Tug Boats Research Articles

The Potential of Indonesia's Ship Engine Market to Attract Foreign Investors for Domestic Manufacturing

Indonesia is a prospective country for everyone to decide on an investment. There are four reasons to strengthen the motivation to invest some capital in the maritime industry sector. Moreover, Indonesia has approximately 342 shipbuilding companies and 127 ship component companies which spread out throughout the nation. However, Indonesia has no engine maker company yet and this is an opportunity for all investors who want to establish their own engine company or a branch in this country. The biggest opportunity is in the fishery sector with a growing number of fishing vessels and the Indonesian marine fishery production potential as the largest archipelagic country is still increasing. Furthermore, other opportunities are passenger ships, cargo ships, and tug boats because they have a significant number in the nation. In addition, Indonesia also gives several incentives to new investors, like a tax allowance, a super tax deduction, and an import duty facility. Ultimately, the prospect has been considered to involve responsibilities among shipowners, shipyards, main engine manufacturers, and the government.

Strength Evaluation of Combined New and Old Plates Welded Joint: Case of Anggada XV Tug Boat

Strength Evaluation of Combined New and Old Plates Welded Joint: Case of Anggada XV Tug Boat

Assessment of Dead Ship Condition by the IMO Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria for 5000HP Tug Boat

_ The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been discussing technical issues by dividing the second-generation intact stability criteria for ships into five types. In this paper, we paid attention to the dead ship condition and introduced the process for the assessment of Levels 1 and 2 in detail. Dead ship condition refers to a case where a large angle of rolling motion occurs due to waves incident on the side of the ship’s hull after the ship’s engine has failed. Basically, in the dead ship condition, if the Level 1 criterion for analysis related to the GZ curve is not satisfied, an evaluation is performed against the Level 2 criterion considering the hydrodynamics of waves. The method for the effective wave slope function required to obtain the spectrum of the effective relative roll angle, which is the most important factor in the calculation of Level 2, was implemented. In particular, unlike existing ship types in terms of various experiences, this study performed stability evaluation using special ship data of a 5000HP tug boat and obtained results that satisfied both Level 1 and 2 standards. Through this example of dead ship condition evaluation for a tug boat, we aim to ensure the expansion of IMO second-generation intact stability evaluation targets for various types of ships. Keywords IMO second generation intact stability criteria; dead ship condition; GZ curve; effective wave slope function; tug boat

Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China

The rapid growth of maritime traffic, transportation, and fishery activities has increased shipping emissions and degraded the air quality in coastal areas. As a result, controlling ocean-based pollution sources have become increasingly important. This study investigated the real-world emission characteristics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs, a group of highly toxic semi-volatile organic compounds) from five types of offshore ships using diesel oil: small and medium fishing ships, tug boats, ferry, and engineering ships, under various driving mode. Both gaseous and particle emission factors (EF) of four specific OPAHs were determined in our study. Among the OPAHs species emitted from ships, 9-fluorenone (9FO; 72%) and anthrathrace-9,10-quinone (ATQ; 25%) were the most abundant. The arithmetic mean of the sum of gaseous OPAHs EFs for all ships in this study was 2.5 ± 4.4 mg/kg fuel burned, and the mean particulate OPAHs EF was 4.7 ± 7.9 mg/kg. Small fishing ships had the highest total OPAHs EFs (31.0 ± 17.0 mg/kg). Apart from small fishing ships, there was no significant difference in the total EF of OPAHs for the other four types of ships. The emissions of the four OPAHs are predominantly in the particulate phase. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the four OPAHs under different driving mode. According to estimates, the annual OPAH emissions from the four types of ships in Hainan in 2017 were approximately 4.2 (range: 2.7–7.0) tons, dwarfing the OPAH emissions from diesel-powered on-road vehicles in China (23.5 kg).

Optimization of High Power SMES for Naval Applications

The electrification of transport has been no exception for waterborne vessels. The reduction of emissions, especially dur-ing port maneuvering and operation, has accelerated the transi-tion from fossil fuel to electric propulsion. Moreover, military ves-sels, with specialized electric weapon systems, or civil vessels, like offshore wind tug boats, have high power systems that additionally contribute to a higher electrification of the ship grid. Energy stor-age systems are essential to meet the power load economically and to improve the system`s reliability and efficiency. Therefore, the use of high energy density storage systems, as chemical batteries, or hydrogen fuel cells, has experienced a significant increase in de-mand. However, during high frequency load fluctuations, high en-ergy density storage systems are not capable to actuate, since the discharge rate of these systems is physically limited, which may provoke: deterioration and reduction of the lifetime of the storage systems, voltage and frequency fluctuation of the ship grid. To overcome this limitation, this paper studies the use of a Supercon-ducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) as a supporting energy storage device for the ship grid. The guidelines for dimensioning, in power and energy, the SMES are stablished. Furthermore, an optimization method is developed in order to compare different superconducting materials, and operating temperatures.

Analysis of technology readiness level of dual fuel harbor tug boat research achievement

Research and innovation of dual fuel harbor tug boat are carried out to meet eco-friendly vessel. The measure of technological readiness is an indicator of the utilization of the study outcomes that have been carried out. One approach that can be used is by mapping technology readiness, assessing the application of research and its implementation activities, lowering the risk of technology failure, and boosting the usage of research and development outcomes. In this paper, an analysis of technological readiness is carried out on the research results of a dual fuel tug boat using a scoring system called techno-meter. The results obtained are that the assessment of the research achievement of the dual fuel tug boat shows the level of technology readiness (TRL) at the 4th level. This shows that the resulting technological research has been validated through testing the scale of the hydrodynamic model which shows the feasibility of the design and maneuverability of the ship in the relevant environment with an achievement score is 80.66%

An investigation on material diversity of synthetic fiber ropes in the course stability of towing under wind

The synthetic fiber ropes are commonly employed as the main material for the towing line to connect the towed ship and tug boat. The diversity of material e.g. polyester, aramid, and HMPE could impact the behavior of towing system and lead the instability of towed ship. Following the practical method previously proposed for the towing system analysis, authors aim to present a numerical model to properly take into account the characteristics of fiber ropes into the towing system. Specially, the dynamic stiffness of fiber ropes which is determined according to the mean load of the towing line is considered when solving the governing equations in the time domain. A detailed iteration procedure for the calculation of dynamic stiffness is described. The performance of dynamic yaw and lateral offset of towed ship under various wind speeds are discussed. The effect of various types of fiber ropes for the towing line and the initial length is also investigated thoroughly. Results of case study show that diverse material characteristics could influence the ship’s directional stability significantly. The shorter towing line and stronger wind can reduce the fishtailing effect of the towed ship while the longer towing line would make the motion period larger.

The Study of Changing Anchor From Launching Model to Hanging Model on Barge Ship Owned by P.T. X

Anchor is a device for tethering a ship to the bottom of the water, in the sea, river, or lake, so that it does not move from place to place due to gusts of wind, current, or waves. Anchors are heavy equipment that is dropped to the seabed from a ship or boat to maintain its position so that it does not drift. PT X has several tug boats, small vessels whose function is to pull or push large ships in port. In addition, this ship also functions to pull barges filled with coal from the coal processing plant to be brought to the port, where the coal is unloaded to be carried by transport trucks. On these barges, damage to the anchor machine often occurs, especially the teeth on the gear-box, axle pulleys (pulleys), the main shaft of the main-gear (main gear), the gear-box casing, the teeth on the main-gear and others which have been sufficient so far. Interfere with operations, and the ship becomes idle. For this reason, this research was conducted to study the change in the anchor system from the glide model to a new system in the hanging model, in order to reduce the use of anchor winch power and avoid damage to the gear-box and anchor engine.

The FASTWATER Demonstrator: Retrofitting a Harbor Tug Boat to Methanol/Marine Gas Oil Dual-Fuel Operation

FASTWATER, with its full name: “FAST Track to Clean and Carbon-Neutral WATERborne Transport through Gradual Introduction of Methanol Fuel: Developing and Demonstrating an Evolutionary Pathway for Methanol Technology and Take-up”, is a project funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 framework which aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from waterborne transport by promoting renewable methanol as a marine fuel. Renewable methanol is a promising fuel not only because it is carbon-neutral, but also because it has the potential to lower the emissions and increase the efficiency of engines. Moreover, the existing fleet can also take advantage of using methanol as fuel with minor modifications. This paper will demonstrate this by going through the process of retrofitting a tug boat from the Port of Antwerp-Bruges, into dual-fuel, methanol and marine gas oil operation.

ANALISIS KEBERHASILAN AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) PADA KAPAL TUG BOAT LEO POWER 2206

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a navigation system capable of sending and receiving ship information with VHF radio waves and TDMA transmission. In an effort to improve ship safety, it is necessary to have an appropriate navigation device to be able to send ship information accurately and quickly. With the disturbance that occurs in the process of sending information through radio frequencies, it is necessary to have an understanding of the process of sending information using radio frequencies, especially in AIS technology. The success rate of this tool is closely related to the safety of passengers and crew. In this study, the authors conducted direct observations and interviews related to the performance and success rate of the AIS tool with a sample of sending data for 30 seconds with a case study on the use of AIS on the Tug Boat Leo Power 2206.

Getaran Torsional Sistem Propulsi Kapal Tug Boat

The Torsional Vibration of Propulsion System of the Tug Boat Ship. Vibrations that occur in the ship's propulsion system can cause reduced operating capability and cause damage to the ship's components, one of the vibrations that occur in the ship's propulsion system is torsional vibration. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of torque oscillations in Tugboat Ship propulsion systems and to find out the value of noise radiation following ICES 209 standard with variations of ST 60 steel material, stainless steel, and carbon steel, using analitical methods. The results obtained by the torque oscillation value of the propulsion system from Tugboat Ship BPW 3 with the variation of ST 60 steel material is 0.0004854, while for carbon steel material, the torque oscillation value is 0.0004690 and the propulsion system that uses stainless steel material variation is 0.0004527. The level of noise radiation (SL) that occurs in propulsion systems using variations of ST 60 steel material is 133.22 dB, while for carbon steel material is 133.23 dB and for stainless steel material is 133.25 dB, of the three noise radiation values (SL ) produced, is still included in the ICES 209 noise level standard.

라이다 센서를 이용한 접/이안 모니터링 시스템의 대형 선박 추적 방법

One of the port operations, the berthing of vessels, is done by a pilot and tug boats at the port because of the low maneuverability of large vessels near the port. However, as vessels approach the port, many accidents occur because the vessel’s surrounding environment or the port facilities cannot be accurately identified by the pilot. To resolve this problem, a LiDAR sensor-based monitoring system has been developed. As LiDAR technologies advances, the sensor provides long-range measurements, but with increased sparseness. Conventional point registration methods generally focus on how to handle uncertainties from sensor measurement noise and/or sparseness from the occlusion of the sensor field of view. In this paper, we propose frame-to-frame sparse point cloud registration by finding the best point-to-plane correspondences from multiple-plane hypotheses. The proposed method is verified with its own dataset and applied to the berthing monitoring system in the real port as a record of extremely rare points.

Analysis of Slow Coal Loading in MV. Placid Sea at Tabone Anchorage


 
 
 PT. Indo Dharma Transport Banjarmasin is located in South Kalimantan and is one of Indonesia's best ship agency companies. This research aims to determine the factors that cause the slow process of transferring or loading coal from barges to large ships on MV. Placid Sea in Taboneo Anchorage, Banjarmasin, and to find out how to minimize the loading time of coal from barges to large ships. This research was conducted at PT. Indo Dharma Transport Banjarmasin. This type of qualitative descriptive research is the result of research in the form of data not stated in numbers but presented in the form of a narrative. The results showed the slow process of transferrin or loading coal from barges to large ships on MV. The Placid Sea in Taboneo Anchorage was due to several factors that hindered the loading process, including damage to the loading and unloading equipment, bad weather, and the slow process of barging berthing. Therefore, periodic maintenance and checks on loading and unloading equipment are needed to avoid damage during the loading process and assist tug boats in barging and berthing.
 
 

Analisa Penetapan Harga Pokok Produksi Kerangka Baja Kapal

Since the beginning of the administration, Indonesian President Joko Widodo with the Nawa Cita program has initiated the strengthening of Indonesia's identity as a maritime country. President Joko Widodo also has a vision to restore Indonesia's maritime glory which can be achieved by developing the maritime sector. This study aims to provide an alternative in an effort to control production costs by using a standard costing system in which a standard price is first set to be compared/compared with what actually happened, and the comparison will show whether there is a difference that increases profits or similarly. Otherwise it will reduce profits in a company. And in determining and compiling the Cost of Production. Also the classification of Raw Material Costs. The variable to be explained in this study is to examine a small part of a steel frame production product for a new ship building a TB tug. MITRA UTAMA 01 (Length 120 Feet, Width 32, Height 8 Feet, Capacity 500 KL), ordered by PT. Pelayaran Mangkupalas Utama, The purpose of this research is to meet the needs in the transportation of goods by sea, because Indonesia is a maritime country and if this is fulfilled, the better. In this research, the method that I use is library research, field research, interviews and interviews, observation and documentation and the research technique is qualitative data analysis technique and quantitative data. The results of this study obtained specifications for tug boats or tug boats, the results of which can be determined as the cost of production of the steel frame of the ship. Due to the large number of variables, a new building production product for a ship has different characteristics with cost control. In addition, this is because the product of a ship's production also requires no more than a year to complete a new building project

Analisa Penetapan Harga Pokok Produksi Kerangka Baja Kapal

Since the beginning of the administration, Indonesian President Joko Widodo with the Nawa Cita program has initiated the strengthening of Indonesia's identity as a maritime country. President Joko Widodo also has a vision to restore Indonesia's maritime glory which can be achieved by developing the maritime sector. This study aims to provide an alternative in an effort to control production costs by using a standard costing system in which a standard price is first set to be compared/compared with what actually happened, and the comparison will show whether there is a difference that increases profits or similarly. Otherwise it will reduce profits in a company. And in determining and compiling the Cost of Production. Also the classification of Raw Material Costs. The variable to be explained in this study is to examine a small part of a steel frame production product for a new ship building a TB tug. MITRA UTAMA 01 (Length 120 Feet, Width 32, Height 8 Feet, Capacity 500 KL), ordered by PT. Pelayaran Mangkupalas Utama, The purpose of this research is to meet the needs in the transportation of goods by sea, because Indonesia is a maritime country and if this is fulfilled, the better. In this research, the method that I use is library research, field research, interviews and interviews, observation and documentation and the research technique is qualitative data analysis technique and quantitative data. The results of this study obtained specifications for tug boats or tug boats, the results of which can be determined as the cost of production of the steel frame of the ship. Due to the large number of variables, a new building production product for a ship has different characteristics with cost control. In addition, this is because the product of a ship's production also requires no more than a year to complete a new building project

Cavitation erosion risk assessment on a full-scale steerable thruster

Propeller cavitation erosion prediction at an early design stage is becoming more and more important since it is one of the key constraints in the search for maximum propeller efficiency. Despite the experience from model tests, cavitation erosion research on actual ship scale is very limited. In this study, an attempt is made to assess the erosion risk on the blades of a full-scale steerable thruster of a tug boat. Pressure side cavitation was detected on board for three different propeller designs. For the first time, a cavitation erosion analysis is performed on ship-scale, using a rigorous potential energy approach, which accounts for the focusing of the potential energy at the collapse center during the cavity collapse. A full sensitivity study has been performed for the blade surface accumulated energy. The erosion model shows the erosion risk for different propeller designs applied on the vessel, and different operating conditions, by looking at the surface specific energy on the blade. The erosion analysis shows locations of high erosion risk that show a good resemblance with the actual damage locations on the real blades.

On the feasibility of using canals for waste collection in Amsterdam

Amsterdam, a growing city of over 800,000 people in the Netherlands, is struggling to collect waste. While residents in most districts of the city use underground bins to deposit their garbage, the historic Centrum district continues to rely on curbside collection. As such, the streets around the UNESCO-World-Heritage canals are lined with garbage bags as trash trucks rumble down roads centuries old and ill-fitted for vehicles of such size. This paper assesses the viability of moving Centrum trash collection to the canals with a fleet of tug boats and floating dumpsters. It does so by using a combination of GIS tools and integer programming to determine the quantity and optimal collection locations while ensuring that an average Centrum resident walks no farther than denizens of the other Amsterdam districts. Additionally, it proposes a schedule for emptying floating dumpsters based on one comparable to the current truck system. The results of this paper suggest that mobile trash collection using the canals is a viable solution that could reduce noise, pollution, and congestion, thus improving the quality of Amsterdam’s historic cityscape.

On-site measured emission factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for different types of marine vessels

A portable emission sampling system was used to perform on-site measurements of the emission factors (EFs; quantities of pollutants emitted per unit of energy consumed) of 29 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for five types of marine vessels using light diesel in Hainan Province, China. Both gaseous- and particulate-phase PAHs from vessel emissions were sampled and measured using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the PAH EFs were calculated based on the carbon mass balance method. The average EFs of gaseous- and particulate-phase PAHs were 6.2 ± 7.8 and 17 ± 26 mg/kg, with naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) dominating the gaseous- and particulate-phase PAH emissions, respectively. Among the five types of vessels, the EFs for small fishing boats were significantly higher than those for other types of vessels, and the lowest EFs were found for tug boats. Composition profiles and typical isomer ratios of PAHs were calculated for five types of vessels. Particulate-phase PAHs accounted for 63 ± 16% of the total emissions of 29 PAH species, and the particulate/gaseous-phase partitioning of PAHs was dominated by organic carbon (OC) absorption rather than black carbon (BC) adsorption. Emission factors of PAHs under different activity conditions were measured and calculated, and relatively higher EFs were found in the maneuvering mode for medium fishing boats and in the operating mode for engineering vessels. No significant differences were found among the PAH composition profiles under different activity conditions.

Concept Of Present Practice In Choosing Of Optimal Number Of Tugs

The common practice in world-wide ports is that they have determined procedures regarding number of required tugs depending usually on most important factors such as weather criteria and size of vessel. This article presents various rules for some ports which is defined in their Safety Management System and criteria in choosing optimum number of tugs and optimum bollard pull. It is also described how various towage requirements can be assessed through the use of maritime simulators and which parameters are important and how the same can be obtained and assessed. General guidelines will also be defined in the article which must be taken into consideration for optimal choosing of tug boats. The science method used in this article is known as comparative analyses between computation and simulation on simulator; results are presented in figure 10.

Underwater noise of commercial vessels in Nusakambangan Strait and the relationship with distance

The existence of shipping activities can produce noise with certain characteristics as a main source of noise pollution in the waters. This research aimed to study the sound characteristics (frequency and sound pressure levels) of various type of commercial vessels crossing the Nusakambangan Strait, its relationship to the distance, and their potential impact to the marine biota. Noise frequency and sound pressure level were determined by spectral and envelope analysis from sound recording by hydrophone, while the type of vessel that produces noise and the distance from receiver were analyzed based on video recording. Relationship between frequency and sound pressure level to the distance were analyzed using simple linear regression. Results showed that frequency of noise is varied more clearly compared to the sound pressure level (1,7 – 20 kHz and 93.8 -117.8 dB re 1 μPa respectively) for each type of vessel (ro-ro ferry, small fishing boat, small ferry, tug boat and pilot boat) based on the size of the ship, engines type and power, loading capacity and vessels speed. Sound characteristics changed based on distance, where the frequency of sound increases (0.04 – 34.28 Hz.m-1) and different things for sound pressure level (0.04 – 0.11 dB dB re 1 μPa m-1). Estimated source level also differ from one ship to another (105 – 128 dB dB re 1 μPa). The existence of ship noise has the potential impacts on the presence of marine biota in these waters.