Tubular Wells Research Articles

WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE RECHARGE OF THE FREE AQUIFER IN THE GUARIROBA RIVER BASIN, CAMPO GRANDE – MS

The Guariroba river basin was decreed as an Environmental Protection Area (EPA), and with a surface of 360 km² it is of great importance to the municipality of Campo Grande because it supports almost half of the water supply system of the latter. The surface of the basin is predominantly covered by Cretaceous sediments of the Caiuá Group, which constitutes the free aquifer known as the Bauru Aquifer System (BAS). Recent studies have confirmed the contribution of the BAS in the maintenance of the base flow of surface drainage. Therefore, the quantification of groundwater recharge (GWR) becomes fundamental. This work used the water table fluctuation (WTF) method, based on variations in the piezometric surface-water measurement, to estimate the GWR of the basin. From Mar 2015–Feb 2017, monthly variations of the static level were registered in 13 tubular wells located in the Guariroba EPA. Considering a 1480 mm annual precipitation, the estimated average GWR was 356 mm⋅year–1, varying between 210–694 mm⋅year–1. Despite considering a lower value of the effective porosity parameter (Sy = 0.1) than the one suggested for the BAS, the estimated average GWR-to-precipitation ratio (24%) was more than double that the one adopted by the state environmental agency (10%).

Dense array of floating water droplets aligned to an assembly of tubular wells

A dense array of surfactant-stabilized water droplets (20 μm in diameter) floating on the surface of fluorinated oil was prepared. More than 30000 droplets were planarly arrayed in an 8 mm squared area using the “droplet guide”, an assembly of tubular wells located on the top wall of the fluidic channel. Parallel measurement of the melting temperatures of digitally partitioned KRAS DNAs hybridized with molecular beacons was demonstrated using the array of floating droplets.

Analysis of water supply sources in Kormilov district of Omsk region

The article describes the sources of water supply inKormilovka district of Omsk region. The main sources of water are surface waters of the Om and Taburga rivers, lakes and artificial reservoirs, groundwater. In general, the territory of Kormilovka district lacks fresh groundwater. Currently, water is supplied by hydraulic structures on the Omriver as part of water intake and treatment facilities, water pipelines and a pressure distribution network. Water supply from underground sources is carried out from tubular wells with a depth of 5.0 - 9.0 m, from wells with a depth of 200 m and deep-water wells of about 1100 m. Water intakes from underground sources are available in almost all rural settlements, but they are used for technical and (or) economic purposes. An ecological assessment of the state of surface and underground sources isprovided. The results of an analysis of the geological and hydrogeological situation are presented. Of greatest interest are Neogene-Quaternary, Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene and Lower Upper Cretaceous (Pokursky) complexes. According to the generalized characteristics of quality of groundwater from three underground aquifers in Kormilovka district, the most acceptable is the Pokursky aquifer, since itsgroundwaters are less mineralized, softer, more protected, and, consequently, their microbiological and parasitic indicators comply with the sanitary standards. When using both surface and groundwater for household and drinking purposes, it is environmentally safe for the population only after adjusting such indicators as turbidity, color, chlorine, iron, and dry residue content and bringing the microbiological indicators to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 and SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96.

Groundwater governance: The illegality of exploitation and ways to minimize the problem.

In Brazil, there are about 2.5 million tubular wells in which 88% of them are illegal, extracting more than 17,580 Mm3/yr. This irregular use may cause sustainability issues that may be economic, social, or environmental (overexploitation, well losses and associated increases of water conflicts; aquifer contamination; and land subsidence). This paper aims to address the illegal wells in Brazil and discuss measures to minimize it. Conclusions indicate that users do not understand the aquifer dynamic and, therefore, do not have a proper understanding of problems such as loss of water quality and quantity caused by the excess of groundwater exploitation. This creates a false idea that there are no water conflicts among users, which causes a lack of engagement by society. Without groundwater users and stakeholder pressure, the government does not aim to control or close illegal wells, and the "vicious cycle" persists. The one way to break this "vicious cycle" would be programs of social communication and users' participation, coupled with improvements to the control apparatus and inspection from State institutions, making sure that there is correct management and not only legislations that are not applied.

Internet of Water Things: A Remote Raw Water Monitoring and Control System

The scarcity of the planet's water resources is a concern of several international entities and governments. Smart solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining prominence with advances in communication technology. This work's primary goal is to develop a new online system to monitor and manage water resources, called Internet of Water Things (IoWT). The proposed system's objective would be to control and manage raw water resources. Thus, it has developed a platform based on the server-less architecture and Internet of Things Architectural Reference Model, in which it is applied in a simulation environment, considering several electronic devices to validate its performance. For this research, there is a system for capturing raw water from tubular wells. Each well has a level sensor, a temperature sensor and a rain gauge. The data is collected every minute by an electronic device and sent every hour to the IoWT system. From data analysis, the amount of memory allocated to functions minimally interferes with efficiency. The IoWT system, applied in a real case, consists of connecting a device installed in a water well to the platform, where the data is transmitted through a 3G network and then processed. Thus, the proposed approach has great potential to be considered a complementary tool in monitoring raw water and assisting in decision-making for the management of water resources.

AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRICT DERA GHAZI KHAN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

The study area is located in the arid section of Punjab province, Pakistan. The accessibility of freshwater is the main problem in this area. The area is mainly flat and alluvial deposits are present down to 800 m. The groundwater is not fit for drinking because of its salinity. Hence, it is essential to mark the transition between fresh water and saltwater. Resistivity models were used to locate freshwater areas. The saltwater areas are between 10 and 30 m deep. Salt flats and clayrich deposits are visible on resistivity maps and were identified by low resistance values. After linking resistivity data and maps, it is determined that the south portion of the area has a freshwater aquifer, especially at a depth of 200 m. At this depth, the quality of water is very good, regardless of its mild salinity in some areas. The margin between salty and freshwater is set to no degree. This is dependent upon the recharge and usage of an aquifer. Groundwater pollution poses a severe threat to the city’s residents. Results from the physio-chemical analysis of the water samples confirm the presence of arsenic in excessive amounts in water samples and are outside the limits set by the WHO and NDWQS. Just two out of 10 samples are within the limits for safe drinking water. The results of this research are valued for groundwater management and the installation of tubular wells in freshwater areas for households and irrigation purposes.

Natural Hydrogeochemical Background Levels in the Carste Lagoa Santa Protection Unit, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The identification of hydrogeochemical anomalies in karst water resources represents a crucial step in Brazil's water management plans. Accelerated urban and industrial development occurs in the region that includes the Carste Lagoa Santa Protection Unit, State of Minas Gerais, which may negatively impact its water quality. This paper establishes Natural Background Levels (NBL) of waters collected from deep tubular wells and springs for Si4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, SO42, Cl− to understand sources of possible geogenic and anthropogenic anomalies. Areas with surpassed thresholds were compared with geological, hydrogeochemical, and land use data. Every parameter, except for chloride, showed elevated concentrations due to lithologic origin. The NBLs for waters of wells and springs are, respectively, 17.9 and 12.7 mg/L (silica), 97.0 and 91.5 mg/L (calcium), 4.9 and 2.9 mg/L (magnesium), 6.2 and 3.8 mg/L (sodium), 1.0 and 0.3 mg/L (potassium), 285.5 and 254.6 mg/L (bicarbonate), 9.4 and 13.6 mg/L (sulfate). Chloride, analyzed only in groundwater, presented 6.7 mg/L indicating a possible influence of upstream urban areas of Lagoa Santa and Pedro Leopoldo municipalities. Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds were also analyzed, but all of them were below the detection limit. This work is important to comprehend the NBL of major elements, reveal geogenic anomalies, and distinguish carbonate aquifer units from the impure ones.

Seasonal variations of the isotopic ratios for oxygen and deuterium in the groundwater of the Serra Geral Aquifer System in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

This paper presents the results of the monitoring of oxygen (18O) and deuterium (2H) isotopes in groundwater of the Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS) in the region of Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. Rainwater, and water from 12 tubular wells of the SGAS was collected monthly (from April to November). The results indicated that groundwater originates from meteoric water. For rainwater, values were found to be between -11.73 and -3.25‰V-SMOW for δ18O and -61.56 and -8.63‰V-SMOW for δ2H. The air masses simulated by the HYSPLIT model revealed that retro-trajectories for depleted rainfall (d18O <—7.5‰) are mostly influenced by moisture transported from Antarctica, through the Atlantic Polar mass (April, October, and November months). For enriched rainfall, the Atlantic Ocean appears as a more important moisture source, with most of the trajectories coming from this region. This moisture transport pattern occurred mainly during winter, when the South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone is closer to the continent. For groundwater, the monthly average values of all wells ranged from -9.02 to -5.06‰V-SMOW for δ18O and from -43.32 to -27.27‰V-SMOW for δ2H and indicated a similar trend in rainwater. Thus, the results show the different climatic conditions that occur over the months, influence of recharge processes, and isotopic ratios of groundwater.

Variação espaço/temporal da qualidade da água subterrânea do Município Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará

A água potável para consumo humano tornou-se um bem escasso e valioso, sendo necessária uma avaliação de sua qualidade para os diversos usos. Objetivou-se, portanto, verificar a qualidade da água subterrânea de do Munícipio de Juazeiro do Norte, oriundas de poços tubulares operados pela CAGECE, na bacia do Rio Salgado, sob aspectos físico-químico, referentes a variação espaço/temporal. Os parâmetros foram estudados no período de estiagem, referentes a 33 poços de patrimônio da CAGECE, totalizando 124 amostras, divididas nos 4 períodos. Para o fator espacial, destaca-se variações significativas nos níveis de 5%, de probabilidade nos parâmetros pH, alcalinidade, cálcio, cloreto, ferro, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD) e condutividade elétrica (CE). “Níveis de 1% e 0,1%” foram detectados em todos os poços com o Nitrato, através do teste de Tukey. As águas subterrâneas apresentaram em sua maioria características de mista bicarbonatada. A água do município foi considerada potável, porém algumas áreas de acordo com a pesquisa apresentam indícios de contaminação em relação ao parâmetro nitrato e ferro, verificados em poços traçados neste estudo.

Influences of geological formations on water flow in wells in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni

The present work had as main objective to associate the water flow rates found in tubular wells with the geological formations in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni in Brazil. This study focused on the identification of lithological formation at the well sites and whether the presence or absence of water in them is influenced by them. For this, data were collected from all tubular wells registered in the Groundwater Information System (SIAGAS) in the study area. This system is a database with all available information about groundwater wells collected in Brazil. In total, 200 data were found in the system, 74 from tubular wells, 117 from spring, 7 from excavated wells (cacimba/cistern) and 2 from monitoring wells. However, only 53 wells identified in the fissural system in the study area had flow data, static and dynamic levels. Those wells that lacked information about geological formation were analyzed together with geological maps. The results achieved that the Tumiritinga, Tonalito São Vitor and Granito Criciúma formations obtained the best well flow averages after stabilization, respectively with the values of 19.78, 18.58 and 17.36 m³/h. Wells 55 and 63 had the highest flow rates. It was noted that both were close to small lagoons that may be contributing to the maintenance of their recharge.

Aplicação do método AHP para confecção de modelo de favorabilidade hídrica subterrânea de aquíferos fraturados

A locação de poços tubulares em aquíferos fraturados é complexa devido à dificuldade de se encontrar água nestes meios, de alta heterogeneidade e anisotropia. Há várias propostas metodológicas que têm como objetivo encontrar áreas mais favoráveis para a produção de água nestes aquíferos, que normalmente envolvem condicionantes geológicos e geomorfológicos. No presente trabalho, pretende-se definir um mapa de favorabilidade hídrica subterrânea para uma área a norte do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG) por meio da integração dos mapas litológico, de declividade, HAND (Height Above the Nearest Drainage) e densidade de lineamentos morfoestruturais, magnetométricos e radiométricos. Para tal, adotou-se o método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), que possibilita a integração de vários planos de informação de forma menos subjetiva. O mapa de favorabilidade, validado com dados de capacidade específica de 361 poços tubulares, mostrou que os fatores condicionantes mais relevantes são em ordem decrescente, o HAND, declividade, densidade de lineamentos e litologia. Com os resultados, criou-se um modelo de favorabilidade hídrica subterrânea para a área de estudo, que poderá ser utilizado em outras regiões similares.

Levantamento das características hidrogeológicas do Aquífero Bar-reiras e Itapecuru na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paciência-MA

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Paciência, localiza-se na região central da Ilha do Maranhão, e possui uma área de 145,7 km², sendo constituída pelo rio principal Paciência, que possui uma extensão de 32 km, sendo um dos mais importantes mananciais genuinamente ludovicense. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal de contribuir para o conhecimento do comportamento hidrodinâmico dos aquíferos pertencentes aos Grupos Barreiras e Itapecuru, destacando suas potencialidades e vulnerabilidade bem como subsidiar para um acréscimo de conhecimento desses parâmetros no qual são imprescindíveis para a tomada de decisão pelos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão hídrica das cidades. A caracterização dos aquíferos Barreiras e Itapecuru foi realizada a partir da análise dos dados hidrodinâmicos dos 13 poços tubulares da CAEMA e de 12 poços tubulares pertencentes ao SAAE (Paço do Lumiar). Dentre os resultados obtidos na análise das características hidrodinâmicas dos poços, destaca-se que os poços da CAEMA, possuem as seguintes medias: Profundidade de 69m, Vazão de 19,04 m³/h, Nível Estático de 19,20m, Rebaixamento de 4,75m e uma Espessura de 38m, os poços do SAAE, possuem as seguintes medias: Profundidade de 56,83m e Vazão de 24,16 m³/h. Partindo da análise desses dados compreende-se que se faz necessário aplicabilidade de políticas ambientais que possam coibir o uso inadequado desses aquíferos, sobretudo por sua grande importância para manutenção de hídrica na Ilha.

Irrigation Water Quality of a Community Garden Complex in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

Microbiological, physical, chemical, cytotoxic, and genotoxic analyses of waters from ten tubular wells intended for irrigation of a community garden complex in the state of Piaui, northeastern Brazil, were carried out in two periods of 2018 (rainy and drought). All wells in both periods were contaminated with total coliforms, and wells P1, P3, P5, and P10 also had fecal coliforms. The waters, in the two collections performed, presented low concentration of dissolved oxygen, and nitrate and chlorine concentrations higher than allowed by law. Water from P1, P3, P5, and P10 were cytotoxic to root meristem cells of A. cepa in the two periods studied. However, no water sample was genotoxic to root meristems. The results show that the analyzed waters are contaminated with untreated effluents as well as with pesticides. Such conditions are pointed out because the rivers near these wells are degraded by human activities, and the gardens where the wells are found have ditches, sinks, and black cesspools for the disposal of sewage. In view of this, the intervention of the State Government in these places is necessary, since the evaluated wells irrigate community gardens in overcrowded poor neighborhoods, and from there comes part of the food of their residents. Another activity for the government is to put in place management plans for the restoration of rivers and the implementation of public sanitation in the neighborhoods where the wells are located.

Quality of the groundwater of the Serra Geral Aquifer System of Santa Catarina west region, Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater located in the west of Santa Catarina state, at Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS). It was selected 100 deep tubular wells distributed in urban and rural areas. 300 wells samples were collected at three different periods (march, september and november of 2014), which were submitted to heavy metal analysis (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn), nitrogen compounds (NO2−, NO3− e NH4+), pH, electrical conductivity, and turbidity. The results showed high levels of Fe and Mn, 31% and 85%, respectively, with not agreement with Brazil Ministry of Health Decree 2.914 of 2011 for human consumption. For the Cd, Cu, Mg, Pb, Zn analysis and nitrogen compound the results obtained agreed with the levels established in the current Brazilian legislation. On the other hand, for Cu, NO2− e NO3− analysis, it was observed the relation between sample and soil occupation, where high metal presence was observed in the urban perimeter, showing the relation with human occupation (population density in urban and rural areas). The influence of the geological formation in the presence of metals (Fe, Mg and Mn) in the groundwater of the study region was also observed.

Análise da compartimentação estrutural do sistema aquífero embasamento cristalino no município de Bagé (RS) com base no uso de lineamentos (SRTM e magnéticos) e de dados hidrogeológicos

Esse artigo apresenta o estudo de avaliação da compartimentação e do comportamento hidrogeológico do Sistema Aquífero Embasamento Cristalino, no município de Bagé (RS). Para realização desse estudo, foram utilizados dados hidrogeológicos de 174 poços tubulares e dados de lineamentos obtidos de imagens SRTM e de levantamento aerogeofísico. Para realizar a avaliação estrutural da área, foram traçados lineamentos morfoestruturais nas imagens SRTM, em diferentes escalas (1:1.000.000; 1:500.000 e 1:250.000), bem como foram identificadas estruturas por meio da análise e interpretação dos dados aeromagnéticos. Esses dados foram utilizados visando identificar a existência de compartimentos estruturais. Os dados dos poços tubulares foram analisados e utilizados na caracterização hidrogeológica da área de estudo e dos compartimentos estruturais. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de cinco estruturas principais, que possuem extensões entre 8,62 e 30km. Com base nessas estruturas, foram definidas cinco zonas (Z1 a Z5) que possuem características distintas. A Zona 1 apresenta os principais trends para N80-90E e N60-70E, capacidade específica de 0,005 m3/h/m e vazão de 0,46 m3/h. Na Zona 2 os principais trends são para N20-30E, N50-60E e N30-40E, a capacidade específica máxima é de 6,93 m3/h/m, com vazão máxima de 16,5 m3/h. Na Zona 3 os trends são N50-60E, N40-50E e N30-40E, com capacidade específica máxima de 3 m3/h/m e vazão máxima de 20,37 m3/h. Na Zona 4 os principais trends são para N70-80E e N20-30E, com capacidade específica máxima de 2,13 m3/h/m e vazão máxima de 12 m3/h. Por fim, na Zona 5 os trends principais são para N70-80E, N20-30E e N00-10W, com capacidade específica máxima de 1,5 m3/h/m e vazão máxima de 30 m3/h. Esses resultados demonstram que a região do município de Bagé se apresenta compartimentada, com zonas apresentando diferentes produtividades e trends estruturais, sendo que a Zona 2 apresenta estruturas que estão associadas a maior produtividade de poços. Assim, a análise de lineamentos magnéticos e morfoestruturais, demonstra ser um estudo que tem importância na avaliação da compartimentação estrutural e hidrogeológica de áreas com ocorrência de aquíferos fraturados.

Vulnerabilidade dos Aquíferos do Município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, utilizando o Método GOD

Este trabalho investigou a vulnerabilidade dos aquíferos do município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, um sistema aquífero fissural nos domínios do Complexo Cristalino, e, granular, no domínio das rochas sedimentares. Esse sistema aquífero apresenta-se, em geral, livre e pouco profundo, com superfície piezométrica em torno de 6m, e zona não saturada dominada por materiais argilo-areno-siltosos e, eventualmente, arenosos finos. Utilizou-se a metodologia GOD para cálculo da vulnerabilidade intrínseca do aquífero, através da avaliação numérica dos parâmetros hidrogeológicos do sítio: G (tipo de aquífero), O (tipo de solo), D (profundidade até o aquífero), todos obtidos com base em interpretação das fichas de perfuração de poços tubulares dos bancos de dados da CERB e da CPRM/SIAGAS, e de alguns poços de pesquisa, perfurados até o ano de 2006. A metodologia GOD revelou que a vulnerabilidade natural dos aquíferos da cidade de Salvado é baixa à insignificante nos trechos mais argilosos e elevados; e, alta à extrema, nos trechos mais arenosos que ocorrem nos vales e baixadas. O mapa das classes de vulnerabilidade revelaram os trechos com potencial de água subterrânea não potável, devido a risco de contaminação por atividades antrópicas nelas instaladas.

Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity

Groundwater samples were collected from the tubular wells of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP), and the psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacteria inhabiting the collected groundwater were cultured and isolated. Using the isolated bacteria, we analyzed temperature-dependent changes in autochthonous bacteria based on the operation of the GWHP. Microbial culture identified eight species of bacteria: five species of thermophilic bacteria (Anoxybacillus tepidamans, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Deinococcus geothermalis, Effusibacillus pohliae, and Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum), one species of mesophilic bacteria (Lysobacter mobilis), and two species of psychrophilic bacteria (Paenibacillus elgii and Paenibacillus lautus). The results indicated A. tepidamans as the most dominant thermophilic bacterium in the study area. Notably, the Anoxybacillus genus was previous reported as a microorganism capable of creating deposits that clog above-ground wells and filters at geothermal power plants. Additionally, we found that on-site operation of the GWHP had a greater influence on the activity of thermophilic bacteria than on psychrophilic bacteria among autochthonous bacteria. These findings suggested that study of cultures of thermophilic bacteria might contribute to understanding the bio-clogging phenomena mediated by A. tepidamans in regard to GWHP-related thermal efficiency.

Simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater by GC-FID after solid-phase extraction

Groundwater contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may pose a risk to human health, as these compounds are considered to be highly toxic, carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and bioaccumulative. The aim of this study was to evaluate and determine PAH levels in groundwater samples collected from tubular wells in a city of northern Brazil by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) used by the population for consumption. Sample pre-treatment using solid-phase extraction cartridges was performed in order to promote an enrichment of the PAH fraction of interest and to remove interferences from the matrix to further determine PAH in samples by GC-FID. The results obtained showed that all groundwater samples studied presented PAH levels lower than maximum values allowed by MS 2914/2011 and CONAMA 396/2008. The developed procedure is characterized by low limits of detection and quantification, equal to 0.024–0.113 µg L−1 and 0.079–0.378 μg L−1, respectively, good linearity (r2 > 0.99). The recoveries obtained for 16 PAH by the addition and recovery method ranged from 85.4 to 105.7% with good precision (RSD < 5.0%). The results of this study showed that the method developed is fast, accurate and robust with high efficiency for identification and determination of 16 PAH in groundwater samples.

Gross alpha/beta radioactivity and radiation dose in thermal and non-thermal spas groundwaters

Gross alpha and gross beta activities have been determined in thermal and non-thermal spas groundwaters (75) occurring at São Paulo and Minas Gerais states in Brazil as they are ingested in public places, bottled and used for bathing purposes, among other. The samples provided from springs and pumped tubular wells drilled at different aquifer systems inserted in Paraná and Southeastern Shield hydrogeological provinces. The WHO guideline reference value proposed in 2011 for the drinking water quality was never reached for the gross alpha activity (0.5 Bq/L) but it was exceeded in 13 groundwater samples for the gross beta activity (1 Bq/L). Available activity concentration data of the natural radionuclides 40K, 228Ra (232Th-daughter), 238U and descendants (234U, 226Ra, 222Rn, 210Pb, 210Po) allowed calculate the total Committed Effective Dose (CED) based on a drinking water ingestion rate of 2 L/day. The WHO reference level of 0.1 mSv per year for the CED was surpassed in a high number of water sources (62 (83%) or 41 (55%), disregarding radon), denoting the relevance of the radiological surveys detailing as much as possible the dissolved radionuclides present in potable waters, despite the analytical difficulties and costs involved.

Water quality of small ruminant production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the microbiological and physical-chemical factors that affect the water quality for small ruminants of production in the Brazilian semiarid region. Water samples were collected from 23 farms during the months of February to April 2018, directly from the point of animal consumption (drinking fountains). Total coliform (TC) ranged from 2.0 to >1.6 × 103 MLN 100mL−1 and Thermotolerant coliform (TTC) ranged from <1.8 to >1.6 × 103 MLN 100mL−1, with the presence of Escherichia coli (EC) in 73.91% of the samples analyzed. Only 43.47% of the samples presented a pH within the ideal range (6–9). Total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranged from 30.08 to 1881.60 ppm. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was 0.15 to 1.55 ppm and nitrate (NTT) was 0.13 to 44.99 ppm. Water samples from tubular and artesian wells were considered mostly unsuitable for animal watering. Physical-chemical parameters were interfered due to local geology and the microbiological quality of the water. The implementation of preventive measures, such as the periodic cleaning of drinkers and the adoption of treatments like chlorination, can guarantee adequate water consumption, without causing sanitary problems or intoxications to the animals. Abbreviations CDF: Cleaning of drinking fountains; DFM: Drinking Fountain Material; EC: Escherichia coli; DS: Degree of Salinity; WS: Water source; WC: water classification; TC: Total coliform; TTC: Thermotolerant coliform; DO: Dissolved oxygen; TDS: Total dissolved solids; NTT: Nitrate.