Student Tuition Fees Research Articles

Higher education and the public good in Finland

AbstractThis paper discusses understandings of higher education and the public good in the context of Finland. A lexical-based comparison of public goods terminology reveals that the Finnish translation of public good—julkishyödyke—is used in comparatively recent (post-1970s) scholarship, mainly limited to the fields of economics, forestry and agriculture. It is notably absent in discussions of higher education. Instead, universities’ contribution to the public good is expressed as sivistys, service, social impact and national development. The second half of the paper discusses findings from a qualitative study of university staff and policymaker understandings of public good(s) (n = 21). Participants framed the contribution of universities to the public good as sivistys, service and social impact and also highlighted the dimension of social equality. These goods were viewed as applicable to local, national and global levels, flowing both out of and into Finland, thus benefiting everyone. As such, responses were closely aligned with the UNESCO (2015) definition of higher education as a global common good. Recent higher education policies that are based on the logic of higher education as a private good (education export, tuition fees for international students) threaten this model, revealing a conflict in the role of the state as protector of the public good at the national level and promoter of higher education as a private good at the global level.

Pharmacy School Affordability for Pharmacy Technicians From 2004 to 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the trends in pharmacy technician wages relative to pharmacy school tuition and fees for the first professional year (P1) from 2004 to 2022, and to assess the affordability of pharmacy education for those currently employed as technicians in a pharmacy. MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study used data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics to calculate median disposable incomes for pharmacy technicians and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Tuition Trends Database to calculate cumulative sums of P1 in-state tuition and mandatory fees for pharmacy students. The primary outcome was the national change in the tuition affordability ratio, defined as the comparison of median disposable income with median total tuition and fees for P1. Changes in the tuition affordability ratio for the most affordable programs in each state were analyzed as a secondary outcome. ResultsThe study found that from 2004 to 2022, the median disposable income of pharmacy technicians nationally increased from $20,103 to $33,255, while median P1 tuition and fees rose from $13,223 to $36,183. The median tuition affordability ratio decreased from 1.52 in the 2004–2005 academic year to 0.92 in 2022–2023, indicating a 40% reduction in affordability. State-specific analysis revealed varying affordability ratios, with only Pennsylvania and Rhode Island showing an increase in affordability. ConclusionThe study highlights a significant decline in the affordability of pharmacy education, raising concerns about the economic barriers faced by prospective pharmacy students and calling for a reevaluation of financial strategies within the field.

Tuition fees for international students: a policy instrument of cost sharing and control or simply income generation

ABSTRACT The introduction of tuition fees in Sweden in 2011 is an interesting example of how the design of a tuition fee reform for international students surges beyond simple narratives of revenue generation. More than 10 years after implementing the Swedish reform, this article examines to what extent such market-oriented instruments induce HEIs and the government to seek revenue on the global market. Through a comprehensive analysis, the research employs two theoretical models – the ‘revenue-seeking’ and the ‘cost-sharing and control’ model – to explore the inherent hybridity governance features between market and state-centred objectives. The findings reveal that while the reform primarily adheres to its intended goals of cost-sharing and controlled internationalisation, there is an emerging trend towards revenue generation, particularly in HEIs with strong market positions and in lucrative disciplines like Engineering & Technology and Business Management. The study highlights the reform’s multifaceted impact, aligning with state-centric objectives but gradually shifting towards a revenue-seeking approach. This research contributes to understanding the nuanced effects of tuition fee policies on HEIs and calls for further comparative studies to deepen insights into the diverse outcomes of such reforms in the context of higher education internationalisation.

PENGEMBANGAN YAYASAN PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA MEMBENTUK BADAN LAYANAN KEGIATAN USAHA

The foundation law governing the establishment of Private Universities (PTS) emphasizes an orientation towards educational development rather than a profit orientation. The Foundation acts as the owner and manager of PTS, with a non-profit focus. Sustainability of PTS requires financial resources such as student tuition fees, grant funds, and collaboration. This statement highlights that universities not only function as centers of research, science and community service, but also as corporate entities that are active in producing knowledge. It is important for universities to compete, adapt, and have sensing capabilities in order to ensure survival amidst ever-changing environmental dynamics. The competition experienced by profit companies includes competition in the areas of price, quality and service. Universities as non-profit entities are also dealing with this. Management with adaptive capability resources, all of which require management knowledge and skills, namely higher education management.

Can public private partnerships help deliver universal secondary education? The case of Uganda

ABSTRACT Governments worldwide are facing pressure to increase access to secondary school. In Uganda, the government introduced a fee-free policy in 2007 to address this issue. In an effort to make it more affordable, the government partnered with non-state schools to form public-private partnerships (PPPs). PPPs are seen as a cost-effective way to increase school supply, but they have also been associated with negative equity implications. This paper uses a theory of change approach to examine how paying tuition fees for eligible students in PPP and state schools has helped extend access to secondary school in Uganda. Analysis of the Ark Secondary Schools Survey and Focus Group data reveals that the policy did not remove the financial and structural barriers for many students. Key informant interviews shed further light on the ways in which the policy has in fact reinforced existing patterns of exclusion.

Analysis of Internal Control of Cash Receipt and Disbursement Functions

Cash is the company's most liquid asset and plays a significant role in funding the company's operations compared to other investments, so cash control is needed within the company. Companies with organizational management where internal controls can control errors in carrying out the profession to protect cash from misuse efforts from when cash is received until it is disbursed. LP3M Superior Polytechnic is a private tertiary institution whose primary income is the payment of student tuition fees. The research method uses the descriptive analysis method. The test results show that the cash receipts internal control system is effective, contrary to the cash disbursement internal control. At the same time, the internal control system for cash disbursements has not been effective because there are still elements of Internal Control within the company that have not been fully implemented, including placing the cashier in the same room as other employees, which should be separate and have a separate room as accounting control.

Tuition Fees for International Students in Norway: A Policy-Debate

Abstract The provision of equitable chances for students from all socioeconomic backgrounds to pursue higher education is a fundamental principle in Norway’s egalitarian educational system. Providing free higher education to domestic and international students, has long been praised. In accordance with this, the Norwegian government has long sought to internationalize higher education, to enhance the quality of higher education. Statistics reveal a rapid increase in the number of international students enrolled during the past decade, indicating that international student mobility, both inbound and outbound, has expanded significantly in Norway. However, the Norwegian government announced the imposition of tuition fees for foreign students attending higher education outside of the European Economic Area (eea) and Switzerland from August 2023. The fundamental free principle in Norwegian higher education has been viewed as being broken by this action, along with the government’s own political platform and party platforms. In relation to international higher education literature and tuition fee policies in other Nordic contexts and beyond, this article addresses the government’s justifications for enacting tuition fees for foreign students in Norway. Additionally, it investigates internationalization of the Higher Education system in Norway by shedding light on the status of internationalization as well as how the Norwegian society has responded to the imposition of tuition fees for international students. By considering elements like revenue generation, academic diversity, global competitiveness, and social inclusion, the article further emphasizes the potential implications for the landscape of Norwegian higher education and its position in the worldwide arena. With this policy debate, we aim to contribute to the continuing discussion about international students’ tuition fees and offer insightful information to policymakers, practitioners, and scholars working in international higher education.

Analysis of Internal Control of Cash Receipt and Disbursement Functions at Unggul Polytechnic LP3M Medan

Cash is the company's most liquid asset and plays a significant role in funding the company's operations compared to other investments, so cash control is needed within the company. Companies with organizational management where internal controls can control errors in carrying out the profession to protect cash from misuse efforts from when cash is received until it is disbursed. LP3M Superior Polytechnic is a private tertiary institution whose primary income is the payment of student tuition fees. The research method uses the descriptive analysis method. The test results show that the cash receipts internal control system is effective, contrary to the cash disbursement internal control. At the same time, the internal control system for cash disbursements has not been effective because there are still elements of Internal Control within the company that have not been fully implemented, including placing the cashier in the same room as other employees, which should be separate and have a separate room as accounting control.

ANALISIS MUTU DOSEN DALAM PERSPEKTIF REKRUTMEN (Studi Kasus di STAI Babussalam Sula Maluku Utara)

This study aims to determine the analysis of the quality of lecturers from the perspective of recruitment at STAI Babussalam Sula North Maluku, using several recruitment indicators, namely, objectives, stages, basis of determination, methods and factors, while on the quality of lecturers namely education and teaching, research and development and service to society. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, and the data analysis used is an interactive model starting from reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that 1.) Recruitment of lecturers at STAI Babussalam Sula uses an open method, but in practice it has not fully followed the SOP. This is influenced by several factors, namely: a). STAI Babussalam Sula has not been able to enforce pure procedures, like state campuses, because all decisions are based on policies from the foundation. b). STAI Babussalam Sula is a campus at the district level and is still at the developing stage. c). Lecturer recruitment has not been based on needs analysis. 2). While the quality of lecturers in the Tridarma at STAI Babussalam Sula, namely: a). In education and teaching, there are still some non-linear lecturers who carry out the learning process for majors and study programs, and the availability of inadequate infrastructure. b). Research and community service carried out by lecturers is still minimal, this is influenced by the availability of an inadequate budget, because the financial source depends on student tuition fees. Keywords: Perspective, Lecturer Quality, Recruitment

Student debt of UK dental students and recent graduates.

Introduction Studies conducted in 2013 estimated the total average debt of UK dental students in their final year. Student tuition fees in the UK have increased over time and maintenance grants abolished. With the current landscape changing, it's important to understand the effect on dental students and the current total debt upon graduation.Aims Quantify the level of debt among dental students graduating in 2021/2022 and the two years prior, understand the impact of debt, and investigate socioeconomic differences.Materials and methods An online survey with final year UK dental students and recent graduates was conducted, resulting in 103 valid responses. The survey design was adapted from a validated British Dental Association (BDA) survey conducted in 2013.Results The mean total debt among respondents was £52,922.12, a substantial increase compared to the BDA data reported in 2013, with commercial and informal loans doubling from 2013 to 2022. Three-in-five (60.2%) experienced financial difficulties during their studies. Significant differences were found among socioeconomic groups.Conclusion Findings from this study show that dental student debt continues to grow, having detrimental impacts on students and their studies, specifically those from lower income households. Interventions should focus on addressing these issues.

სახელმწიფო სასწავლო გრანტის განაწილებისა და გამოყენების ანალიზი

სახელმწიფო სასწავლო გრანტის განაწილებისა და გამოყენების ანალიზი

Analisis Kontribusi Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Islam dalam Perkembangan Bank Syariah di Kota Medan

This article aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic higher education institutions in the development of Islamic banks in Medan City. The development of Islamic banks over the past five years can be seen in the financial reports which have increased but not accompanied by an increase in the market share of Islamic banks and are still lagging behind other Muslim-majority countries. Islamic higher education institutions which are educational institutions required to contribute to the development of Islamic banks. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that Islamic tertiary institutions, namely UINSU and UMSU, have contributed to the development of Islamic banks in the city of Medan by: increasing the number of customers, providing human resources and increasing cooperation networks, these contributions show that UINSU and UMSU have made various efforts to help development of sharia banks in the form of cooperation, namely: Payment of student tuition fees, payment of lecturer salaries and allowances, apprenticeships for students and opening of mini-banks within universities.

MEMAKNAI NILAI-NILAI PEDOMAN HIDUP ISLAMI WARGA MUHAMMADIYAH PADA PROSES PENGANGGARAN STIE MUHAMMADIYAH PALOPO

It is very necessary to enlighten all elements of Muhammadiyah's business charity management to make and apply the values ​​of the life guidelines of Muhammadiyah citizens in every policy and activity in the association without exception. The purpose of this study is to interpret the values ​​of Islamic life guidelines for Muhammadiyah residents in the STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo budgeting system. The researcher will use the Islamic life guidelines for Muhammadiyah residents as a researcher's perspective in observing the activities of the budgeting system at STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo whether the values ​​of these guidelines are used as one of the considerations in the operation of the budgeting system at STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo in accordance with the expectations of Muhammadiyah's vision. This study found that the budget as a form of welfare is not only valued in nominal terms in the form of rupiah earned, but welfare is when people who work at Muhammadiyah always feel sufficient and grateful for the sustenance that Allah SWT has given. As a Muhammadiyah citizen, working in a Muhammadiyah business charity is a comfort in itself and believes that the sincerity they do will be a welfare for them in the hereafter. With their sincerity in working in the charity business of Muhammadiyah, they get rewards from Allah SWT such as unexpected sustenance and blessings in the income they get. STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo provides convenience, relief, and assistance in paying tuition fees for students. STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo provides facilities and assistance to students as a form of social care and appreciation for cadres, namely the Lazismu Scholarship, Incidental Assistance, Relief for Brothers, and the free SPP Alumni of SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah Palopo

Ten years after. Reflections on the introduction of tuition fees for some international students in Swedish post-secondary education

ABSTRACT In 2011, Sweden introduced tuition fees for students from countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland when they enrolled at higher education institutions (HEIs). As a direct consequence, the number of students in Sweden from those countries decreased by 80% that year. Since then, the number of students has increased again and, before COVID-19, was on its way to reaching the same level as before 2011. Nevertheless, the number of tuition fee-paying students only dropped by 3% for the academic year 2020/21, after nine consecutive years of growth. In this article we are assessing changes in inbound student flows and compare the outcome with the ambitions expressed by the Swedish government when the fees were introduced. The introduction of tuition fees in Sweden and the experiences from this offer quite unique possibilities to learn how students, HEIs, other actors, and societies react and adapt. By use of previous studies and new empirics we analyse and reflect on the outcome given the motives behind the reform, especially with regard to the ambition to continue internationalising post-secondary education and, furthermore, on the reform’s possible benefits and costs for post-secondary education in Sweden.

Level of Students' Digital Literacy Ability Entering the New Normal Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the pattern of human life, including the education sector. The rapid development of digital technology is very helpful in overcoming learning problems during a pandemic as well as accelerating digital transformation in the education sector, both online learning methods and the use of digital simulations as learning technology. This study aims to measure the level of digital literacy skills of students based on the characteristics of students entering the new normal era. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The population is all students studying in Depok City with a sample of 410 students obtained by random sampling. The results of the study showed that the level of student digital literacy skills of 75.3% could be included in the Good category. There is no significant difference in the level of digital literacy ability based on gender and student residence, but there is a different trend based on age and year of study, where the higher the age or year of study the higher the level of digital literacy ability, and based on the source of tuition fees for scholarship recipients. Full level indicates a higher level of digital literacy ability. In conclusion, the level of digital literacy of students could be included in the Good category. There is no difference in the level of digital literacy ability based on the gender and place of residence of students, but there are different trends based on age, year of study, and source of student tuition fees.

Covid-19 Pandemic and E-Learning: Socio - Economic Factors Influencing the Challenges Faced By Ghanaian Universities

The pandemic of COVID-19, which swept the globe, has damaged all facets of human endeavor, including education. As a response to the hazards to life posed by the epidemic, educational institutions in Ghana have had to improvise in order to provide tuition to students in order to mitigate the impact of the virus on students. The school administration at the Nyankpala campus of the identified and implemented e-learning as an alternative to face-to-face instruction, which posed a hazard to the health of students during the epidemic. This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic factors influencing the challenges faced by students in the use of e-learning during COVID-19, with a specific focus on the students of Nyankpala Campus, using both primary and secondary data to debrief the conceptions and theories in order to assess the level of impact of the pandemic and e-learning on students' academic performance. The study also sought to investigate the sources of information on COVID-19 from the respondents and the preventive measures, as these two factors determine their access to electrical devices to participate in e-learning and the extent to which this approach has impacted their academics as the study solicits the pertinent information on the measures implemented by the university's administration to ensure continuous learning. In this regard, the study employed a case study design with qualitative technique as the strategy for eliciting pertinent information through the use of key interview guides and personal interviews. According to the results, 62.31 % of the students are from metropolitan areas, while 37.69 % are from rural areas. In terms of money and social status, the numbers show that 17.69% of students come from high-class societies and 57.69% come from low-class societies. 58.46 % consistently reported poor network coverage, compared to 41.54 % who always had network connectivity. Data bundles, a lack of e-learning devices, and inadequate training were highlighted as the primary obstacles. As a result, several students were forced to miss or leave lectures, which negatively impacted their academic achievement and the delivery of instruction. In the future, it is proposed that the university collaborate with a number of government regulatory agencies, such as the National Communication Authority (NCA), to reduce the cost of data in order to improve internet connectivity on campus, as well as subsidize student tuition fees in order to alleviate the financial burden placed on students.

Analisis Pengelolaan Keuangan Untuk Melihat Kinerja Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan Di SMK Negeri 1 Sukasada

The purpose of this study was to analyze the planning and realization of the budget in the management of school finances at SMK Negeri 1 Sukasada. Direct costs and direct routine costs at SMK Negeri 1 Sukasada in 2017 to 2020 where the average tuition fee for students in the last 4 years has increased and decreased, in 2017 the average student tuition fee per month was Rp. 167.094, in 2018 the average monthly tuition fee for students is Rp. 193,666, where there was an increase in the average tuition fee of students in 2018 of Rp. 26,572, while in 2019 the average monthly tuition fee for students is Rp. 175,551, and in 2020 the average monthly tuition fee of students again increased by Rp. 182,375. Realization and budget at SMK Negeri 1 Sukasada in 2017 to 2020 where the budget ratio in the last 4 years has increased and decreased, in 2017 and 2018 the budget ratio was 0.99, where there was an increase in the budget ratio in 2019 of 0.01 to 1.00, while in 2020 the budget ratio again decreased by 0.07. When viewed from the ratio of income to expenditure at SMK Negeri 1 Sukasada in 2017 to 2020 where the ratio of income to expenditure in the last 4 years has increased and decreased, in 2017 and 2018 the budget ratio was 1.01, where there was a decrease in the ratio of income to expenditure in 2019 by 0.01 to 1.00, while in 2020 the expenditure income ratio again increased by 0.08.

Model of Social Entrepreneurship Career Readiness among Malaysian Public University Students

Social Entrepreneurship offers a unique opportunity to challenge, question and conceive concepts and assumptions in business management and research topics, as well as research methods and disciplines. The social entrepreneurship debate is a process of social change and/or addressing important social needs in a way that does not jeopardize the overall economic interests of the company. Social entrepreneurship differs from other forms of entrepreneurship in that it relatively prioritizes the promotion and development of social values over the acquisition of economic value. However, there is currently limited information on the level of international and social tuition fees for students in Malaysia. Nowadays, entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship are considered viable work options and the career readiness elements do not only help improve the abilities and skills of prospective graduates but also increase the confidence of these graduates when entering the working world. The development of social cognition at the highest levels will have a profound impact on society and the combination of students or academics with university and society makes social entrepreneurship an important university curriculum, which is in the real life of learning and practice. Therefore, this concept paper aims to discuss and propose a conceptual framework of social entrepreneurship career readiness among public university students. Finally, social entrepreneurship is hoped to contribute to the ideas of prospective graduates as future careers can also contribute to positive and effective job creation with the ability to change perspectives and focus on social business to motivate them.

The Paradox of State-Funded Higher Education: Does the Winner Still Take It All?

Contrary to the overall tendency to increase student participation in the financing of higher education, Estonia abolished student tuition fees in 2013. We study the effects of this reform on the students’ access to and progress in higher education, concentrating mostly on the changes in probabilities of rural and remote students being admitted (extensive margin) and graduating within a nominal time (intensive margin). We distinguish between four different outcomes: admission in general, admission to vocational education, admission to high-rank curricula, and graduation within nominal time. We confirm the tendency that a high socioeconomic status increases the probability of being admitted to high-rank curricula and reduces the probability of choosing an applied curriculum, and the 2013 reform did not change that. While the reform weakly improved rural students’ tendency to graduate on time, it diminished the probability that they were admitted to high-rank curricula. So, paradoxically and contrary to the intention of the reform, higher state involvement in higher education financing has not improved the equity in university admission in Estonia in terms of either socioeconomic background or regional disparities. We claim that part of the explanation of that paradox lies in the conditionality of this reform and the combination of a scarce needs-based and a competitive merit-based student support system in Estonia. We see our broader contribution in emphasising the important role of support systems in the future analysis of the potential to improve students’ access.

Understanding issues of ‘justice’ in ‘free higher education’: policy, legislation, and implications in the Philippines

ABSTRACT In the context of global debates regarding the purpose of higher education, many national governments have adopted ‘cost-sharing’ mechanisms. Yet in 2017 the Philippines introduced legislation to provide ‘Universal Access’ to higher education by subsidizing tuition fees for all Filipino students in public institutions, partial fee subsidies students in private institutions, and further means-tested support. This article uses a conceptual framework integrating multiple models of social justice to examine 73 legislative texts: 59 individual House of Representative bills, 11 individual Senate bills, the cumulative House and Senate bill, and the final Republic Act. We develop an innovative methodology for analysing legislation that incorporates both structured content and reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show a striking consensus on representing access to HE as a social justice issue, but concepts of procedural fairness varied. Economic rationales intersected with justice narratives, positioning universal tuition as ensuring equal access to income, fostering ‘inclusive growth’ for national development that includes the private sector. The Philippines offers an instructive case for other liberal democracies where ‘who pays’ for higher education remains politically divisive. Our analysis suggests that legislators achieved consensus w by situating social justice as compatible with marketised, neo-liberal paradigms of higher education.