ssDNA through multiple repetitions to capture a large number of electrochemical signal probes and achieve the amplification of electrochemical biosensing signals. The developed biosensor demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity toward m6A in the range of 0.5 pM-150 nM, with a detection limit of 14.07 fM. Meanwhile, total RNA extracted from cell samples was analyzed for m6A expression levels using the developed biosensor and a commercial colorimetric immunoassay, the biosensor and immunoassay showed consistent results. In addition, m6A levels in clinical serum samples were assessed using the developed electrochemical biosensor, which showed that m6A expression was much lower in healthy individuals than in cancer patients, therefore the biosensor is promising for cancer typing. This study provides a new method for rapid and convenient tumor marker detection in clinical practice, as well as a new idea for sensitive detection of other biomolecules.

Asymptomatic presentation of giant liver abscess: simultaneous Klebsiella pneumoniae and amoebic infection in an immunocompetent comorbid patient

Liver abscess is a rare clinical entity, giant abscess is also rare and asymptomatic presentation in immune competency is even rare. Simultaneous Klebsiella pneumoniae and amoebic liver abscess is rarely reported in immunocompetent patients, just few articles. Our case, a 69-year-old man was discovered to have hypoechoic liver mass during a scan of the abdomen for evaluation of dysuria. He was hospitalized through ER for advanced assessment. Systemic inquiries of the patient revealed generalized fatigue, constipation, but no fever, chills, abdominal pain or hypotension. Physical examination revealed normal liver span and no right upper quadrant tenderness. Tumor markers were not strikingly high and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed a large area of low attenuation with some liquefaction in the liver. Echo-guided aspiration revealed 220 ml of pus, which grew Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the same organism was isolated from the blood. Cytology examination of the pus showed scattered amoeba. The patient gradually improved over 3 weeks on treatment with meropenem and metronidazole, along with sustained drainage of the abscess cavity. No parasite ova or amoeba were found in the stool. He had no evidence of immunocompromise. Parasitic diseases may be a predisposing factor for bacterial infections, including pyogenic liver abscess. Giant size, possible coexistence of amoebae and bacteria in a liver abscess and asymptomatic presentation should not be discounted.