Tumakuru District Research Articles

Spatial and Temporal Pattern Assessment of Meteorological Drought in Tumakuru District of Karnataka during 1951-2019 using Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Tumakuru district of Karnataka state is situated in the semiarid climatic region which is considered most sensitive area/zone in response to climate change. This study analyses the spatio-temporal changes of meteorological drought in the Tumakuru district during 1951-2019. To understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought, annual and seasonal drought trends were examined using standardized precipitation index. Based on three-seasons, pre-monsoon (January -May), southwest monsoon (June -September), northeast monsoon (October-December) the annual SPI were calculated. Characteristics, classification and the threshold value of drought classes were determined. The correlation between precipitation and SPI was similar and showed the strong correlation. The wettest (1962 & 2006), and driest years (1968,1954, 1965, & 1976) during the study were identified. The higher frequency distribution of the driest years addresses roughly 57% drought years detected for Madhugiri and Tumakuru (1) in SW-monsoon of the total years of study, in pre-monsoon Kunigal have 21.73%, and in NE-monsoon it was 50.72 % at Kunigal. In the district southwest monsoon is long spell rainy season which is contributing 54% of total rainfall and advantageous for early stage of Rabi and maturation of Kharif crops. Maximum evaporation from soil and vegetation measured by potential evaporation which is the criteria of the water consumption by crops. In the event of monsoon failure and very less rainfall during southwest monsoon, farmers could not able to sow new crops and existing rain-fed crops would be decimated.

Variation in the response of ground and satellite-based precipitation products in the interpretation of drought in Tumakuru District, Karnataka

The unpredictable weather phenomenon is a cause for major concern as it brings along with it a series of difficulties. This draws our attention to drought which is one of the reasons of concern and needs to be dealt with in an effective manner. Although the rain gauge stations with a resolution of 250 x 250 provide precipitation data, the emerging satellite products show bigger promise. The valuation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data with the gauge data for 11 stations was conducted over the semi-arid region of Karnataka by means of data comparison and the drought indices such as Percent of Normal (PN), Modified China Z Index (MCZI), and Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). Comparative analysis was carried out for the monthly data using various statistical methods from the year 1998 to 2019. The study focuses on determining the feasibility and reliability of precipitation products in the analysis of drought. There is about 27.13% of similarity amongst the dataset for RAI while only 10.88% of data match for PN index. It was found that the satellite data is most suitable for the large-scale area while there are uncertainties when it comes to regional studies. The outcome of the result aims to provide a qualitative means to carry out drought-related studied and come up with beneficial solutions.

Perception of Farmers towards Custom Hiring Service Centres in Tumakuru District of Karnataka

The study was carried out in Tumakuru district of Karnataka state during the year 2019- 20. Eight taluks and 130 farmers were selected where the Custom Hiring Service Centres were working effectively. The majority of the farmers strongly agreed with helps in overcoming the problem of labour through custom hiring service centre, for visiting farmers field after completion of the work, farmers pays only for the number of acres or number of hours used. The overall perception of farmers indicated that 43.8 % were categorized under favourable level of perception towards CHSC. The small and medium-sized farmers could not possess the modern machinery, due to high hiring charges with private vendors they were unable to take the farm machinery for the rent and some of the large farmers also were in great need of the modern machinery thus they require modern machinery through custom hiring. Hence, extension efforts need to be more strengthened to create awareness among the farming community about the services available in CHSCs.

Evaluating the consistency of the TRMM over the rain gauge for drought monitoring in the semi-arid region of Karnataka, India, using statistical methods

A comparison of the TRMM satellite product and IMD rainfall gridded data is expressed by means of the indices for the study of drought variation in the Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India.

Pesticide residues analysis in farm gate vegetables of agricultural areas in Tumakuru district, Karnataka, India

The main purpose of this experiment was to understand pesticide residues persistence and their toxicity level in vegetables. In the present study pesticide residues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and capsicum (Capsium annuum L.) vegetables cultivated in Tumakuru, Gubbi, Kunigal and Pavagada taluks in Tumkur district were analysed. In methodology, samples of 1 kg each were collected, cut into small pieces, macerated in a grinder and used for the analysis. Pesticides were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed tomato samples of Pavagada recorded acephate (0.346 mg/kg), dichlorvos (0.189 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.057 mg/kg) and Tumakuru samples recorded phorate (0.072 mg/kg) residues higher than MRLs (Maximum residue levels). Chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin-g and cypermethrin were below detection level (BDL) in all the samples. Cyfluthrin-β recorded highest in Kunigal samples (0.294 mg/kg), Tumakuru and Gubbi samples showed BDL. Deltamethrin was highest in Pavagada (0.296 mg/kg) samples and Tumakuru and Kunigal samples revealed BDL. Pavagada samples (0.026 mg/kg) showed monocrotophos residues higher than MRLs. In capsicum samples, acephate residue was highest in Tumakuru samples (0.333 mg/kg), highest chlorpyrifos (0.153 mg/kg) in Kunigal samples, deltamethrin (0.381 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.168 mg/kg) and phorate (0.089 mg/kg) residues were higher than MRLs in Pavagada samples. Cyfluthrin-β (0.045 mg/kg) was high in Tumakuru and dichlorvos (0.042 mg/kg) high in Pavagada samples. Cyhalothrin-g, cypermethrin and monocrotophos were BDL in all the samples. An attempt has been made to assess the different pesticides usage and their adverse impacts on vegetables, which are backbone to afford assistance for an extensive array of investigators.

Awareness on Soil Health Management Scheme by Farmers of Tumakuru District in Karnataka

The present study was carried out in 23 Raitha Samparka Kendras inGubbi ,Kunigal, Madhugiri and Tumakuru taluks of Tumakuru district in Karnataka state to know the extent of awareness of farmers regarding Soil Health Management Scheme (SHMS). Thirty beneficiary farmers of SHMS were randomly selected from 12 RSKs for the study. A pre-tested schedule was used to collect relevant data from the respondents. The results revealed that half of the beneficiary farmers (50.00%) had more awareness about SHMS, whereas one-third (33.33%) and 16.67 per cent of the beneficiary farmers were awareness and less awareness regarding the SHMS, respectively. A vast majority of the farmers were aware of the objectives, interventions, mode of operation, selection criteria of beneficiaries and subsidy on various agricultural inputs pertaining to SHMS.A simple majority of the farmers (53.33%) had contacted Assistant Agricultural Officer for obtaining information on SHMS, while half of the farmers (50.00% each) had contacted Agricultural Officer and Agricultural Assistant for obtaining information regarding SHMS. The results of path analysis revealed that extension agency contact of farmers had direct and indirect effect on the extent of awareness on SHMS. The first, second and third largest indirect effect channelled through is extension agency contact (X9) in the case of five variables, mass media participation (X8) in the case of five variables and education (X1) in the case of three variables, respectively.

Pedometric mapping for soil fertility management – A case study

Information about soil physico-chemical parameters plays an important role in precision farming. To examine the relationship among soil properties, pedometric mapping is essential and has been widely applied in agricultural activities. This paper is aimed at soil nutrient assessment by generating the geospatial distribution maps for Kestur, a village in Tumakuru district of Karnataka State, India. Using random sampling technique, a total of one hundred and sixty geo-coordinated surface (0–20 cm) soil samples were collected from different land cover regions including irrigated and dryland areas in Kestur village. The samples collected were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P as P 2 O 5 ), and potassium (K as K 2 O). Also, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data about demographic profile, farming practices, crops grown and fertilizers applied from each farmer under the study. The spatial distribution maps were generated for each soil property and were mapped using spatial variability by adopting Ordinary Kriging geostatistical method. Semivariogram models such as exponential for pH, spherical model for EC and OC and Gaussian for N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O were used based on the best-fit selection using least Mean Error (ME) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. The outcome of the study proved that the geostatistical methods can be utilized to develop the spatial distribution maps thereby resulting in a cost effective solution to soil fertility management.

Swot Analysis and Suggestions, Opinion of Respondents on Contract Farming

This article focused on the SWOT analysis and suggestions, opinions of respondents on contract farming. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state viz., Bangalore Rural and Tumakuru. Two taluks each from each district, Tumakuru and Gubbi taluks from Tumakuru district, and Nelamangala and Doddaballapura taluks from Bangalore Rural district were selected. A total of three crops were selected purposively, namely Gherkin, Watermelon, Tomato. The respondents were selected based on simple random sampling techniques; the sample size was Gherkin 35, Tomato 35, Watermelon 10, and noncontract farmers 20 from each taluk of two districts.

A Cross-sectional study assessing the Prevalence ofIodine Deficiency Disorders among school children aged6 to 12 years in Tumakuru district of Karnataka

Background Iodine deficiency disorders IDD constitute a major public health problem in India. Deficiency of iodine can cause physical and mental retardation cretinism abortions stillbirth deaf mutism squint amp various types of goitre. Methodology A community ndash based cross section survey was undertaken during the February-March 2019 in Tumakuru district of Karnataka to find out prevalence of goitre estimate urinary iodine excretion in 6-12 years old school children and household salt iodine concentrations. 2875 school children aged 6-12 years were examined for goitre. Urine samples of 270 childrenwere collected for estimation of urinary iodine using Sandell-Kolthoff method. Household salt samples of the 540 selected children from schools were analyzed for its iodine content by standard iodometric titration method. Results The overall prevalence of Goitre was found to be 9.5 among children examined. The median urinary iodine excretion UIE was 104 mugL. All the household salt samples were adequately iodized having Iodine content of gt15ppm. Conclusion Considering prevalence of goitre in 6-12 years children Tumakuru district is lsquoendemicrsquo for IDD. But as inferred from median UIE obtained IDD is not a public health problem of significance. Household level salt is adequately iodized as per NIDDCP recommendations

The Practice of Veerashaivism under Pagonde Palegars of Tumakuru District of Karnataka

The Practice of Veerashaivism under Pagonde Palegars of Tumakuru District of Karnataka

Problems and Constraints of Respondents Involved in Contract Farming

This article focused on the problems and constraints of respondents involved in contract farming. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state viz., Bangalore Rural and Tumakuru. Two taluks each from each districts, Tumakuru and Gubbi taluks from Tumakuru district and Nelamangala and Doddaballapura taluks from Bangalore Rural district were selected.

Impact of Contract Farming on Economic Status of the Farmers Practicing Contract Farming

This article focused on the economic impact of contract farming on respondents who are involved in contract farming. The various economic indicators of impact on contract framers are discussed. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state viz., Bangalore Rural and Tumakuru. Two taluks each from each district, Tumakuru and Gubbi taluks from Tumakuru district and Nelamangala and Doddaballapura taluks from Bangalore Rural district were selected. Total three crops were selected based on simple random sampling techniques; the sample size was Gherkin 35, Tomato 35, Watermelon 10 and non-contract farmers 20 from each taluks of two districts.

Distribution and Ecology of Euglenoids in Selected Lakes of Tumakuru District, Karnataka

Aim: This study deals with the distribution and ecology of euglenoids in relation to physicochemical characteristics of water in four lakes of Tumakuru district.
 Place and Duration of Study: Guluru, Bugudanahalli, Colony and Teeta are the four lakes of Tumakuru district selected for the present study during 2015-17.
 Methodology: Euglenoids function as indicators of aquatic superiority. Composite samples were taken at two feats depth from surface level on monthly basis for the enumeration of euglenoids. Results: A total of ten species under three genera were identified. Guluru lake harboured 46.66% followed by Colony and Teeta lakes 20% each and Bugudanahalli lake with 13.33%. Seasonally all the lakes recorded maximum density of euglenoids during summer except in Colony lake, where they reached their peak during rainy season. Euglenoids showed significant positive correlation with water temperature (r = 0.664: P < 0.05), Sulphate (r = 0.757: P < 0.05) and Silica (r = 0.775: P < 0.05) at 5% level.
 Conclusion: Euglenoids established negative correlation with dissolved oxygen and ammoniacal nitrogen. As the euglenoids serve as pollution indicator organisms, moderate density of euglenoids in the lakes investigated indicates that, lakes are tending towards biologically eutrophic condition.

Study of Chromosome Abnormalities in Pupils attending Special Schools in Tumakuru District and to correlate with Mental Retardation

Study of Chromosome Abnormalities in Pupils attending Special Schools in Tumakuru District and to correlate with Mental Retardation

English

English

Biosorption of Fluoride from Synthetic and Ground Water Using Chlorella vulgaris Immobilized in Calcium Alginate Beads in an Upflow Packed Bed Column

The potential of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris to remove fluoride from synthetic and real ground water samples in a fixed bed was investigated. The effect of important kinetic parameters including column bed height, feed flow rate and influent fluoride concentration of solution on fluoride removal was studied. Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and BDST models were used to analyze the experimental data and understand the influence on biosorption performance. The models’ predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data for all the process parameters studied, indicating that the models were suitable for fixed-bed column design. Fluoride adsorption was reversible. Desorption of fluoride ions was accomplished by pumping 0.1 N HCl solution. The reusability of adsorbent was studied by subjecting column to repeated cycles of fluoride adsorption and desorption. The suitability of immobilized C. vulgaris adsorbent for fluoride removal from ground water samples of Pavagada taluk, Tumakuru district was studied in the packed column.

A Critical Analysis of Farmers Field School on Nutrient Management, Processing and Value Addition in Little Millet in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India

A Critical Analysis of Farmers Field School on Nutrient Management, Processing and Value Addition in Little Millet in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India

A Survey on Information Services of Engineering Colleges in Tumakuru District

A Survey on Information Services of Engineering Colleges in Tumakuru District

Study of prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children of 6–12 years of age in rural schools of Tumakuru district

Context: Pediatric asthma is a serious global health problem. The recent rise in the prevalence of asthma was associated with environmental pollution, urbanization, and the change in demography. Aims: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of asthma in school children of rural parts of Tumakuru district and to study its association with different epidemiological factors. Settings And Design: This study is a questionnaire-based study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-Questionnaire) carried out in four randomly selected rural schools of Tumakuru district. Subjects And Methods: The questionnaire was distributed to all the children (n = 1750) and asked to fill the questionnaire with the help of their parents. These questionnaires were given standard scores to diagnose asthma. Other epidemiological factors were also recorded in the questionnaire and studied. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using MSTAT software. Chi-square test was used to get the P value. P Results: The prevalence of asthma in our study was 3.12% (n = 51). Boys had a slightly higher prevalence 3.36% (n = 32) than girls 2.8% (n = 19). We found 58.8% (n = 30) of these asthmatics had allergic rhinitis and 19.6% (n = 10) had a history of atopy. Overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 8.3% (n = 137) and atopy was 1.13% (n = 23). Conclusions: The study showed 3.12% of children are affected with asthma, and its prevalence is significantly associated with epidemiological factors such as family history of allergy, high socioeconomic status, and use of fire wood for cooking.

A study on concept of P- drug selection among rural general practitioners

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the awareness of P- drug selection among rural general practitioners’s (GP) for common medical conditions.Methods: Fifty general practitioners in Tumakuru district were provided with proformas for selection of P- drugs for mild to moderate hypertension, diabetes, upper respiratory tract infections and acid peptic disease based on safety, affordability, need, and efficacy (SANE criteria).Results: Forty one GP’s responded by completing the proformas. Seventeen of them were aware of the concept of P- drug selection. In hypertension, beta blockers followed by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were most commonly preferred. In diabetes, biguanides followed by sulfonylureas were preferred as oral hypoglycemic agents. Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Cotrimoxazole were the commonly used antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections. Ranitidine and antacids were preferred for acid peptic disease. Affordability followed by efficacy was the deciding criteria for P- drug selection.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness of P- drug selection among many rural GP’s. Therefore, there is necessity to create awareness about P- drug selection through continued medical education for rational use of drugs.