Tula Region Research Articles

ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НА МАЛЯРИЮ И ДИРОФИЛЯРИОЗ В ЦЕЛЯХ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА В ТУЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЗА ПЕРИОД С 2012 ПО 2021 ГГ

Twenty two imported cases of malaria from Africa have been reported in Tula region of Russian Federation in 2012-2021, of which two were with fatal outcome. The age of malaria patients ranged from 20 to 40 years old. Men prevailed among patients (85 %). There were 19 cases of Plasmodium falciparum, 2 Plasmodium ovale; and one of Plasmodium malariae. Cases have been verified by a reference centre. From 2012 to 2021 10 cases of dirofilariasis have been recorded in humans, a vector-borne helminthiasis of carnivorous animals transmitted by mosquitoes. The results of laboratory monitoring determined necessary measures of surveillance and prevention in relation to vector-borne parasitoses. Key worlds: malaria, dirofilariases, mosquitoes, vector-borne parasitic diseases, reference center.

Гербарная коллекция К. С. Дубенского периода 1896–1919 гг.

During the implementation of the project for the digitization of the vascular plant herbarium of the Tula Region (RFBR grant 19-44-710002, DS/309), the herbarium collection of K. S. Dubensky, kept in the funds of the Tula Museum Association, was examined. The herbarium collected in 1896–1919 today has museum-historical as well as general biological and partly evolutionary significance, since it reflects changes in the regional flora that have occurred over the past century. The collection contains 484 species of vascular plants herbarium specimens belonging to 360 species, 60 families, 30 orders, 3 classes of the Tracheophyta. There are 2 species which are not listed in the Conspect of the flora of the Tula Region (Sheremet’eva et al., 2008), 2 previously common species have been observed extremely rarely in the last 30 years, 6 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Tula Region (Krasnaia…, 2020), 3 species are in the Appendix of the Red Data Book.

Investigation of damage and Hartfield fields in a steel semi-finished product at internal surface ribbing

The riffles formation on the inner surface of a cylindrical shell is studied by the method of local plastic forming. An analysis of the damageability of Gartfield fields in the process of ribbing to different depths using several types of the lead-in of working mandrels was carried out. These parameters were studied not only at the stage of applying the riffles, but also when removing the semifinished product from the working mandrel. The values of damage in the riffle cavity and the highest values of the Hartfield fields on the surface of the ribbed semi-finished product are given. The wear of the tool for applying the riffles was estimated. Computer simulation was carried out in the QForm program. Conclusions are drawn about which tool is better to apply riffles.The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-29-20212, https://rscf.ru/project/22-29-20212/, and the Government of the Tula Region.

Stages of radiation monitoring on the territory of the Tula region affected in consequence of the Chernobyl NPP accident

More than half of the Tula oblast territory was contaminated following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This article describes the stages of radiation hygiene monitoring of objects in the habitat in the Tula region impacted by radioactive contamination. Information is given on changes in radioactively contaminated areas at different periods after the accident. An assessment is made of the radiological situation at the initial “iodic” period of the accident, the subsequent “cesium” period, and at the current stage. A description is given of work done by the oblast’s state sanitary and epidemiological service based on radiation monitoring results for reducing the radiation exposure of the population at different stages of supervision. Information is supplied on high levels of gamma background up to 35 mkSv/h during the “iodic” period. Tabulated data are supplied on exceeding the tentative maximum permissible level of iodine-131 content in dairy products produced in Plavski district, the most contaminated area in the region. Data are given on laboratory tests on food products for total beta activity in 1986-87 and the frequency of exceeding the permissible level of cesium-137 content during 1986. The above permissible content of radionuclides in food products was registered only in 1986 due to surface contamination of plants, while in wild mushrooms this took place as late as 2004. Currently, the proved content of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in food products is determined only by the radio-chemical method. A table is supplied showing results of radio-chemical research on major dose contributing food products from 2010 to 2021. The article supplies a table with numeric values of annual average effective doses of radiation sustained by the population of settlements located in the Chernobyl radioactively contaminated zone during 1986 through 2021. The dose of the population’s exposure to the Chernobyl radiation since 1994 does not exceed 1 mSv/year. In 2021, the population’s annual effective dose in 98.3% of settlements amounted to less than 0.2 mSv/year.

The Use of Diethoxydimethylsilane as the Basis of a Hybrid Organosilicon Material for the Production of Biosensitive Membranes for Sensory Devices.

Biomembranes based on an organosilica sol–gel matrix were used to immobilize bacteria Paracoccus yeei VKM B-3302 as part of a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor. Diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were used as precursors to create the matrix in a 1:1 volume ratio. The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method (BET) showed that the sol–gel matrix forms a capsule around microorganisms that does not prevent the exchange of substrates and waste products of bacteria to the cells. The use of DEDMS as part of the matrix made it possible to increase the sensitivity coefficient of the biosensor for determining BOD by two orders of magnitude compared to a biosensor based on methyltriethoxysilane (MTES). Additionally, the long-term stability of the bioreceptor increased to 68 days. The use of such a matrix neutralized the effect of heavy metal ions on the microorganisms’ catalytic activity in the biosensor. The developed biosensor was used to analyze water samples from water sources in the Tula region (Russia).

К вопросу об инновационном развитии России

The article discusses issues concerning various points of view on the problems associated with the development of innovative potential both at the level of the Russian Federation and at the regional level. The analysis of statistical data concerning the number of personnel engaged in scientific research and development; the level of innovative activity of organizations, the share of innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of goods shipped, works performed, services; the number of organizations performing research and development; the number of patent applications and the issuance of patents in the Russian Federation. The study found that the innovation system in the Russian Federation is going through a new stage of development and there are a number of challenges that do not allow it to fully function both at the regional and federal levels. The analysis of the strategy for the development of science, technology and innovation of the Tula region until 2030 was carried out. According to the results of the study, the relevant conclusions were formed.

Recognition of arable soils from photographs obtained as part of crowdsourcing technologies

The study focuses on the possibilities of using photographs obtained using crowdsourcing technologies for the operational inventory of arable soils. The object of the study is the spectral reflectance of the open surface of arable soils of the test plots, measured using a HandHeld-2 spectroradiometer operating in the range of 325–1 075 nm, and their image in photographs taken with conventional cameras. Test sites are located in the Tula, Moscow and Tver regions. The soils of the test plots are sod-podzolic, gray forest, and leached chernozems. Based on the analysis of photographs of the surface and information obtained using a spectroradiometer, a set of spectral parameters in the RGB, YMC and HSI color systems, as well as their ratios (45 parameters), was calculated. These parameters were used to separate the analyzed soil types using classification trees. The accuracy of classification based on the results of validation varies from 63–100%. At the same time, the parameters of the HSI and YMC color systems turned out to be more informative than the parameters of the RGB color system. The established classification rules can later be used to determine the classification position of soils from images collected using crowdsourcing technologies.

Testing of micronized praziquantel and albendazole dosage forms against bothriocephalosis of cyprinids

The purpose of the research is to develop and test new dosage forms against bothriocephalosis of cyprinids.Materials and methods. The study was performed in the experimental therapy laboratory of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV, and on a cage fish farm of Cherepetsky Rybkhoz JSC (Suvorov, Tula Region). A formulation was developed for two micronized dosage forms of albendazole and praziquantel to prevent and treat cestodosis in fish, namely, micronized albendazole and micronized praziquantel. For experiments to test micronized dosage forms of the drugs against bothriocephalosis of cyprinids, medicated feeds were developed using a special technology with added hot water and beet molasses. Each medicated feed contained 2% of the praziquantel- and albendazole-based dosage form. To determine the infection of the fish with cestodes, carp yearlings were studied at Cherepetsky Rybkhoz JSC. Clinical examination and pathoanatomical dissection of the fish were conducted selectively using a common method, after which the prevalence and intensity of the Bothriocephalus sp. infection were determined in fish. The medicated feed was given at the rate of 5% of fish weight in the trays, and put into the feeders installed at the bottom of the trays. The first group of fish received the medicated food with micronized albendazole, and the second, with micronized praziquantel. The doses were 25 and 30 mg/kg for the active substance, respectively. The effectiveness of experimental batches of the medicated feeds with praziquantel and albendazole dosage forms was recorded by results of the helminthological dissection of all experimental and control fish on day 4 of the therapeutic feeding.Results and discussion. Preliminary tests of the micronized albendazole and praziquantel dosage forms in the medicated feeds showed a 58.3% extense-effectiveness with a 61.9% intense-effectiveness, and a 75.0% extense-effectiveness with a 88.1% intense-effectiveness when applied once at a dose of 5% of fish weight (doses of 25 and 30 mg/kg for the AS, respectively).

Insolution and improved location of functional zones of Effremov-city in Tula region

In this paper, the climatic conditions are considered for the Efremovsky district and the city of Efremov, in particular to identify the mutual effect from the landscaping system and residential development area. The construction-climatic passport is prepared for the city of Efremov in the Tula region. As a result, insolution of urban development and location of functional zones of the city are identified.

Миаз дикой утки

The paper presents a description of the case of parasitic myasis of wild gray mallard after prey on spring hunting and shows a sanitary assessment of the presented carcass. During the spring hunt of 2022, the gray mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from the Podolsky district of the Moscow region was mined in Central Russia. Veterinary-sanitary examination, partial helminthological autopsy and trichinelloscopy of the bird carcass were carried out 3 hours after slaughter. During the study, foci of hemorrhages, neoplasms and other pathology were detected. Then, after the initial treatment of the carcass on the side and center of the keel bone, single through holes (5 visualized with the naked eye) with signs of hyperemia, local inflammation and ichorotic odor were marked on the skin surface. When cutting the skin, superficial and deep pectoral muscles in a thickness of up to 1.5 cm of carcass, viable fly larvae measuring 6-7 mm were found. After careful inspection and removal of insect larvae from host tissues, 48 specimens of the parasite were counted. There were no dystrophic and degenerative changes in the muscles and internal organs. No sarcocystosis was detected in of duck muscles. Parasitic myasis in the bird under the skin and in the thickness of the pectoral muscles developed during life. The fact of the detection of myasis in waterfowl on the past spring amateur hunts is confirmed by the hunters of the Ryazan and Tula regions. According to the rules of veterinary-sanitary examination, in case of such a lesion of wild birds with a myasis, carcasses and internal organs are subject to technical disposal.

Information basis for designing an adaptive landscape farming system on radioactively contaminated agricultural lands of Plavsky District, Tula Region

The article presents the results of creating a basis for designing a system of adaptive landscape farming on radioactively contaminated agricultural lands of the Plavsky district of the Tula region. To provide information support for the design of the system, an assessment of the current state of these territories was carried out, the characteristics of the radioecological state of lands, relief and agrochemical indicators of soils are given. The resulting information was collected into an attributive database.
 Since the collected information has a spatial reference, it was decided to use geographic information systems for its processing and visualization. In the course of the work, the structure of the ecological-agronomic GIS was developed. The selection and digitization of the basic cartographic material was carried out with the specification of the coordinates of the main boundaries. The created GIS will provide information and analytical support in the design of an adaptive landscape farming system in the studied territories.

Эффективность гербицидов в уничтожении сорняков и падалицы ярового рапса в звене севооборота яровой рапс - яровая пшеница в условиях Тульской области

Studies conducted in the production conditions of the Tula region have shown that the cultivation of spring wheat after spring rapeseed using technologies without the use of dump plowing at the early stages of crop development leads to a problem with the fall of spring rapeseed. As a weed, it rises simultaneously or earlier than spring wheat, develops faster, competing with the crop for nutrients, soil moisture and light. The task of the research was to determine the optimal timing of the use of various herbicides and their tank mixtures in order to destroy weeds and, above all, rapeseed carrion. It has been found that their use is more effective in the middle of the tillering phase of spring wheat, as this avoids the negative effects of drugs on the culture, effectively destroying weeds and rapeseed carrion. The use of herbicides in the middle of the tillering phase of the crop led to an increase in the yield of spring wheat by 0.33 - 0.48 t/ha compared with the control variant. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, RAPESEED CARRION, CROP ROTATION, WEEDS, HERBICIDES, YIELD

Актуальные задачи финансового планирования доходов, расходов и покрытия дефицита государственного бюджета в субъекте федерации на материалах Тульской области

The article discusses the theoretical and practical tasks of planning revenues and expenditures in the regional budget. The dynamics and structure of the financial resources on the example of the Tula region for a number of years are analyzed from the perspective of budget consolidation. The impact of regional budget finances on the investment opportunities of the regional budget and the distribution of gross product in a crisis is considered. Based on the actual material, the role assigned to regional budget finances in achieving benchmarks for socio-economic development is revealed. The problems of repayment of the budget deficitt of the subject of the federation and possible ways to solve them are identified. The problems of the budget process are identified and directions for further improvement of the policy of financing public expenditures and diversification of sources of covering the regional budget deficit are proposed.
 The representativeness of the actual data and the author's calculation and forecast estimates is achieved on the basis of the use of general scientific and special research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, comparison, detailing, dialectical, balance and normative methods; elements of systematic and integrated approaches to finding solutions.
 The practical significance of the study is determined by the all-Russian attitude to strengthening budgetary federalism, motivating the regions of Russia in the direction of reducing the level of subsidization into revenue part of the budget of the region, reducing its deficit, increasing the share of its own sources of covering all planned budget allocations.

Information Potential of Archival Sources on Wage Differentiation in the Industry of the Central Industrial District in the 1910s-1920s.

Тhe article discusses the information potential of sources related to the problems of wage inequality in Russia in general, and in the Central Industrial District (CID) in particular. Chronological framework of the study is 1910s – 1920s. The purpose of the study is to analyze archival materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the State Archive of the Tver Region (GATO), the State Archive of the Tula region (GATO), allowing to identify features in the study of wage differentiation in industry. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a structured description of archival sources of wages in the specified period. The analysis of sources is done taking into account the representativeness of the results of archival heuristics carried out on the basis of scientific reference apparatus and documents from the funds of federal and regional archives. The archival materials considered in the work contain information about the wages of various categories of employees, their distribution by regional and professional principle, as well as changes in these indicators over time. The author comes to the conclusion that the degree of completeness of the source base varies for different categories of workers throughout the chronological framework under consideration, but this fact does not prevent the solution of certain issues related to wage inequality.

The Memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in the regional Internet space: the experience of discourse analysis

This article is devoted to the discourse analysis of the comments of regional news sites and public publications about the commemorations of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Based on the application of the methodology of Siegfried Yeager's critical discourse analysis, the peculiarities of the perception of official memorials dedicated to the memory of the Great Patriotic War in the Internet space of the Tula and Tomsk regions were analyzed. The sources for the analysis were comments from users of social networks, Internet blogs and news sites of the two regions in the period 2015-2021, dedicated to Victory Day (May 9), the Immortal Regiment campaign, topical regional commemorations of the Great Patriotic War, as well as mentions of individual pages of family memory and events of war heroes. Despite the fact that sociological surveys of recent years show the preservation of the memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 as the most important historical event and ideological reference point in the mass historical consciousness, the study of the perception of war memorials on the Internet shows a further increase in the devaluation of historical meanings of the Russian memorial culture and the departure to particular versions of historical memory (family, local social group). The tendency of fragmentation and transformation of perception of the past in the regional Internet space was revealed. The analysis of a sample set of comments indicates the persistence of the trend of sacralization of war heroes, veterans and family memory of them in the mass consciousness, as well as attempts to contrast family commemorations of Victory Day and official events and actions of the authorities. In both areas, the fact of using the discussion of the May 9 commemorations and the "Immortal Regiment" campaign as a symbolic framework for criticizing the domestic and foreign policies of the current government was recorded. At the same time, most of the critical comments are situational in nature and are related to topical regional socio-economic problems.

Analysis of the stress-strain state when knurling riffles in a steel cylindrical shell

Obtaining shells with riffling inner surface is a complex and urgent task, therefore, a new riffling method has been developed, which is characterized by high efficiency and low metal consumption of the structure relative to existing ones. At the same time, there are practically no works devoted to the assessment and study of stresses, deformations, and material damage when knurling by local form change. The paper analyzes the intensity of deformations, average stresses and the risk of destruction when knurling the inner surface of the shell during local shaping using tools that have different-shaped lead-in parts of the wedge protrusions. A comparative analysis of the stress-strain state is performed for various methods of knurling in one direction – local shaping and reduction through a conical matrix. The study was carried out in order to determine the most appropriate method of knurling in terms of obtaining the favorable stress-strain state. The stress-strain state when knurling of the opposite direction in the zone of their intersection in the process of forming a mesh of riffles by local shaping is also considered. To solve the problem, computer simulation was carried out in the DEFORM program with subsequent interpretation of the results.The work was carried out within the framework of the grant of the Government of the Tula region in the field of science and technology No. DS/167.

Рейтинг 100 наиболее трудолюбивых туляков вызвал большой интерес в регионе

The article tells about the «Ranking of Tula People Who Have Made the Greatest Contribution to the Socio-economic Development of the Tula Region», which has been created by the Tula Sociological Center annually since 2004. This ranking over the past years has firmly entered the minds of Tula people, it was published by various media and was regularly posted on the website of the Russian Society of Sociologists. Residents of the region actively use the «Ranking of Tula People Who Have Made the Greatest Contribution to the Socio-economic Development of the Tula Region» when analyzing events and make their proposals for including persons in the next rating.

West Nile Fever: Results of Monitoring over the Causative Agent in the Russian Federation in 2021, the Incidence Forecast for 2022

The epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in Russia in 2021 was characterized by an increase in the incidence relative to 2020 (more than 6-fold increase). The peculiarities of the WNF epidemic process have been determined: the territorial distribution of cases (75 % – in the constituent entities of the Central Federal District), the expansion of the causative agent’s areal with the involvement of new territories (official registration of cases in Moscow and the Tula Region for the first time ever), the early end of the epidemic season. An increase in the proportion of neuroinvasive forms, an increase in the share of male patients and the age group of 30–39 years, a decrease in the proportion of the population in contact with the pathogen in natural places of mass recreation were observed in the incidence structure. According to the results of the monitoring studies carried out by the Reference Center, intensive circulation of the pathogen was established on the territory of the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, and the North Caucasian Federal District. The low reported incidence was due to insufficient detection of WNF patients. The results of moleculargenetic study showed that in the European part of Russia, WNV lineage 2 circulated in both epizootic and epidemic cycles, lineage 2 in the south of Western Siberia (Omsk Region) and lineage 4 in the Volgograd Region – in the epizootic cycle only. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains isolated from the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Voronezh Regions and the Republic of Dagestan in 2021 belong to the genovariant of WNV lineage 2 not registered in Russia previously. The topology of the phylogenetic tree indicates the possible African origin of the isolates, probably imported into Russia by migratory birds across the coast of the Caspian Sea. In the Volgograd Region, WNV of both the entrenched clade of lineage 2 (since 2007) and new genovariant circulated. The specialists of the Reference Center developed a forecast of WNF epidemiological situation development in the Volgograd Region in 2022 on the basis of the neural network modeling technique, according to which an increase in the incidence is expected, comparable to that in 2010 and 2012. Based on the climate projections, an increase in the incidence is possible in all Federal Districts of the European part of Russia, the southern territories of the Urals, Western Siberia, and the Far East.

Temperature dependence of internal mechanical losses of gypsum stone with complex composition and structure

Experimental studies of the temperature dependence of internal mechanical losses in terms of Q−1 in the range from 25 to 120 °C used gypsum stone specimens from the Novomoskovskoye deposit (Tula region, Russia). This investigation is important to determine optimal modes of heat treatment of gypsum stone to obtain construction gypsum. The specimens were cylinders 40 mm in diameter and 75 mm in length with piezoelectric transducers at the ends. They included three types of rocks: gypsum, flint, and thin coal interlayers. The groups included specimens consisting of gypsum without flint layers, two layers consisting of a gypsum layer at one end and a flint layer at the other, and three layers with a flint layer in the middle part of the specimen. Losses Q–1 were determined as f0/(fmax – fmin), where fmax and fmin were frequencies at the level of 1/√2 of the maximum amplitude of sample longitudinal oscillations at the resonance frequency f0. In the temperature range up to 80 °C, the loss Q–1 increased monotonically, while the resonance frequency f0 decreased. There were two maxima of Q–1 and f0 at 85 and 110 °C. The phase transitions of gypsum from dihydrate to hemihydrates (α- and β-hemihydrates) and then to the anhydrous state (dehydrate) caused these maxima.

Experience in Promoting Parental Control of School Meals in the Tula Region

Introduction: The main tool for a systematic assessment of nutrition includes monitoring activities allowing for overall improvement of school meals in addition to identification and elimination of violations of the Russian sanitary and epidemiological legislation and a follow-up of children’s collectives. Objective: To evaluate the experience of cooperation with schoolchildren’s parents in issues of school feeding in the Tula Region. Methods: The sanitary and descriptive method was used in the assessment of results of inspections, organizational and methodological work on control over school nutrition, interaction with parents, and outcomes of parental control. Results: The article reviews the experience of cooperation of the public health inspectorate with the parent community to improve school feeding in the Tula Region. Considering a paramount importance of the quality of hot school meals and the expected effectiveness of its parental control, experts of the Regional Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) have taken a number of effective outreach measures on healthy nutrition, development of essential practical and theoretical skills and abilities of a healthy lifestyle, proper algorithms in reacting to arising problems in school catering, and coordination of interactions between parent communities. Conclusion: The implementation of measures that ensure effective cooperation between the supervisory body and the parent community has made a significant contribution to improving the quality of hot school meals in the region.