Tubular Urate Transport Research Articles

Effect of splanchnicotomy on the renal excretion of uric acid in anaesthetized dogs.

The renal excretion of uric acid was examined during acute i.v. urate (Ua) loading on unilaterally splanchnicotomized ("renal denervation") anaesthetized mongrel dogs. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in general was not different in innervated and denervated kidneys, whereas urine flow (V) and urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) on the splanchnicotomized side were significantly increased at any plasma concentration of Ua. The excretion (UUaV) and tubular transport (TUa) of urate calculated for unit GFR were considerably increased and depressed, respectively, at normal plasma Ua level and during minor urate loading (plasma concentration up to 4.7 mg%). Above this plasma level, i.e. up to 24.6 mg%, no difference in net urate reabsorption between intact and sympathectomized organs was found. It is suggested that both reabsorption and secretion of Ua in denervated kidneys are diminished.

Dissociation of urate from sodium transport in the rat proximal tubule

The tubular transport of urate and sodium was examined by clearance, free-flow micropuncture, intratubular microinjection and precession techniques in control rats and in rats receiving a new uricosuric diuretic, indanyloxyacetic acid (MK-196). The i.v. infusion of MK-196 (50 mg/kg of body wt/hr) resulted in significant increases in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) from 0.98 +/- 0.01 to 11.86 +/- 2.88% (P less than 0.001) and in FEurate from 14.1 +/- 1.03 to 56.0 +/- 2.86% (P less than 0.001). End-proximal tubular fluid to plasma inulin (TF/Pinulin) ratios were 2.43 +/- 0.15 and 2.51 +/- 0.10 in control and drug-treated animals, respectively (P = NS). Total urinary urate recovery after MK-196 administration was higher following microinjections of [2-14C] urate into early proximal tubule sites: 70.5 +/- 2.7% in controls vs. 84.9 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.001), and after microinjections into late proximal tubule sites: 82.8 +/- 2.9% vs. 91.3 +/- 1.9 (P less than 0.05). Urinary precession of urate from inulin was demonstrable following placement of isotopes of these compounds on the surface of the kidney in controls, but was abolished by MK-196. This agent, therefore, inhibits the reabsorption and secretion of urate in the proximal convoluted tubule, the net effect being a marked increase in urinary urate excretion. By contrast, its inhibitory effect on sodium reabsorption is exerted at a site or sites distal to the accessible portion of the proximal tubule. The demonstration of reduced urate reabsorption and normal sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule suggests that the reabsorption of these constituents of the glomerular filtrate is not intimately linked at this nephron site.

Postsecretory reabsorption of urate in man.

These results are consistent with a model for renal tubular transport of urate in which there is reabsorption of both filtered and secreted urate. Urate secretion greatly exceeds total urate excretion, and most secreted urate is reabsorbed. At least a portion of urate reabsorption occurs at a site distal to or coextensive with the urate secretory site. There appear to be at least two distinct reabsorptive mechanisms for urate. The results of the flow rate and vasopressin studies are consistent with the hypothesis that urate reabsorption occurs in both the distal and the proximal tubule in man. The distal reabsorptive site appears to be quite small. It may be passive since it does not appear to be inhibited by uricosuric drugs. This reabsorptive site may account for less than 15% of total urate reabsorption. Both volume expansion and probenecid may inhibit urate absorption only in the proximal tubule. Thus reabsorption in the proximal tubule coud account for more than 90% of total urate reabsorption. Reabsorption at the postulated collecting duct reabsorptive site appears to be too small in magnitude to account for all reabsorptions of secreted urate. This could be explained if the reabsorptive site in the proximal tubule is coextensive with or distal to the secretory site. Alternatively, there might be two reabsorptive sites in the proximal tubule: a presecretory site accounting for the reabsorption of most filtered urate, and a site either coextensive or distal to the secretory site accounting for a major component of reabsorption of secreted urate. Finally urate reabsorption would also take place in the collecting duct, perhaps at a passive, flow-dependent site.

Comparison of renal tubular transport of urate and PAH in water snakes: Evidence for differences in mechanisms and sites of transport

1. 1. Relationship between renal tubular transport of urate and p-aminohippurate (PAH) in water snakes of genus Natrix was studied in vivo and in vitro. 2. 2. PAH did not inhibit endogenous urate secretion in vivo. PAH did not inhibit uptake of urate, and urate did not inhibit uptake of PAH by kidney slices in vitro. Probenecid inhibited tubular secretion of urate and PAH in vivo and their uptake by kidney slices in vitro, but inhibition of urate transport was more marked than that of PAH transport. These data suggest that transport mechanisms for these two organic acids may differ. 3. 3. Ligation of renal portal vein had little effect on tubular urate secretion but tended to eliminate net tubular PAH secretion, suggesting that tubular transport sites for these two organic acids may differ.

Effects of K, Na, and ouabain on urate and PAH uptake by snake and chicken kidney slices.

ARTICLESEffects of K, Na, and ouabain on urate and PAH uptake by snake and chicken kidney slicesWH DantzlerWH DantzlerPublished Online:01 Nov 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1510MoreSectionsPDF (3 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByRenal and extrarenal regulation of body fluid compositionRenal Organic Cation and Anion Transport: From Physiology to GenesOrganic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiologyBiopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, Vol. 11Transepithelial urate transport by avian renal proximal tubule epithelium in primary cultureJournal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 208, No. 22Regulation of renal proximal and distal tubule transport: sodium, chloride and organic anionsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 136, No. 3Assessment of tissue-level kidney functions with primary culturesComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 128, No. 2Renal and Extrarenal Regulation of Body Fluid CompositionConcentrating ability of the Bothrops jararaca gallbladderComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 123, No. 1Vertebrate Renal System1 January 2011Renal tubular secretion of organic anionsAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 25, No. 2-3Renal function and organic anion and cation transport during dehydration and/or food restriction in chickensJournal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 166, No. 2Comparative aspects of renal urate transportKidney International, Vol. 49, No. 6Renal Transport of Organic Acids and Bases in Nonmammalian VertebratesEffect of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses on renal function in young male broiler chickensBritish Poultry Science, Vol. 35, No. 3Comparative Physiology of the Kidney1 January 2011Renal Excretion and Tubular Transport of Organic Anions and Cations1 January 2011The pathophysiological effects of water and feed restriction in chickensAvian Pathology, Vol. 20, No. 4Concentrative uptake of digoxin by slices of chicken renal cortexBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 39, No. 4Organic acid (or anion) and organic base (or cation) transport by renal tubules of nonmammalian vertebratesJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 249, No. 3Luminal and peritubular steps in renal transport ofBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes, Vol. 906, No. 2Urate and p-aminohippurate transport in isolated kidney tubules of normal and hyperuricemic chickensComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 86, No. 4Nature of Na+-independent stimulation of renal transport of p-aminohippurate by exogenous metabolitesBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 32, No. 18Micropuncture study of urate transport by superficial nephrons in avian (Sturnus vulgaris) kidneyPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 397, No. 3Variation in the Potassium Needs of Chickens Selected Genetically for Variation in Blood Uric Acid ConcentrationsPoultry Science, Vol. 62, No. 2Avian Gout Caused by Oosporein, a Mycotoxin Produced by Chaetomium trilateralePoultry Science, Vol. 60, No. 11Characteristics of p-Aminohippurate Transport in the Mammalian KidneyRenal Handling of UrateComparative Physiology of the Renal Transport of Organic SolutesDrug and Chemical Effects on Membrane TransportThe Renal Proximal TubuleUrate Excretion in Nonmammalian VertebratesCoupling between proximal tubular transport processesPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 368, No. 3Chemical instability of [2-14C]uric acid in alkaline solution: The effect on observed kinetics of urate transport in human erythrocytesAnalytical Biochemistry, Vol. 75, No. 2Renal tubular mechanisms of organic solute transportKidney International, Vol. 9, No. 2Urate excretion by the avian kidneyComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 51, No. 2Effects of incubations in low potassium and low sodium media on Na-K-ATPase activity in snake and chicken kidney slicesComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 41, No. 1Effects of a high protein, “carbohydrate-free” diet on liver and kidney constituents and kidney function in chicksComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 40, No. 4Relation of potassium to urate accumulation by kidney slices from desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 40, No. 2Comparison of renal tubular transport of urate and PAH in water snakes: Evidence for differences in mechanisms and sites of transportComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 34, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 217Issue 5November 1969Pages 1510-1519 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1510PubMed5346320History Published online 1 November 1969 Published in print 1 November 1969 Metrics

Effect of metabolic alkalosis and acidosis on tubular urate secretion in water snakes.

ARTICLESEffect of metabolic alkalosis and acidosis on tubular urate secretion in water snakesWH DantzlerWH DantzlerPublished Online:01 Sep 1968https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.747MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByInitial Process in Urine Formation6 July 2016Transport of Inorganic Ions by Renal Tubules6 July 2016Transport of Organic Substances by Renal Tubules6 July 2016Renal plasticity in response to feeding in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatusComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 188Osmoregulation and Excretion19 March 2014Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Reptiles5 February 2014Ammonia functions as a regulatory molecule to mediate adjustments in glomerular filtration rate in response to changes in metabolic rateMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 57, No. 6Basolateral regulation of pHiin isolated snake renal proximal tubules in presence and absence of bicarbonateWilliam H. Dantzler, Oscar K. Serrano, Diane E. Abbott, Yung Kyu Kim, and Olga H. Brokl1 June 1999 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 276, No. 6Vertebrate Renal System1 January 2011Renal Transport of Organic Acids and Bases in Nonmammalian VertebratesComparative Physiology of the Kidney1 January 2011Net tubular secretion of bicarbonate by the alligator kidney. Antimammalian response to acetazolamideKidney International, Vol. 28, No. 5Effects of temperature on acid and base excretion in a lizard,Dipsosaurus dorsalisJournal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 154, No. 1Acid and base excretion: Assessment and relationships to diet and urine compositionComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 66, No. 3Kidney and bladder function in a uricotelic treefrog (Phyllomedusa sauvagei)Journal of Comparative Physiology ? B, Vol. 133, No. 3Urate Excretion in Nonmammalian VertebratesDrugs Affecting the Renal Handling of Uric AcidThe excretion of hyperosmotic urine and other aspects of the electrolyte balance of the lizard Amphibolurus maculosusComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 54, No. 3Renal function in goutThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 59, No. 5Urate and cation interactions in the liquid and precipitated fractions of avian urine, and speculations on their physico-chemical stateComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 48, No. 1Renal mechanisms for regulation of uric acid excretion, with special reference to normal and gouty manSeminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, Vol. 2, No. 1Excretion of urate salts by reptilesComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 41, No. 3Relation of potassium to urate accumulation by kidney slices from desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 40, No. 2Plasma-Renin-Aktivität der Ratte bei systemischer Alkalose und AcidoseZeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschließlich experimentelle Chirurgie, Vol. 153, No. 3Water and electrolyte balance of the desert iguana, dipsosaurus dorsalis, in its natural habitatComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 35, No. 4Absorption of water and electrolytes from the cloaca of an Australian lizard, Varanus gouldii (gray)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 35, No. 3Comparison of renal tubular transport of urate and PAH in water snakes: Evidence for differences in mechanisms and sites of transportComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 34, No. 3Comparison of renal function of bull and water snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus and natrix sipedon)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 32, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 215Issue 3September 1968Pages 747-751 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1968 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.747PubMed5671016History Published online 1 September 1968 Published in print 1 September 1968 Metrics

Glomerular and tubular effects of arginine vasotocin in water snakes (Natrix sipedon).

ARTICLESGlomerular and tubular effects of arginine vasotocin in water snakes (Natrix sipedon)WH DantzlerWH DantzlerPublished Online:01 Jan 1967https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.1.83MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByKidney functional morphology variations between spring and winter in the Saharan male lizard Uromastyx acanthinura (Sauria, Agamidae), with special reference to body water economyTissue and Cell, Vol. 67Initial Process in Urine Formation6 July 2016Transport of Inorganic Ions by Renal Tubules6 July 2016Diluting and Concentrating Mechanism6 July 2016Osmoregulation and Excretion19 March 2014Renal responses to salinity change in snakes with and without salt glandsJournal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 214, No. 13Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Reptiles5 February 2014Effect of hypernatraemia and the neurohypophysial peptide, arginine vasotocin (AVT) on behavioural thermoregulation in the agamid lizard, Ctenophorus ornatusGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 150, No. 1Water balance of field-excavated aestivating Australian desert frogs, the cocoon-forming Neobatrachus aquilonius and the non-cocooning Notaden nichollsi (Amphibia: Myobatrachidae)Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 209, No. 17Kidney function and the role of arginine vasotocin in three agamid lizards from habitats of differing aridity in Western AustraliaGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 147, No. 1Renal responses to mesotocin in Western painted turtles compared with the antidiuretic response to arginine vasotocinGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 144, No. 2Regulation of renal proximal and distal tubule transport: sodium, chloride and organic anionsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 136, No. 3Arginine Vasotocin: Site and Mode of Action in the Reptilian KidneyGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 126, No. 1Ammonia functions as a regulatory molecule to mediate adjustments in glomerular filtration rate in response to changes in metabolic rateMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 57, No. 6Basolateral regulation of pHi in proximal tubules of avian loopless and long-looped nephrons in bicarbonateJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 284, No. 2Transport of organic molecules by reptilian nephronsJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 283, No. 7Plasma Arginine-Vasotocin and Hydroosmotic Status of the Terrestrial Pit ViperBothrops jararacaGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 109, No. 3Vertebrate Renal System1 January 2011Arginine vasotocin (AVT) controls renal sodium and water excretion in birds through interaction with a new ADH receptor subtypeAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using cryopreserved irradiated bone-ACL-bone-allograft transplantsKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, Vol. 2, No. 3Microdissectional investigation of the nephrons in some fishes, amphibians, and reptiles inhabiting different environmentJournal of Morphology, Vol. 219, No. 3Comparative Physiology of the Kidney1 January 2011Effects of vasopressin on electrolyte transport in lizard intestineJournal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 159, No. 6Comparative Renal PhysiologyArginine vasotocin and renal function in the conscious dogPeptides, Vol. 3, No. 6The effects of pituitary and adrenal hormones on renal and postrenal reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the lizard, Varanus gouldii (Gray)General and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 44, No. 1Is Phosphate Secreted by the Kidney?RENAL MECHANISMS FOR OSMOREGULATION IN REPTILES AND BIRDSThe physiologic determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration30 June 2005Urate Excretion in Nonmammalian VertebratesEffect of variations in rate of growth on physiological parameters in the lizard Amphibolurus ornatusComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 51, No. 3Osmoregulation and pituitary-adrenal function in desert reptilesGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 25, No. 2Variation in rate of growth and adrenal corticosteroidogenesis in field and laboratory populations of the lizard Amphibolurus urnatusComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 52, No. 3Effect of hypophysectomy on renal function in the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)General and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 19, No. 3Aspects of renal function in the lizard Varanus gouldiiComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 43, No. 4The role of adrenal corticosteroids in the regulation of kidney function in the desert lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalisComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 43, No. 3Antidiuretic effect of arginine vasotocin in the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli)General and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 18, No. 1Neurohypophysial hormones and water and sodium excretion in the African lungfishGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 3The endocrine control of water and electrolyte metabolism in desert reptilesGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 3Comparison of renal tubular transport of urate and PAH in water snakes: Evidence for differences in mechanisms and sites of transportComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 34, No. 3Comparison of renal function of bull and water snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus and natrix sipedon)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 32, No. 2The Patterns of Renal Electrolyte Excretion in the Duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) Maintained on Freshwater and on Hypertonic Saline*1 June 1968 | Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 48, No. 3Stop-flow study of renal function in conscious water snakes (natrix sipedon)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 22, No. 1Evolution of antidiuretic hormones and their functionsThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 5Metabolism of antidiuretic hormonesThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 5 More from this issue > Volume 212Issue 1January 1967Pages 83-91 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1967 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.1.83PubMed6016018History Published online 1 January 1967 Published in print 1 January 1967 Metrics

Excretion in fresh-water turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and desert tortoise (Gopherus agassi)

Excretion in fresh-water turtle (<i>Pseudemys scripta</i>) and desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassi</i>)

The renal tubular transport of urate.

The renal tubular transport of urate.